Sedentary behaviour is increasingly perceived as a risk factor for the development of diseases and for increased mortality. In particular, increased time spent sitting in combination with low ...physical activity seems to have negative health consequences.
In the nationwide cross-sectional study German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS), the indicator 'sitting' was captured by the self-report of the participants.
For at least eight hours a day, 16.7% of women and 22.3% of men sit: Men more often than women, younger persons more often than older persons and the proportion increases significantly from the low to the high education group. Similarly, about one fifth of adults in Germany sit for at least four hours a day and do not engage in physical activity in their leisure time.
The results indicate that preventive measures are needed to reduce time spent sitting and increase physical activity.
Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) are influenced through dietary protein intake and physical (in)activity, which it follows, regulate skeletal muscle (SKM) mass across ...the lifespan. Following consumption of dietary protein, the bio-availability of essential amino acids (EAA), and primarily leucine (LEU), drive a transient increase in MPS with an ensuing refractory period before the next MPS stimulation is possible (due to the “muscle full” state). At the same time, MPB is periodically constrained via reflex insulin actions. Layering exercise on top of protein intake increases the sensitivity of SKM to EAA, therefore extending the muscle full set-point (∼48 h), to permit long-term remodelling (e.g., hypertrophy). In contrast, ageing and physical inactivity are associated with a premature muscle full set-point in response to dietary protein/EAA and contractile activity. Of all the EAA, LEU is the most potent stimulator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-signalling pathway, with the phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates increasing ∼3-fold more than with all other EAA. Furthermore, maximal MPS stimulation is also achieved following low doses of LEU-enriched protein/EAA, negating the need for larger protein doses. As a result, LEU supplementation has been of long term interest to maximise muscle anabolism and subsequent net protein accretion, especially when in tandem with resistance exercise. This review highlights current knowledge vis-à-vis the anabolic effects of LEU supplementation in isolation, and in enriched protein/EAA sources (i.e., EAA and/or protein sources with added LEU), in the context of ageing, exercise and unloading states.
Sedentary behavior at work contributes to detrimental cognitive outcomes (e.g., decreases in attention). The length of time that cognitive performance benefits are sustained following bouts of ...breaking up sitting (e.g., using sit-stand desks or walking) is not known. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using a systematic search strategy, with keywords related to breaking up sitting interventions in office-based environments and cognitive performance outcomes in the period immediately post the cessation of the breaking up sitting intervention. Three types of office-based breaking up sitting interventions were identified; 1) sit-stand desks, 2) walking desks and 3) cycling desks. From the eight studies which met the criteria, the impacts of these interventions on cognitive performance outcomes were mixed, with significant benefits in some studies and others reporting no benefit. Of the cognitive domains assessed, working memory, attention, and psychomotor function showed significant sustained improvement for up to 30 minutes post intervention. While there are benefits to a key set of cognitive performance domains following breaking up sitting interventions in office-based settings, no studies have evaluated whether benefits to cognitive performance persist for longer than 30 minutes after the breaking up sitting intervention. Furthermore, specific applications of these cognitive benefits to tasks outside of work (e.g., driving home from work) are unknown.
Background: Considerable evidence suggests that physical inactivity contributes to the magnitude of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and is responsible for premature deaths globally. Objective: This ...study aimed to examine physical inactivity and associated factors among community dwelling adults in Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 868 community-dwelling adults (20 to 59 years) were sampled in a cross- sectional survey using multistage sampling technique. A validated questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Weight and height were measured and used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect data on physical activity status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between physical inactivity and associated factors at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 49.8% (48.5% in males and 51.0% in females), while combined overweight and obesity was 39.4%. In the adjusted model, physical inactivity was associated with older age (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.34- 0.71), increasing BMI (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.49- 0.91), increasing income (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.48- 0.89), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.47- 0.97). Conclusion: The high prevalence of physical inactivity among adults underscores the need for community-based physical activity interventions to reduce the burden of NCDs among adults.
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading global cause of death and is a major contributor to metabolic and endocrine diseases. In this review we provide a current update of the past 5 years in the ...field as it pertains to the most prevalent and deadly chronic diseases. Despite the prevalence of physical inactivity in modern society, it remains largely overlooked relative to other comparable risk factors such as obesity, and our molecular understanding of how physical inactivity impacts metabolism is still partially unknown. Therefore, we discuss current clinical inactivity models along with their most recent findings regarding health outcomes along with any discrepancies that are present in the field. Lastly, we discuss future directions and the need for translatable animal models of physical inactivity to discover novel molecular targets for the prevention of chronic disease.
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are major contributors to endocrine and metabolic diseases.Recent clinical studies show bed rest induces insulin resistance, reduced VO2max, increased blood pressure, etc.People that are classified as physically inactive are 1.4 times more likely to develop dementia, and insulin resistance is hypothesized to drive cognitive decline.The most physically inactive individuals are 1.75 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease, as inactivity is one of the greatest single risk factors.Aging and declining physical activity levels lead to sarcopenia and muscle atrophy, which is associated with an increased risk of premature death.
Evidence suggests that sedentary behavior is increased among those with mobility impairment, but the evidence examining the impact of social support networks (SSN) on this relationship remains ...limited. This study examines the relationship between SSN and sedentary behavior among adults with and without mobility impairment.
Cross-sectional.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008.
U.S. adults (≥40 years of age) with (n = 962) and without (n = 1393) mobility impairment.
The Social Support Network (SSN) score was created using self-reported emotional, financial, church, friends, and marital support/status. The dependent variable in this study was the upper quartile of sedentary time in minutes.
Both higher SSN score (AOR .43; 95% CI 0.25-.76,
= .045) and poverty to income ratio (PIR) (AOR 2.60; 95% CI 1.40-4.82,
= .01) were significant predictors of increased sedentary time among adults with mobility impairment. Among adults without mobility impairment, higher PIR was the only significant predictor of increased sedentary time (OR 3.59; 95% Cl 1.80-7.15,
< .0001).
Higher SSN score was associated with significantly lower odds of increased sedentary time among adults with mobility impairment. A similar relationship was not revealed among adults without mobility impairment. Higher PIR was associated with significantly higher odds of increased sedentary time among adults with and without mobility impairment.
Frailty is common among older people who carry an increased risk for poor outcomes, including falls, physical disabilities, infections, and mortality. However, the prevalence of frailty and the ...prognostic influence of frailty status are poorly understood in adults with schizophrenia. The present study aimed to assess the predictive ability of frailty and its individual components for the risk of falls in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Frailty status was assessed at baseline by using Fried frailty criteria after the enrollment of 561 patients with chronic schizophrenia. The patients were followed up for 18 months, and the outcome of the study was the incidence of falls. The mean age of the patients was 53.8 years, and a total of 35.3% were females. One-quarter (25.3%) of patients received typical antipsychotics. The prevalence of frailty was 10.2% at baseline. During follow-up, 40 patients (7.1%) experienced falls. Frailty status was associated with increased susceptibility to falling with an unadjusted hazard ratio of 5.27 (95% confidence interval: 2.75–10.10) and a hazard ratio of 4.65 (95% confidence interval: 1.88–11.54) after multivariate adjustment. Among the components of frailty, the most significant association was observed between low physical activity and falls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, frailty is highly prevalent in patients with chronic schizophrenia and is associated with the risk of adverse clinical events. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between schizophrenia and frailty in an attempt to develop an appropriate treatment plan for improving clinical outcomes for these patients.
This study aimed to evaluate recent trends in physical inactivity prevalence by sociodemographic characteristics and the province of China's residence between 2013 and 2019.
The study included ...4,229,616 participants 40 yr or older from 414 geographically defined localities in China during the 7-yr period. Self-reported total physical inactivity was collected to determine the standardized prevalence of physical inactivity. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between physical inactivity and stroke risk, obtaining odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results showed that the standardized prevalence of physical inactivity increased from 22.12% (95% CI = 21.99%-22.45%) in 2013 to 28.79% (95% CI = 28.48%-29.19%) in 2019, with an absolute difference of 6.67% (95% CI = 6.15% to 7.16%) and a yearly increase rate of 5.03% (95% CI = 4.85% to 5.21%). In 2019, physical inactivity was higher in female and rural participants (female = 29.55%, rural = 29.46%) than in male and urban participants (male = 28.03%, urban = 28.26%). The prevalence of physical inactivity also varied by race/ethnic groups, with the highest prevalence observed among Uyghur (47.21%) and the lowest among Yizu (14.84%). Additionally, the prevalence of physical inactivity differed by province, ranging from 14.44% in Beijing to 50.09% in Tianjin in 2019. Multivariate analyses showed that physical inactivity was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12-1.21, P < 0.001).
In conclusion, our study found an overall increase in physical inactivity prevalence among Chinese adults ≥40 yr old from 2013 to 2019, with significant variation across regions, sex, ages, and race/ethnic groups.
A physically inactive lifestyle is associated with maladaptive patterns of personality development over relatively short follow-up periods. The present study extends existing research by examining ...whether this association persists over 20 years. Participants (total
= 8,723) were drawn from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduates and Siblings samples and the Midlife in the United States Study. Controlling for demographic factors and disease burden, baseline physical inactivity was related to steeper declines in conscientiousness in all three samples and a meta-analysis (β=-.06). The meta-analysis further showed that lower physical activity was associated with declines in openness (β=-.05), extraversion (β=-.03), and agreeableness (β=-.03). These findings provide evidence that a physically inactive lifestyle is associated with long-term detrimental personality trajectories.
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