Статья посвящена исследованию фразеологических единиц с фитонимом-символом в английском, французском и русском языках. Проводится семантический, коннотативный и сопоставительный анализы исследуемых ...единиц. Выводы, сделанные в работе, подтверждаются результатами количественного анализа и отражены в таблицах. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении общих концептуальных признаков, отраженных в символических фитонимических компонентах фразеологических единиц, а также уникальных характерных особенностей фитонимической лексики в трех представленных языках. Сравнение символических фитофразеологизмов разных языков позволяет увидеть как национально-культурное своеобразие проявляется в образах и символах, что помогает определить сходства и отличия в культурных представлениях, которые лежат в основе создания фразеологизмов. Некоторые фитонимы-символы вызывают у носителей разных языков одинаковые устойчивые ассоциации (например, дуб или роза). Однако, в каждом языке фитонимическая лексика обрастает своими собственными уникальными ассоциациями, приводящими к семантическому сдвигу в значении компонента-фитонима. Метафорические и метонимические переосмысления растительного мира позволяют сделать язык более содержательным и выразительным, превращая сами фразеологизмы в источник знаний о культуре и менталитете народа. Картина, представленная во фразеологических единицах с символическим фитонимическим компонентом, отражает духовный мир людей с его эмоциональными восприятиями, оценками, разнообразными чувствами и взаимоотношениями. Наличие или отсутствие фитофразеологизмов в языке является значимым фактором для формирования восприятия картины мира.
The article presents the analysis of the collection of letters of the famous Ukrainian dramatist Mykola Kulish, representative of the generation Executed Renaissance. The writer’s correspondence is ...analysed as a component of his artistic heritage. The accent is made on the importance of studies of the writer’s correspondence, and the writer is seen as a representative of the inner world and the emotional and mental state of the word master, as it is exactly in the private correspondence that the author can be seen both as a writer and an ordinary person with his achievements, problems, and troubles.
The article deals with the linguistic units – words, collocations, and sentences –that were used by M. Kulish in his correspondence with his colleagues in writing as indicators of his emotional and mental state. It was discovered what emotional background the lettеrs to his brothers in pen have, especially those written to I. Dniprovkyi, as well the reasons for his state of mind that defines the choice of linguistics means for its expression. M. Kulish’s letters contain his aesthetic principles of literary art, standpoints regarding his contemporary literature, evaluation of his own texts and the works of other authors. At the same time the writer appears before the reader as an ordinary person, exhausted by not being particularly healthy, by impecuniosity, provincial life and hard work in the institution of public and social education which is quite often greatly bureaucratised.
It was found out that the inner state of Mykola Khvyliovyi is represented by means of lexical and phraseological groups with various semantic and stylistic, in particular vernacular colloquialisms, including the pejoratives, obsolete words from the ancient Slavonic language, cliché, ideologemes, some author’s neologisms. The role of phraseological units of different types such as idioms, literary quotations, set expressions in journalism writing and formal business style of speech is defined: to express the emotional and mental state of the writer.
The methodology of teaching different types of phraseological units of English is discussed language. Phraseological units, the meaning of which is difficult to deduce from the lexical elements that ...compose them, are highlighted. It is argued that a full-fledged lexical competence includes possessing a certain number of stable phrases of the studied language. A methodological approach is proposed that allows the use of phraseological units as material for activating communicative competence. After the appearance of the phraseological unit, its literal translation is given, then it is carried out oral discussion of what this phraseology can mean. During the discussion (including erroneous and inaccurate interpretations), communication participants identify semantic nuances for themselves that will help them develop language thinking and language guesswork. At the last stage, students are asked to recall a Russian phraseology with the same meaning. The procedure was successfully tested in classes with students of a language university.
This article provides a semantic analysis of somatisms in the proverbs of Kyrgyz folklore, examines the ability of somatic units to metaphorize and convey in an allegorical form the cultural and ...everyday features of the life of the people. Proverbs from Kyrgyz folklore containing a somatic component were selected for analysis.
The purpose of the study is to carry out a semantic analysis of somatisms and determine their role in the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Kyrgyz language.
It is shown that the most significant somatic concepts reflect the cultural, value and worldview guidelines of the people, their centuries-old history and everyday life. In the analysis, special attention is paid to the ability of somatisms to metaphorize complex everyday, historical, and cultural concepts.
The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the systematic analysis of various somatic groups in the proverbs of Kyrgyz folklore (communicative, denoting the senses, etc.) has been led for the first time.
As a result, it was revealed that the image of "corporeality" is widely represented in the linguistic picture of the world of Kyrgyz speakers, somaticisms are an effective way of conceptualizing objects and phenomena of the surrounding world, as well as abstract concepts.
It is concluded that the communicative function is often conveyed in Kyrgyz proverbs using the somatism “language”; somatism “head” replaces concepts similar in meaning (“mind”, “intellect”). The functional and external characteristics of body parts are used in folklore to denote a person's role in a social group, status, age, etc. Somatisms reveal complex folk images and metaphors that make up the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Kyrgyz language.
The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the phraseological systems of a particular language through the prism of national and cultural code of ethnicity, a value-based ...approach to the linguistic and communicative paradigm on the example of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages, the creation of national speech universals, identifying the area of their functioning and understanding of phraseological structures by native and non-native speakers of the language. The purpose of the study is an in-depth analysis of national, and cultural characteristics through the verbalisation of thought processes displayed in a diachronic language section. The main method of investigation is theoretical, involving the collection and study of a wide range of scientific literature on the stated topic, the identification of the main national elements through the study of the lexical-structural realisation of the value priorities of the people at the level of speech behaviour. The study addresses the unique transmission of folk wisdom by intralingual and extralingual means, the verbalisation of a nation’s thought activity and its results, different aspects of the study of these issues in world science for a complete language picture of a particular nation, the basic similarities, and differences in the mechanisms of operation of different language systems are analysed in detail. The materials presented in the study can be used in further phraseological studies on the moral values of the nation on the example of linguistic culture, the creation of linguistic studies on the influence of verbal and non-verbal factors on the development of people, to study the structural, semantic, stylistic characteristics of speech behaviour, to turn scientific interests into anthropocentric trends, to record and categorise the connotations of stable units and their speech equivalents in dictionaries, textbooks, scientific studies.
The paper analyses Rusin phraseological units with a number as their component, which were continuously sampled from lexicographic collections (dictionaries), such as The Rusin-Ukrainian-Russian and ...Russian-Ukrainian-Rusin Dictionary by D. Pop, The Rusin-Russian Dictionary by I. Kercha, as well as Ukrainian and Russian proverb dictionaries. The sampled phraseological units are distributed into groups depending on the core component – the numeral – and set against the background of a number of examples from Slavic languages. The phraseological units analysed in the paper are for the most part based on the symbolic semantics of numbers, reflecting popular beliefs, Christian faith, and mythopoetic numerology. Rusin phraseological units with numeral odin (‘one’) prevail in terms of quantity, which reflects the general tendency of Slavic phraseology. Relatively numerous are the groups of phraseological units with numerals dva (‘two’) and tri (‘three’). Other numerals are represented in Rusin phraseology to a lesser extent. This paper shows that the Rusin language is an example of a cultural and language transfer, since it was influenced by various languages due to a wide geographical “spread” in Europe. The identification of the national specificity against the background of a universal component helps to objectively and thoroughly reveal the linguistic and cultural potential of both Rusin and closely related Ukrainian and Russian paremiologies.
This article discusses the origin of Polish phraseological units for complete darkness (ciemności egipskie, ciemności kimeryjskie, ciemności zewnętrzne) compared to their Russian and English ...equivalents and presents the peculiarities of their meanings perceived from the angle of their sources and a texts of many varieties.
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the usage of phraseological units related to marriage in contemporary media texts. The material was extracted from the
Russian National Corpus
. ...The aim of the research is to identify the standard and new meanings and functions of phraseological units in this group in relation to the value orientations of contemporary Russian language speakers. The relevance of the study is determined by its linguistic-pragmatic and axiological orientation. The conducted analysis indicates that family continues to be a significant value for representatives of Russian linguistic culture. Society’s attitude towards the topic of marriage is traced within the framework of phraseological blocks, which depict (1) the position of men and women before entering into marriage, (2) within the marital union (this taxon is represented by the largest number of phraseological units), (3) outside of marriage. At the same time, expressions related to civil marriage also emerge in frequent positions. It is shown that euphemistic expressions for infidelity are more often associated with male actors. Media texts demonstrate the development of views on traditional roles of men and women, as well as the presence of non-traditional forms of marriage. Phraseology related to marriage is actively used metaphorically in relation to various spheres of societal life: politics, economy, sports, etc.
В статье на материале фразеологизмов русского и других славянских языков с привлечением вен-герских фразеологических параллелей рассматривается образная составляющая концепта «Бог». Для анализа ...отобраны фразеологизмы, образы которых отражают взаимодействие Бога и человека. Цель статьи – показать, как в ассоциативных механизмах фраземообразования и ситуациях, отра-жаемых прототипами идиом и пословиц, реализуются общехристианские представления о миро-устройстве и национально специфические интерпретации взаимодействия человека и Бога. Анализируются обороты, восходящие к текстам Библии и представляющие сцены земной жизни Христа, его контакты с последователями и преследователями. В народных фразеологизмах, которые также стали объектом сопоставительного анализа, метафорически переосмысляются ситуации вза-имодействия Бога и простого человека. Клишированные обращения человека к Богу как еще один вид взаимодействия человека и Бога, содержат просьбы о семейном благополучии, здоровье, удаче. Выявлены общие идеологемы, передаваемые конфессионно маркированными фразеологизмами и паремиями славянских языков и венгерского языка. Этот материал свидетельствует о том, что Бог в народных представлениях – заботливый покровитель, помощник человека. Бог определяет судьбу человека, сроки его жизни, отдельные поступки. Бог требует соблюдения определенных мораль-но-этических норм и сурово наказывает за отступление от них. Анализ нашего материала позволяет сделать предварительные заключения о фраземообразова-тельной активности отдельных библейских мотивов в разных лингвокультурах: страдания Христа, отречение его учеников, карающая сила Бога шире представлены в образах западнославянских фра-зеологизмов. Русские фразеологизмы с компонентом «Бог» чаще строятся на ассоциациях с благодатью, фразеологически представленное общение с Богом зачастую можно охарактеризовать как неформальное, на Бога чаще перекладывается ответственность за опрометчивые или неблаговид-ные поступки. Симбиоз языческих и христианских представлений о мироустройстве особенно ярко иллюстрируют русские и венгерские фразеологические обороты, в которых упоминаются русский бог, венгерский бог. На русском и венгерском материале показаны также механизмы десакрализа-ции слова Бог и его использования в угрозах-обсценизмах. Особое внимание уделяется анализу народно-этимологических и профессиональных версий про-исхождения конфессионально детерминированных фразеологизмов. Подчеркивается, что резуль-таты проведенного исследования могут быть полезны при составлении лингвокультурологических словарей и словарей библеизмов.
The urgency of this research is determined by the interest in modern linguistics in revealing the specificity of the national worldview. The aim of the study is to investigate and analyze motivation ...of meaning and inner form of Russian phraseological units with a floral component. The article reports the results of the analyses of the phraseological units with a former lexeme – phytonym as one of their components. Phraseological units with a floral component are the units which incorporate a phytonym of a generic and common notion (teplichnoe rastenie, temnyy les, zatevat' syr-bor, puskat' korni, pristat' kak bannyy list, khot' trava ne rasti), as well as a component – name of some specific plant (osinovyy list, dubovaya golova, mak – makov tsvet, beleny ob"elsya, izrubit’ v kapustu). It is emphasized that the analysis of the formation of semantic structure of phraseological units with a floral component is of considerable importance since the plants play a big role in the life of a person; they form and translate symbolic, mythological and religious ideas. Special attention is paid to the identification of the regularities and the specificity of phraseogenetic potential of floral lexemes (phytonyms). The novelty of the study might be determined by the fact that the motivation of the inner form of phraseological units with a floral component has not been studied in detail so far. It has been revealed that the inner form is based both on the floral symbols universal for the human culture and on the physical properties of some specific plants people deal with in their daily life. The national markedness of phytonyms in phraseological units can manifest itself on the level of symbols and can become the basis of the patterns and stereotypes of human behavior. The results obtained make it possible to conclude that the discovery of the motivation of the semantics of phraseological units with a floral component plays a considerable part in the study of the mentality of a nation.
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