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•Strain sensors comprising polydopamine(PDA)-coated textiles with incorporated silver nanowires(AgNWs) were developed.•3.37 wt.% AgNWs and1.39 wt.% PDA gave 99 % antibacterial effect ...against E.coli and S. aureus, a fracture strain of 400 %.•99% SE against X-band EM waves, a strain sensitivity up to 457.1 and a strain sensing range up to 300 %.•Mathematical methods developed to analyze strain-resistivity correlation and address signal drift under cyclic strain.
For wearable smart textile sensors, stability, accuracy and multi-functionality are key objectives. Achieving the optimal application requires delicately balancing the crucial physical properties of strain sensors, presenting a key technological challenge. This study addresses these challenges by presenting several properties and potential applications of a triple hierarchic polymeric knitted fabric. The fabric incorporates an internal conductive network constructed with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and polydopamine (PDA) coating on its outer surface. This innovative textile successfully strikes a balance between strain sensing and electromagnetic interference shielding while concurrently exhibiting biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. Significantly, acknowledging the susceptibility of measurements from polymer-based strain sensor materials to time drift, we introduce both a modeling approach and a novel calibration technique. This advancement facilitates the generation of stable cyclic sensing signals, even under substantial deformations of up to 80 % at a high stretching speed. Importantly, it provides a practical solution for addressing signal drift observed in flexible sensors when utilized in environments characterized by long-term and large deformations.
•Landslide travel distance is considered for the first time in a predictive equation.•Predictive equation derived from databases using 3D physical and numerical modeling.•The equation was ...successfully tested on the 2018 Anak Krakatau tsunami event.•The developed equation using three-dimensional data exhibits a 91 % fitting quality.
Landslide tsunamis, responsible for thousands of deaths and significant damage in recent years, necessitate the allocation of sufficient time and resources for studying these extreme natural hazards. This study offers a step change in the field by conducting a large number of three-dimensional numerical experiments, validated by physical tests, to develop a predictive equation for the maximum initial amplitude of tsunamis generated by subaerial landslides. We first conducted a few 3D physical experiments in a wave basin which were then applied for the validation of a 3D numerical model based on the Flow3D-HYDRO package. Consequently, we delivered 100 simulations using the validated model by varying parameters such as landslide volume, water depth, slope angle and travel distance. This large database was subsequently employed to develop a predictive equation for the maximum initial tsunami amplitude. For the first time, we considered travel distance as an independent parameter for developing the predictive equation, which can significantly improve the predication accuracy. The predictive equation was tested for the case of the 2018 Anak Krakatau subaerial landslide tsunami and produced satisfactory results.
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•Investigations into the mechanisms of glyphosate adsorption utilising bio-fabricated zinc oxide doped activated carbon (Zn@AC).•A steric and energetic interpretation using ...statistical physics models with new insights resulting from the DFT simulation.•Zn@AC demonstrates 4.45 % of adsorption efficiency losses in acidic media.•Higher energy beneficial to the endothermic reaction of adsorption.•Monolayer adsorption exhibits stronger electrostatic > physisorption.
Glyphosate (GPS), an organophosphorus herbicide known for its genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, poses environmental and health risks. Addressing the need for sustainable removal methods, adsorption emerges as a promising, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach. To enhance GPS removal, a bio-fabricated ZnONP-doped activated carbon (Zn@AC) was proposed and investigated for its adsorption mechanism. The adsorbent was created by pyrolyzing activated carbon derived from coconut fiber and introducing ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Jatropha curcas leaf extract. Subsequently, the material underwent thorough characterization. The adsorption mechanism was explored using statistical physical modeling and Density Functional Theory (DFT) under different conditions: temperatures (303–353 K), pH levels (4.5–6), and GPS concentrations (5–50 mg/L). The monolayer, double layer, and multilayer models were used to gain comprehensive insight into GPS removal performance, and the results showed that Zn@AC was superior to AC and ZnONP. The adsorption capacity for monolayer quantity for GPS-Zn@AC was found to be 511.49 mg/g, and the density of receptor sites for Zn@AC was observed to be 85.68 ± 1.71. These values were obtained using the M5 model, which is a statistical physical modeling approach. The study provides insights into the adsorption of GPS on modified materials and the use of advanced statistical physics models for interpretation. The temperature-dependent changes and energy profiles (∊1 > 10 kJ/mol > ∊2) confirmed that the reaction was endothermic and driven by electrostatic interference. The alignment of experimental and DFT highlighted Zn-O interactions, showing the hierarchy of GPS-Zn@AC complexes (IV > II > III > I > V). These findings offer valuable insights for engineering and material science.
Flood hazard mapping methods: A review Mudashiru, Rofiat Bunmi; Sabtu, Nuridah; Abustan, Ismail ...
Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam),
December 2021, 2021-12-00, Letnik:
603
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•State-of-the-art review of related publications from 2000 to 2021 for the three discussed methods in FHM.•The review study gave a comprehensive overview of the methodologies in flood hazard ...mapping.•Explained the strengths and limitations of the physically-based, physical, and empirical modeling methods in flood hazard modeling.•Presented case studies of the methods, uncertainties, recent trends, and future directions associated with the methods in the review study.
Flood hazard mapping (FHM) has undergone significant development in terms of approach and capacity of the result to meet the target of policymakers for accurate prediction and identification of flood-prone or affected regions. FHM is a vital tool in flood hazard and risk management analysis. Previous review studies have focused on flood inundation modelling methods. This present study presents a thorough and current review of the physically-based, empirical, and physical modelling methods in FHM. The study gives insight into strengths, limitations, case studies, and uncertainties associated with the methods. It further discusses the approaches in handling uncertainties related to each method, and its recent development. The review study is targeted at enlightening researchers and decision-makers with an extensive understanding of the methods and of the recent improvements in FHM thereby empowering flood management agencies, decision-makers, design engineers, early warning system agencies, and responders in addressing and making accurate decisions in flood-related problems, employing best management practices in flood management, and adaption of climate decision-making towards building resilient infrastructures.
•Comprehensive physical modelling of corroded cast iron pipelines.•Statistical analysis of pipe failure data.•Use of hybrid reliability method for probabilistic analysis.•Comparison between physical ...modelling and statistical analysis of observed data.
Cast iron was the dominant material for buried pipes for water networks prior to the 1970s in Australia and overseas. At present, many water utilities still have a significant amount of ageing cast iron pipes. Cast iron is a brittle material and when large diameter cast iron pipes (diameters above 300mm) further deteriorate, the consequences of failure can be substantial. Focusing on the likelihood of failure to assist risk assessment, this paper examines the performance of large-diameter cast iron pipes using probabilistic analysis, incorporating uncertainties of governing variables. Finite element analysis is first conducted to study the physical mechanism of buried pipes subjected to complex environmental conditions. The deterioration of cast iron pipes due to corrosion is considered on the basis of recent research. The uncertainties of governing variables, such as the physical properties of soil, cast iron, water pressure and corrosion patterns, in pipe failure risk assessment are considered. Using probabilistic physical modelling, the lifetime probability of failure is derived and a time-dependent sensitivity analysis is presented. The results of this probabilistic physical modelling are compared with cohorts of failure data from two Australian water utilities to examine the underlying trends from both physical modelling and statistical analysis.
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•Additive manufacturing is used to physically model Reinforced Concrete at a 1:30 scale.•Submillimeter diameter rebars of suitable mechanical and bond behavior are used.•Tuning of ...printing parameters, bar surface roughness and concrete mix is needed to maintain similitude.•Additional surface ribs should be printed with the bars to simulate prototype bond behavior.•Gypsum-based mixes are more similar to prototype concrete than cement-based mixes.
Small scale (∼1:30–1:40) Reinforced Concrete is useful for centrifuge testing. However, manufacturing the reinforcing cages by hand at this scale is practically difficult. This paper suggests that small scale reinforcement can be manufactured using a metal 3D printer. Mechanical properties of 3D printed submillimeter rebars are discussed and compared to properties of typical prototype rebars. Different model concrete mix designs are tested to identify optimal mixes. Pullout tests of rebars with different surface rib configurations embedded in different concrete mixes are discussed.
Based on the test results, by modulating the printing parameters it seems feasible to obtain 3D printed submillimeter bars that can be used as physical models of prototype rebars. A gypsum-based model concrete was more similar to prototype concrete than cement-based mixes. Most importantly, bond slip behavior that is comparable to full-scale concrete could be achieved, something that is vital and has never been reported before.
Testing of small-scale physical models of masonry structures can be useful both to study Soil Structure Interaction problems and to provide large enough datasets to statistically validate the global ...level assumptions of masonry numerical models. This paper proposes the use of a sand-based Binder Jet 3D printer to manufacture 1:10 scaled physical models of masonry walls, that can be used within a centrifuge. As such printers can only print one material, mortar is emulated by controlling the micro-geometry of the printed material at the position of the joints (i.e., by printing joints). Walls were printed and tested in compression and cyclic shear under fixed-fixed conditions and constant compressive load. Different notch geometries were tried. The tested specimens were found to behave similarly in compression and shear to full scale masonry walls. A numerical model using a concrete damage plasticity model was built in Abaqus. It captured the cyclic response of the masonry walls with a reasonable accuracy. Therefore, such small-scale models can be used to expand centrifuge modeling in structural engineering.
•Novel approach for the physical modelling of masonry walls.•Scale 1:10, models to be used in the centrifuge.•Models were manufactured via 3D printers.•Compressive and shear tests showed that they behave similarly to true masonry.
•Adsorption of Ag+, Cu2+, and Co2+ ions on faujasite-type zeolite Y was analyzed.•Physicochemical interpretation of adsorption mechanism was obtained via a physical model.•Characterization of the ...adsorption interactions was performed with DFT and statistical physics.
This work evaluated the potential of a synthesized faujasite-type zeolite Y as an adsorbent for the removal of relevant heavy metals such as silver (Ag+), copper (Cu2+), and cobalt (Co2+). The adsorption data of Ag+, Cu2+, and Co2+ ions were determined experimentally at pH 6 and temperatures of 298, 308, and 318 K. Two theoretical approaches have been applied based on statistical physics modeling and density functional theory (DFT) to understand and characterize the ion exchanges involved in the removal of all metals. Results showed that this zeolite was more efficient for the adsorption of Ag+ via cation-exchange. Based on the physical modelling, the removal of heavy metals on this zeolite was mono and multi-ionic (simple and multi-interactions), where the ions interacted via one and two adsorption sites. It was also noted that the temperature increment generated more available functional groups of the zeolite, facilitating the access to the smaller cavities and the interactions with the adsorbent. Adsorption energies for removing these metals with tested zeolite were slightly endothermic and were consistent with the typical values reported for ion exchange systems of heavy metals + zeolites. DFT results demonstrated that these cationic exchange energies depend on the nature of precursor salt, but with the same ranking. Both statistical and DFT approaches agreed that exchange Ag+ in zeolite Y was easier than Cu2+ and Co2+. Overall, the application of both theoretical approaches provided a reliable interpretation of the adsorption mechanism.
This work reviews the recent progress in physical and mathematical modelling of electrochemically assisted soil remediation processes and focuses especially on those treatments that aim to remove ...organic pollution. It introduces the importance of modelling and simulation, not only to understand, but also to manage more efficiently the remediation of polluted sites. Special emphasis is taken in the information generated in the last five to ten years, trying to shed light on how the understanding of these treatments has improved in this period. To do this, two different sections introduce the main challenges in mathematical and physical modelling, merging in a final section, that shows the expected future trends in electrochemically assisted soil remediation modelling. Regarding physical modelling, the size of the installation used in the study and the novelty of the application of the technology have been used as the key inputs for this review. Regarding mathematical modelling, the inputs used to conduct the review have been the typology of numerical code, the processes included in the model and the way in which the electrolyte is considered in the model. Final remarks highlight the importance that modeling will take in the near future to increase the technology readiness level of these treatments and to promote their massive application to the remediation of polluted sites.
•Need of mathematical and physical modelling to understand deeply soil remediation.•Sizing and novelty of the applications are the two key inputs in physical modelling.•Type of numerical code, processes, and electrolyte as key inputs in mathematical modelling.•Need of modelling to raise the TRL of electrochemically assisted soil remediation.
•Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole and acetaminophen on thin coated adsorbent was reported.•Chemical bonding and electrostatic forces were involved in the pharmaceuticals adsorption.•Adsorption geometry ...of pharmaceuticals was described via physical modelling analysis.
Sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) and acetaminophen (analgesic) are classed as common Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) that have been detected in significant quantities in sewage treatment plants in Malaysia and other countries. Unfortunately, the conventional sewage treatment plants are not effective to reduce the concentrations of these compounds. Therefore, this study introduces a novel Contaminant Emerging Remover (COATER) to face the pollution caused by these CECs. This COATER was formulated using epoxidized neutral rubber (ENR-50) and poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) as binders besides activated carbon as an adsorbent, which was coated on white cotton fabric (substrate) via brushing technique. Characterization analysis of this COATER was performed using SEM-EDX, FTIR and BET quantifications to study the surface chemistry and to obtain insights about the adsorption mechanism. Results of surface morphology analysis showed a good distribution of activated carbon onto the substrate where the surface area and pore volume of the COATER were 64.3 m2/g and 0.07 cm3/g, respectively. Adsorption isotherms of tested CECs on COATER were experimentally quantified at different temperatures. A monolayer adsorption model based on statistical physics was used to understand the adsorption mechanism. Modelling results showed that the adsorption orientation of tested molecules was similar but it could occur a change in the interaction of these pollutants with the adsorption sites of COATER surface during the removal process since this adsorbent contained a variety of functional groups. It was concluded that the adsorption mechanism of tested adsorbates on COATER included pore interaction, chemical bonding and electrostatic forces.
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