The article is dedicated to the loving memory of !A|’xuni.
The Ju|’hoansi of east central Namibia sometimes refer to the state as a whiteman and to the whiteman as a /’hun (steenbok). In this ...article, I contextualize these naming practices by tracing the history of colonial encounters on the fringes of the Western Kalahari through a small‐scale animist perspective. I then discuss what this means for the concept of ‘recognition’, which I treat as a two‐way intersubjective process of making oneself un/knowable to others. I argue that the Ju|’hoansi have engaged in parallel processes of mis/recognition vis‐à‐vis their colonial Others. By failing to enter into reciprocal relations with the Ju|’hoansi, the whiteman and the state have remained outside of the Ju|’hoansi's social universe and have thus compromised their own personhood.
Abstrait
L’État en tant qu'homme blanc, l'homme blanc en tant que /’hun : identité, reconnaissance et politique de la connaissance dans le Kalahari
Résumé
Le ju|’hoan du centre‐est de la Namibie parle parfois de l'État comme d'un homme blanc et de l'homme blanc comme d'un /’hun (steenbok). L'autrice contextualise ces pratiques d'appellation en retraçant l'histoire des rencontres coloniales de cette micro‐société animiste aux frontières du Kalahari occidental. Elle discute ensuite de la définition du concept de « reconnaissance », processus intersubjectif bilatéral consistant à se faire connaître des autres ou non. Elle défend l'idée que les ju|’hoan ont entrepris des processus parallèles de mé/reconnaissance vis‐à‐vis de leurs Tiers colonisés. En ne parvenant pas à établir des relations réciproques avec les ju|’hoan, l'homme blanc et l’État sont restés en dehors de l'univers social ju|’hoan et ont ainsi compromis leur propre identité.
Epigraphers have to develop skills, based on painstaking study and wide experience, to fill the gaps in texts that survive only in fragments, and to assess the material's date and provenance. ...this ...work has usually relied on the deep experience of a community of scholars, who gradually learn to identify the linguistic conventions of particular societies and their customary procedures (such as ratifying a decree). The authors then applied this tool to assess a group of fragmentary texts, and to produce suggestions for the restoration of missing text, as well as for provenance and date. ...the study of the ancient world, which was initially focused almost entirely on literary texts, has expanded to engage with a wide range of sources, from shopping lists to poetry.
A growing body of research uses names to cue experimental subjects about race, ethnicity, and gender. However, researchers have not explored the myriad characteristics that might be signaled by these ...names. We introduce a large, publicly available database of the attributes associated with common American first and last names. For 1,000 first names and 21 last names, we provide ratings of perceived race; for 336 first names, we provide ratings on 26 social and personal characteristics. We show that the traits associated with first names vary widely, even among names associated with the same race and gender. Researchers using names to signal group memberships are thus likely cuing a number of other attributes. We demonstrate the importance of name selection by replicating Christopher DeSante’s “Working Twice as Hard to Get Half as Far.” We conclude by outlining two approaches researchers can use to choose names that successfully cue race (and gender) while minimizing potential confounds.
Appendix 9, the orthography appendix of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, provides guidelines for the correct formation of generic names and specific epithets to honour famous ...microbiologists and other persons connected with natural science. However, no guidelines are given for the correct formation of compound generic names in which the first word element is derived from a personal name. Currently there are 16 such names validly published under the Rules of the Code, but the ways they were formed are inconsistent. We therefore propose an emendation of Appendix 9 to provide uniform guidelines for the formation of such names in the future.
This article makes a contribution towards understanding the correlation between Úgwú (hill or mountain) and personal names among the Igbo people of Nigeria. Sacralisation of the natural environment ...which include hills or mountains is a belief that cuts across religions. Among the Igbo, the perceived sacred value placed on such natural environment prompted a series of socio-cultural changes. Personal names are usually drawn from deified entities such as the earth, sun, rivers, and so on. Studies on Igbo personal names portrayed the environmental determinant for personal names in different Igbo-subcultures. However, the pattern of Nsukka-Igbo names, influenced specifically by Úgwú has hardly gotten any scholarly attention. This study, therefore, provided evidence that Úgwú is the single most environmental element that shaped the culture of naming among the Nsukka-Igbo people with its psycho-social and economic implications. Drawing from the theory of sacralisation, which stresses on placing religious values on objects, this article showed that the deified Úgwú environment influenced an unprecedented frequency and exclusive nature of Úgwú personal names in the study area. Documentary research, observation and interview methods were used to collect and analyse secondary, as well as primary data for this study. The article drew attention to the increasing influence of Úgwú on personal names in Nsukka-Igbo, and its effects which include the conservation of the environment occasioned by the deification of Úgwú.Contribution This article shows that the deification of natural environment of Úgwú influenced the increasing frequency of Úgwú personal names and its associated variants among the Nsukka-Igbo people of Nigeria.
Certified Random Ray, Debraj; Robson, Arthur
The American economic review,
02/2018, Letnik:
108, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Alphabetical name order is the norm for joint publications in economics. However, alphabetical order confers greater benefits on the first author. In a two-author model, we introduce and study ...certified random order: the uniform randomization of names made universally known by a commonly understood symbol. Certified random order (i) distributes the gain from first authorship evenly over the alphabet; (ii) allows either author to signal when contributions are extremely unequal; (iii) will invade an environment where alphabetical order is dominant; (iv) is robust to deviations; (v) may be ex ante more efficient than alphabetical order; and (vi) is no more complex than the existing alphabetical system modified by occasional reversal of name order.
This article extends and discusses a study by M. Valério (2015), which deals with several groups of personal names from southern Anatolia. It is proposed here to reconstruct one onomastic stem, ...*tubar(i)‑, common to several names from different language corpora belonging to the Luwic sub-group (Luwian, Carian, Pisidian) and Greek epigraphic sources from southern Anatolia (from Caria to Cilicia). This prolific element is associated with various divine names or epithets in compounds, which suggests that it corresponded to a divine title. Its meaning can be reconstructed as "battle companion, comrade-in-arms", originally qualifying various deities whose role was to guard their protégé on the battlefield.
•We propose an Interactive Customer Recognition Framework (ICRF).•ICRF relies on three integrated modules.•Duplicate Detection, Predictive Aiding, and Decisive Feature Selection are modules.•ICRF's ...applicability and suitability are tested on 63,360 data records.
We propose an interactive decision-making framework to assist a Customer Service Representative (CSR) in the efficient and effective recognition of customer records in a database with many ambiguous entries. Our proposed framework consists of three integrated modules. The first module focuses on the detection and resolution of duplicate records to improve effectiveness and efficiency in customer recognition. The second module determines the level of ambiguity in recognizing an individual customer when there are multiple records with the same name. The third module recommends the series of feature-related questions that the CSR should ask the customer to enable rapid recognition, based on that level of ambiguity. In the first module, the F-Swoosh approach for duplicate detection is used, and in the second module a dynamic programming-based technique is used to determine the level of ambiguity within the customer database for a given name. In the third module, Levenshtein edit distance is used for feature selection in combination with weights based on the Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) of terms. The algorithm that requires the minimum number of questions to be put to the customer to achieve recognition is the algorithm that is chosen. We evaluate the proposed framework on a synthetic dataset and demonstrate how it assists the CSR to rapidly recognize the correct customer.
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