U slučajevima temeljenja, u kojima vrijednosti slijeganja i računske otpornosti tla ne zadovoljavaju tražene kriterije, potrebno je poduzeti mjere kako bi se istedoveleunutar prihvatljivih granica. ...Jedna od metoda koje se primjenjuju u takvim slučajevima je poboljšanje tla izvedbom šljunčanih pilota. Njihovom izvedbom stvara se kompozitni sustav sastavljen od tla i šljunčanih stupnjaka, čija su geotehnička svojstva povoljnija u odnosu na netretirano tlo.U fazi projektiranja procjenjuje se vrijednost stupnja poboljšanja tla ostvarenog njihovom ugradnjom. Jedna od dostupnih teorijskihmetoda koja se primjenjuje u izračunavanju stupnja poboljšanja tla je Priebe-ova metoda. Parametar dobiven upotrebom navedene metode, iz kojeg se ocjenjuje rezultira li ugradnja stupnjaka zadovoljavajućim poboljšanjem je konačni stupanj poboljšanja tla „n2“, koji se aplicira na geotehničke parametre čvrstoće i stišljivosti tla.Stupanj poboljšanja tla može se procijeniti i iz rezultata seizmičkih istražnih radova, koji su provedeni prije i nakon izvedenog poboljšanja. U ovom radu analiziran je slučaj temeljenja, u kojem je tlo poboljšano ugradnjom šljunčanih pilota. U svrhu analize njihovog međusobnog odnosa, stupanj poboljšanja određen je za sve slojeve tla primjenom Priebe-ovog postupka, te iz provedenog seizmičkog istraživanja.Glavni cilj ovog rada je istraživanje potencijalne korelacije između stupnja poboljšanja tla dobivenog primjenom teorijskog modela i onog dobivenog iz in-situ istraživanja.
The severe shortage of available sites in highly developed metropolitan areas in Korea necessitates the construction of high-rise buildings which meet the needs of residence and commercial activity ...simultane-ously. These buildings are constructed, in general, using the bearing-wall system for the upper apartments and the frame system for the lower commercial space. The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of this type of building structure. For this purpose, a 1:12 scale 17-story reinforced concrete model structure was constructed according to the similitude law, in which the upper 15 stories have a bearing-wall system while the lower 2 stories consist of a moment-resisting frame system. This model was then subjected to a series of excitations which simulated the Taft N21E accelerogram, whose peak ground acceleration (PGA) was modified to be 0.11g, 0.22g, 0.3g, 0.4g, 0.6g, and 0.8g, respectively. Test results show that the piloti stories experience the shear and overturning deformation simultaneously and that the axial force in the column due to overturning moment can be reasonably predicted by using the UBC-97 load combination while the shear resistance of the column can vary dramatically with variations of the axial forces.
A new seismic retrofitting technique using compressive bracings for existing piloti-type reinforced concrete (R/C) frames has been proposed. The bracing is composed of steel pipes filled with ...high-strength mortar with its ends being able to resist only compressive force. This makes carrying out seismic retrofit easier, lowers the cost, and also minimizes the time spent. A model is proposed in this paper to predict the envelop curve of lateral load versus story drift angle in the strengthened story after employing the compressive bracings. Calculations are presented to predict the axial stiffness and axial strength of the bracing, as well as the bearing strength and the partial bearing stiffness of the beams jointed to the bracing. Comparison between the experimental and theoretical values shows that the theoretical values predict the experimental values reasonably accurate.
On Aviation Day is organizes a show of acrobatics aviation in Costinesti. Interviews with the pilots and the skydivers.
Original language summary:
De ziua aviatiei se organizeza un spectacol de ...acrobatii aviatice la Costinesti. Interviuri cu piloti si parasutisti.
This paper shows the relationship between Core of city and Core of architecture in Tange lab. Tange had interest in ancient Athena and modern mobility under mobilization. After the termination of ...war, Tange lab studied the compassion of city in Tokyo and Core system of government building. They applied to the competition of The Tokyo government building in 1952, and insisted organic synthesis of City and Architecture. On one hand, Tnge lab studied history of core of City, and didn't adopt the scale of Human but the scale of God in Hiroshima peace center. Tange operated the scale of Piloti as the triumphal return gate in Rome because he aimed toward the architecture for 50 thousands people.
It is known that piloti-type structures, which have open space on the groud floor, have an advantage for tsunami hitting because tsunami can pass through the ground floor. There is a basic guideline ...for the design of piloti-type strucures for tsunami forces but detailed information such as tsunami forces acting on the elevator hall or the ceiling is not speculated. Then, the hydraulic physical model tests were performed by using a newly-developed tsunami wave generator. As a result of the physical model tests, the tsunami forces acting on an upper structure significantly decrease compared with general (not piloti-type) structures. It is also found that the observed tsunami forces acting on the piloti structure could become larger than those from the guigeline. It should be noticed that tsunami, which height is somewhat lower than the height of the ground floor, reaches the upper structure and gives the significant tsunami force on the upper structure because the ground structure exists. The uplift force observed on the ceiling in front of the ground structure is much larger than the usual design force on the ceiling of the buildings.
Although a lot of buildings were damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, many buildings with piloti floor weren't destroyed. Thus they are thought to be effective for decreasing tsunami ...wave force. In this study, as a first step to understand tsunami wave force acting on the building with piloti floor, we have carried out physical experiments to investigate tsunami wave force acting on the structure with multiple pillars. We have shown that 1) drag coefficient decreased as Froude number increased for all model condition, 2) model condition (shape of pillar, number of pillars, interval between pillars) affects drag coefficient. We have also classified water surface profile by shape of pillar and Froude number.
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