Le Nietzsche de Georg Simmel Amat, Matthieu
Archives de philosophie,
1/2021, Letnik:
Tome 84, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Ce texte dessine les contours de l’interprétation de l’œuvre de Nietzsche par Georg Simmel. On en tirera des éléments pour l’intelligence du projet philosophique de Simmel, comme effort pour ...articuler objectivité et relativité de la valeur. Mais on trouvera aussi des raisons de défendre un certain usage de Nietzsche, replacé par Simmel dans une lignée humaniste, mais sans la moindre naïveté anthropocentrique. Nous nous arrêterons particulièrement sur deux thèses de Simmel : (1) Nietzsche propose une « théorie de la valeur » objective et systématique ; (2) Nietzsche est un « moraliste » qui défend une variété particulière de « personnalisme ».
This article aims to expose the specificity of the theory of totalitarianism in the context of the humanitarian-personalistic concept of the socio-political life of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. It ...allows for a unique insight into the nature of both totalitarian systems – both into the essence of German Nazi Hitlerism and Communism. Presenting the above issues from the point of view of personalist Christian praxeology exposes their unprecedentedly criminal tendencies. In this context, the presentation of the primary topics of the paradigm of both totalitarian systems reveals their perverse specificity as well as their anti-human and anti-Christian character. Thus, it allows one to demythologize the ideology of communism and Nazi-national socialism as well as present both concepts as degenerated “syndicate of crimes” leading to the negation of human dignity and – as a consequence – to the collapsing of humanity’s civilization as well. Moreover, it is also associated with an absolute opposition to the frequent attempts to justify, legitimize and even authenticate them in the eyes of world public opinion.
El artículo presenta el desarrollo de una de las principales líneas
de la antropología de Romano Guardini (1885-1968): la que culmina en
su propuesta personalista de Mundo y Persona (1939). Aparecen ...cinco etapas
bien concatenadas entre sí. La atención recae sobre los motivos teóricos que
le llevaron gradualmente a asumir en las dos últimas etapas un planteamiento
claramente personalista y se indican las características de su propuesta.
The present article examines one of Romano Guardini’s
main anthropological lines of thought, which led him to embrace a personalistic
approach to man, clearly present in his 1939 work World and
Person. Five closely knit stages can be discerned. Attention is drawn to
the last two, where it is possible to see the theoretical grounds on which
his specific personalistic approach is built.
Latin American democracies have been characterised as the product of personalistic leaders relying on their unique qualities to achieve and maintain political power. However, this characterisation ...has lacked conceptual and empirical development since the term “personalism” has been used to account simultaneously for a particular type of electoral appeal seeking to mobilise and persuade voters and for the concentration of power in a single political leader. This article advances in conceptualising electoral personalism as a strategy followed by political elites appealing to voters based on the personal characteristics of leaders and candidates, distinguishing it from personalisation as the concentration of power in a single leader. Based on statistical analysis, we propose two novel indicators of electoral personalism and assess its prevalence among Latin American countries. The article also advances in exploring its political, economic, and social determinants at the aggregate and individual levels.
An elaborate and pervasive set of practices, calledguanxi, underlies everyday social relationships in contemporary China. Obtaining and changing job assignments, buying certain foods and consumer ...items, getting into good hospitals, buying train tickets, obtaining housing, even doing business-all such tasks call for the skillful and strategic giving of gifts and cultivating of obligation, indebtedness, and reciprocity. Mayfair Mei-hui Yang's close scrutiny of this phenomenon serves as a window to view facets of a much broader and more complex cultural, historical, and political formation. Using rich and varied ethnographic examples ofguanxistemming from her fieldwork in China in the 1980s and 1990s, the author shows how this "gift economy" operates in the larger context of the socialist state redistributive economy.
Scholars suggest that personalism in the electoral arena may reinforce legislators' autonomy from their political parties, increasing their chances of party defection. Our aim is to investigate the ...role of one fundamental factor that can strengthen personalism: the personal financial capacity to fund electoral campaigns. We seek to answer whether legislators who have more financial resources coming from either personal wealth or individual donations are more inclined to leave their parties during their terms. Through data from Brazilian federal deputies, we show using multivariate regression models that the share of personal resources (especially the share of resources coming from candidate's personal wealth) has positive effects on the chances of defection. Being part of the government coalition and the regulatory framework in place also influence the relationships at play.
This Element presents the notion of legal personhood, which is a foundational concept of Western law. It explores the theoretical and philosophical foundations of legal personhood, such as how legal ...personhood is defined and whether legal personhood is connected to personhood as a general notion. It also scrutinises particular categories of legal personhood. It first focuses on two classical categories: natural persons (human beings) and artificial persons (corporations). The discussions of natural persons also cover the developing legal status of children and individuals with disabilities. The Element also presents three emerging categories of legal personhood: animals, nature and natural objects, and AI systems. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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