The aim of the present study is to improve the teaching of physical education and sports by revealing the peculiarities of the physical ability of the students. The object of research are the main ...signs of the students' physical ability. The research contingent are 58 students (29 boys and 29 girls) from the 5th grade of the "Panayot Volov" Secondary School (Shumen). To solve the PURPOSE and tasks of the research, the following METHODS were used: theoretical analysis of specialized literature and sports-pedagogical testing. The used test battery is borrowed from the System for evaluating the physical performance of students from the 1st to the 12th grade and includes 5 indicators. The RESULTS of the research were subjected to mathematical-statistical processing through: variation analysis and Student's t-test. The comparative analysis proves that in four of the five investigated characteristics the observed differences in both sexes are insignificant and can be explained by random reasons. The only exception is observed regarding the level of development of the explosive power of the lower limbs, which gives us reason to assume that, in general, physical education and sports training had a similar impact on the physical performance of students of both sexes.
The aim of the study is to establish the level of motor skills and optimize the volleyball training process with 12-year-olds adolescent volleyball players (girls). The subject of the study are the ...signs of the motor abilities of a total of 72 adolescent volleyball players. To establish the level of physical fitness, a sports-pedagogical test was conducted on 9 main signs. To achieve the goal of the study, a variation and comparative analysis was applied. It was found that 12-year-olds volleyball players significantly outperform 11-year-olds in terms of the explosive power of the lower limbs in both vertical and horizontal muscular effort and the static power of the comfortable upper limb.
In this article, I build a new line of health inequality research that parallels the emerging structural racism literature. I develop theory and measurement for the concept of structural sexism and ...examine its relationship to health outcomes. Consistent with contemporary theories of gender as a multilevel social system, I conceptualize and measure structural sexism as systematic gender inequality at the macro level (U.S. state), meso level (marital dyad), and micro level (individual). I use U.S. state-level administrative data linked to geocoded data from the NLSY79, as well as measures of inter-spousal inequality and individual views on women’s roles as predictors of physical health outcomes in random-effects models for men and women. Results show that among women, exposure to more sexism at the macro and meso levels is associated with more chronic conditions, worse self-rated health, and worse physical functioning. Among men, macro-level structural sexism is also associated with worse health. However, greater meso-level structural sexism is associated with better health among men. At the micro level, internalized sexism is not related to physical health among either women or men. I close by outlining how future research on gender inequality and health can be furthered using a structural sexism perspective.
Abstract
Background
sarcopenia in ageing is a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength and/or physical function. This review aims to summarise the definitions of sarcopenia in community-dwelling ...older adults and explore similarities and differences in prevalence estimates by definition.
Methods
a systematic review was conducted to identify articles which estimated sarcopenia prevalence in older populations using search terms for sarcopenia and muscle mass. Overall prevalence for each sarcopenia definition was estimated stratified by sex and ethnicity. Secondary analyses explored differences between studies and within definitions, including participant age, muscle mass measurement techniques and thresholds for muscle mass and gait speed.
Results
in 109 included articles, eight definitions of sarcopenia were identified. The lowest pooled prevalence estimates came from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia/Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (12.9%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9–15.9%), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (9.9%, 3.2–16.6%) and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (18.6%, 11.8–25.5%) definitions. The highest prevalence estimates were for the appendicular lean mass (ALM)/weight (40.4%, 19.5–61.2%), ALM/height (30.4%, 20.4–40.3%), ALM regressed on height and weight (30.4%, 20.4–40.3%) and ALM / body mass index (24.2%, 18.3–30.1%) definitions. Within definitions, the age of study participants and the muscle mass cut points used were substantive sources of between-study differences.
Conclusion
estimates of sarcopenia prevalence vary from 9.9 to 40.4%, depending on the definition used. Significant differences in prevalence exist within definitions across populations. This lack of agreement between definitions needs to be better understood before sarcopenia can be appropriately used in a clinical context.
Objective:
To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment delivered via real-time telerehabilitation for the management of musculoskeletal conditions, and to determine if real-time telerehabilitation is ...comparable to conventional methods of delivery within this population.
Data sources:
Six databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, PEDro, psycINFO, CINAHL) were searched from inception to November 2015 for literature which reported on the outcomes of real-time telerehabilitation for musculoskeletal conditions.
Review methods:
Two reviewers screened 5913 abstracts where 13 studies (n = 1520) met the eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs & Black ‘Checklist for Measuring Quality’ tool. Results were pooled for meta-analysis based upon primary outcome measures and reported as standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results:
Aggregate results suggest that telerehabilitation is effective in the improvement of physical function (SMD 1.63, 95%CI 0.92-2.33, I2=93%), whilst being slightly more favourable (SMD 0.44, 95%CI 0.19-0.69, I2=58%) than the control cohort following intervention. Sub-group analyses reveals that telerehabilitation in addition to usual care is more favourable (SMD 0.64, 95%CI 0.43-0.85, I2=10%) than usual care alone, whilst treatment delivered solely via telerehabilitation is equivalent to face-to-face intervention (SMD MD 0.14, 95% CI −0.10–0.37, I2 = 0%) for the improvement of physical function. The improvement of pain was also seen to be comparable between cohorts (SMD 0.66, 95%CI −0.27–1.60, I2=96%) following intervention.
Conclusions:
Real-time telerehabilitation appears to be effective and comparable to conventional methods of healthcare delivery for the improvement of physical function and pain in a variety of musculoskeletal conditions.
Studying the students’ body weight is a problem of the present day primarily associated with assessing their health status. However, few scientific studies reveal its impact on students’ abilities to ...acquire physical education content. That is why we set ourselves the aim to establish the influence of students’ body mass on their motor abilities manifestation. Methods: Using the standard for our education system test battery, we measured the height, weight, and physical ability of 218 boys and girls in the 4th, 7th, and 12th grades from 3 schools in Sofia. We processed the results using correlation analysis (Pearson's r). Results: We found that being overweight in 4th-grade boys and girls had a negative impact on the manifestation of all the motor skills studied. During puberty (in the 7th grade), the higher body mass index makes it difficult for students to manifest their speed and strength. In the 12th grade, it favours the manifestation of lower limb strength and endurance in girls and dramatically harms the boys’ manifestation of speed and agility. Conclusion: As a result of the correlation between body mass and motor skills we derived, teachers can plan more accurately the means and methods of physical training in the lesson for students of different ages.
There is a need for valid self-report measures of core health-related quality of life (HRQoL) domains.
To derive brief, reliable and valid health profile measures from the Patient Reported Outcomes ...Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) item banks.
Literature review, investigator consensus process, item response theory (IRT) analysis, and expert review of scaling results from multiple PROMIS data sets. We developed 3 profile measures ranging in length from 29 to 57 questions. These profiles assess important HRQoL domains with highly informative subsets of items from respective item banks and yield reliable information across mild-to-severe levels of HRQoL experiences. Each instrument assesses the domains of pain interference, fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, physical function, and social function using 4-, 6-, and 8-item short forms for each domain, and an average pain intensity domain score, using a 0-10 numeric rating scale.
With few exceptions, all domain short forms within the profile measures were highly reliable across at least 3 standard deviation (30 T-score) units and were strongly correlated with the full bank scores. Construct validity with ratings of general health and quality of life was demonstrated. Information to inform statistical power for clinical and general population samples is also provided.
Although these profile measures have been used widely, with summary scoring routines published, description of their development, reliability, and initial validity has not been published until this article. Further evaluation of these measures and clinical applications are encouraged.
Different degrees of disorders are reported in respiratory function, physical function and psychological function in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in elderly ...patients. With the experience of improved and discharged COVID-19 patients, timely respiratory rehabilitation intervention may improve prognosis, maximize functional preservation and improve quality of life (QoL), but there lacks of studies worldwide exploring the outcome of this intervention.
To investigate the effects of 6-week respiratory rehabilitation training on respiratory function, QoL, mobility and psychological function in elderly patients with COVID-19.
This paper reported the findings of an observational, prospective, quasi-experimental study, which totally recruited 72 participants, of which 36 patients underwent respiratory rehabilitation and the rest without any rehabilitation intervention. The following outcomes were measured: pulmonary function tests including plethysmography and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), functional tests (6-min walk distance test), Quality of life (QoL) assessments (SF-36 scores), activities of daily living (Functional Independence Measure, FIM scores), and mental status tests (SAS anxiety and SDS depression scores).
After 6 weeks of respiratory rehabilitation in the intervention group, there disclosed significant differences in FEV1(L), FVC(L), FEV1/FVC%, DLCO% and 6-min walk test. The SF-36 scores, in 8 dimensions, were statistically significant within the intervention group and between the two groups. SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group decreased after the intervention, but only anxiety had significant statistical significance within and between the two groups.
Six-week respiratory rehabilitation can improve respiratory function, QoL and anxiety of elderly patients with COVID-19, but it has little significant improvement on depression in the elderly.
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