The Korek and Pirat mountains are two outstanding geomorphic features in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (IKR), forming two anticlines. The two anticlines are separated by the Gulley Ali Beg stream. Both ...anticlines form right-hand en-echelon plunging as the Korek anticlines is concerned. The oldest exposed rocks in the core of both anticlines belong to the Lower Jurassic formations, whereas the Bekhme formation forms the bulk of both anticlines. The Korek anticline includes three domes and its southeastern plunge forms left-hand en-echelon plunge with the Ranya anticline. Whereas, the Pirat anticline includes two long domes with very faint indication. We have interpreted satellite images to indicate different geomorphological forms which are good indication for the lateral growth of the anticlines. Moreover, we have measured different geomorphological and structural aspects; accordingly, we have determined that both anticlines are Detachment Folds.
•Implemented dynamic contact for reactivity control system within toolbox PIRAT.•Dynamic results are similar to quasi-static analysis with additional information.•Various excitation show the effects ...of nonlinearity in dynamic contact modeling.•Realistic modeling of earthquake shows little sensitivity to selected parameters.•Misalignment of guiding sleeves suggests extra research for ensuring reactor safety.
Reactivity Control Systems (i.e., control rods and the associated drive mechanisms) are essential components to ensure the safe operation of nuclear reactors. Their design is particularly challenging during seismic events, due to the large deformations these impose on the core, which have the potential of hindering the insertion of the neutron absorbing material and delaying reactor shutdown. In order to assist the design process, the PIRAT toolbox is currently being developed for analytical based modeling of such systems. The present paper focuses on the development of the dynamic module DEBSE, and its application to Fast Reactor systems. Preliminary computations, based on simplified models and excitation that are progressively enriched to represent realistic situations, emphasize the role of dynamic effects. These computations show both situations where the static analysis is sufficient and insufficient to assess scram reliability due to their conservatism. While there are some issues with the numerical conditioning for this system, the results shows that for the most realistic seismic excitation available, safe shutdown is expected to occur with dynamic amplification occurring after the shutdown. This work also indicates possible causes to the ill-conditioning and what parameters are determined based on expert opinion that can be adjusted to better condition the equations of motion. Overall, this work shows the progress of PIRAT and shows examples of how it can be used for reactivity control system design.
The invisible hook Leeson, Peter T
2009., 20090331, 2009, 2009-03-31, 20090101
eBook
Pack your cutlass and blunderbuss--it's time to go a-pirating! The Invisible Hook takes readers inside the wily world of late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century pirates. With swashbuckling ...irreverence and devilish wit, Peter Leeson uncovers the hidden economics behind pirates' notorious, entertaining, and sometimes downright shocking behavior. Why did pirates fly flags of Skull & Bones? Why did they create a "pirate code"? Were pirates really ferocious madmen? And what made them so successful? The Invisible Hook uses economics to examine these and other infamous aspects of piracy. Leeson argues that the pirate customs we know and love resulted from pirates responding rationally to prevailing economic conditions in the pursuit of profits. The Invisible Hook looks at legendary pirate captains like Blackbeard, Black Bart Roberts, and Calico Jack Rackam, and shows how pirates' search for plunder led them to pioneer remarkable and forward-thinking practices. Pirates understood the advantages of constitutional democracy--a model they adopted more than fifty years before the United States did so. Pirates also initiated an early system of workers' compensation, regulated drinking and smoking, and in some cases practiced racial tolerance and equality. Leeson contends that pirates exemplified the virtues of vice--their self-seeking interests generated socially desirable effects and their greedy criminality secured social order. Pirates proved that anarchy could be organized. Revealing the democratic and economic forces propelling history's most colorful criminals, The Invisible Hook establishes pirates' trailblazing relevance to the contemporary world.
