Maillard reactions lead to changes in food color, organoleptic properties, protein functionality, and protein digestibility. Numerous different strategies for controlling Maillard reactions in foods ...have been attempted during the past decades. In this paper, recent advances in strategies for controlling the Maillard reaction and subsequent downstream reaction products in food systems are critically reviewed. The underlying mechanisms at play are presented, strengths and weaknesses of each strategy are discussed, and reasonable reaction mechanisms are proposed to reinforce the evaluations. The review includes strategies involving addition of functional ingredients, such as plant polyphenols and vitamins, as well as enzymes. The resulting trapping or modification of Maillard targets, reactive intermediates, and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are presented with their potential unwanted side effects. Finally, recent advances in processing for control of Maillard reactions are discussed.
The porous and metal-phenolic networks (MPN)-coated Co3O4@Co/N-doped carbon hollow nanoparticles with rich oxygen vacancy defects were as an efficient multifunctional electrode material for hybrid ...supercapacitors (HSC) coupled with OER.
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•The Co3O4@Co/NC with abundant oxygen defects are synthesized via a facile method.•The samples with large specific surface areas facilitate the diffusion of ions.•The oxygen vacancies promotes charge storage and retains strctural stability.
Reasonable hollow structure design and oxygen vacancy defects control play an important role in the optimization of electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalytic properties. Herein, a plant polyphenol tannic acid was used to etch Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) followed by calcination to prepare a porous Co3O4@Co/NC hollow nanoparticles (Co3O4@Co/NC-HN) with rich oxygen vacancy defects. Owing to the metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), rich oxygen vacancy defects and the synergistic effect between Co3O4 and Co/NC, the box-like Co3O4@Co/NC-HN nanomaterials with large specific surface areas exhibit excellent supercapacitor performance and electrocatalytic activity. As expected, Co3O4@Co/NC-HN shows high specific capacity (273.9 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) and remarkable rate performance. Moreover, the assembled Hybrid supercapacitor (HSC, Co3O4@Co/NC-HN//Active carbon) device obtained a maximum energy density of 57.8 Wh kg−1 (800 W kg−1) and exhibited superior cycle stability of 92.6% after 4000 cycles. Notably, as an electrocatalyst, the nanocomposites exhibit small overpotential and Tafel slope. These results strongly demonstrate that both unique hollow structure and abundant oxygen vacancies designed from plant polyphenols provide superiorities for the synthesis of efficient and green multifunctional electrode materials for energy storage and conversion.
Pickering emulsion have been widely used to encapsulate bioactives with the aim of preventing degradation, improving bioavailability and achieving the effect of slow release. Curcumin (Cur), as a ...bioactive compound, was famous as its excellent beneficial human health functions. However, the low solubility and susceptibility to environmental influences limit the application of Cur. In our previous study, the covalent nanoparticles (sugarcane leaf polyphenols-zein, SGLpZ) with excellent antioxidant capacity were successfully fabricated. In addition, the pickering emulsion stabilized using SGLpZ with significance storage stability and antioxidant properties, which inspired us for Cur delivery application. Therefore, in this study, SZP (pickering emulsion stabilized by SGLpZ) were prepared and were firstly used to delivery Cur evaluation. Results exhibited that the mechanism of excellent stabilization of SZP may be due to the wide range of O/W phase interfaces with SGLpZ, which could be further used as a delivery system for Cur. An in-vitro simulated digestion suggested that SZP provided better protection to Cur under three different conditions (different Na+ concentration, temperatures and UV exposure times), compared to ZZP (pickering emulsion stabilized by zein nanoparticles alone). SZP was able to achieve a slow release of Cur as well as the high bioaccessibility of Cur during the in-vitro simulated digestion. Finally, Cur, Cur-ZZP and Cur-SZP inhibited respectively by 33.20±1.00%, 53.26±0.94% and 71.59±0.14% (p＜0.05) at the Cur concentration of 20 μg/mL in the in-vitro inhibition of AAPH-induced erythrocyte hemolysis assay. The study indicated that the pickering emulsion stabilized by SGLpZ was a reliable Cur delivery system and provided a novel idea of food material application for bioacitive substances delivery.
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•A green-sustainable pickering emulsion stabilized by Sugarcane leaf polyphenols-Zein nanoparticles was firstly prepared.•Cur-SZP for better results compared with curcumin and Cur-ZZP in three different external environments.•Cur-SZP achieved slow release and improved bioavailability of curcumin in in-vitro digestion.•The inhibitory effect of Cur-SZP on hemolysis of red blood cells was studied.
The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of ...which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.
The term varicose vein refers to the twisted and swollen vein visible under the skin surface which occurs most commonly in the leg. Epidemiological studies report a varying percentage of incidences ...from 2 to 56% in men and <1–60% in women. Venous insufficiency is most often caused by the damage to the valves and walls of the veins. The mechanism of varicose vein formation is complex. It is, however, based on hypotensive blood vessels, hypoxia, and other mechanisms associated with inflammation. This work describes mechanisms related to the formation and development of the varicose vein. It discusses risk factors, pathogenesis of chronic venous disease, markers of the epithelial and leukocyte activation, state of hypoxia and inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, this paper describes substances of plant origin used in the treatment of venous insufficiency. It also considers the structure of the molecules, their properties, and their mechanisms of action, the structure-activity relationship and chemical properties of flavonoids and other substances. The flavonoids include quercetin derivatives, micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon), natural pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), and others such as triterpene saponine, extracts from Ruscus aculeatus and Centella asiatica, Ginkgo biloba extract, coumarin dereivatives that are used in chronic venous insufficiency. Flavonoids are natural substances found in plants, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and others. They are important to the circulatory system and critical to blood vessels and the blood flow. Additionally, they have antioxidant, antiinflammatory properties.
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•Chronic oxidative stress and lower antioxidant defense are present in varicose vein.•The inflammation shown in varicose vein blood influences the blood flow.•Antioxidants such as flavonoids improve endothelial homeostasis.•Flavonoids are plant origin chemicals effective in treatment of varicose veins.
Introduction: White Spot Lesion (WSL) is one of the major iatrogenic effect at the end of treatment that might reduce both patient’s and orthodontist’s satisfaction in otherwise promising treatment ...results. Flaxseed and Aloe Vera (AV) have been used as phytotherapeutic agents because of inherent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and healing properties. They were considered in this study for their effectiveness in remineralisation of WSL. Aim: To evaluate and compare the remineralisation potential of organic flaxseed paste, Aloe Vera gel and fluoride toothpaste on artificially created white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets using Vicker’s microhardness assessment, spectrophotometry and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: This experimental in-vitro study was undertaken in Department of Orthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, in October 2020. Forty eight extracted premolar teeth were exposed to demineralising solution for 48 hours in-vitro and randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1- untreated control, group 2- treated with flaxseed paste, group 3- treated with Aloe Vera gel and group 4-treated with fluoride toothpaste. All groups except control were treated with their respective remineralising paste for 28 days. Vicker’s Microhardness Number (VHN) and spectrophotometric values (∆L, ∆a, ∆b, ∆E) were evaluated for normal enamel, WSL, remineralisation after 14 and 28 days. The surface characteristics were analysed using SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test was for pairwise comparison between groups with significance level p≤0.05. Results: Total of 48 extracted teeth were treated and analysed in their respective groups after 28 days. Aloe Vera gel showed highest surface microhardness (SMH) (144.09±6.05 VHN) and has statistically significant difference (p<0.001) compared to flaxseed paste (125.28±3.75 VHN) and then the fluoride toothpaste (121.20±5.12 VHN). There was no significant difference (p-value=0.31) between flaxseed paste and fluoride toothpaste. Significant (p-value=0.05) ∆E changes were observed in groups treated with flaxseed paste (16.39) and fluoride toothpaste (15.08) after 28 days. SEM verified mineral gain in all three treatment groups. Conclusion: All the three groups increased mineral gain. Aloe Vera gel showed promising results by significantly remineralising WSLs. Flaxseed paste and fluoride toothpaste had SMH recovery which was lesser than Aloe Vera gel but, these two groups significantly improved the colour of WSL.
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•The interaction between TP and soil Fe-minerals could improve PDS activation.•TP could accelerate the redox cycling of soil Fe(II)/Fe(III).•Insoluble Fe(II) works as a major ...catalytic active site.•Both free ROS and surface-bound ROS contributed to TPHP degradation.•SOM is the main inhibitor of TPHP degradation in TP-soil-PDS system.
Peroxydisulfate-based in-situ chemical oxidation (PDS-ISCO) is a promising technology for soil remediation. The weak potential of soil constituents for PDS decomposition results in the low degradation efficiency of soil contaminants. Herein, we propose a new soil remediation strategy by accelerating the activation efficiency of PDS using chelating and reducing reagents (CRs) to complex and reduce soil Fe-minerals. Experimental results demonstrated that the introduction of tea polyphenols (TP) into soil-PDS system could effectively improve the reduction of Fe-minerals and the degradation of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in soil. With increasing TP concentration from 0 to 40 mM, the degradation efficiency of TPHP increased from 10.8% to 58.6% in an upland soil (T1 soil). TP could directly complex and reduce the solid-phase Fe-minerals, leading to a significant increase of Fe(II) content, especially the insoluble Fe(II) content, which could further induce the PDS activation. Results of radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, and kinetic solvent isotope effect (KSIE) evaluation showed that sulfate radicals (SO4•−, especially surface-bound SO4•−), hydroxyl radicals (HO•, especially surface-bound HO•), and singlet oxygen (1O2) played major roles in TPHP degradation, with the estimated contributions of 39.03%, 43.99%, and 16.98%, respectively. The higher content of high active Fe fractions, such as amorphous Fe, the larger yields of Fe(II) species and TPHP degradation. Increased content of soil organic matter (SOM) and pH value from 2.5 to 8.0 may reduce TPHP degradation. The effects of inorganic anions and Mn-minerals, presented in natural soil, on TPHP degradation were very limited. Simulated in-situ soil remediation using soil column confirmed that this strategy is suitable for the large-scale remediation of contaminated soil.
•Low glycemic index (GI) noodles may be beneficial for weight-control and diabetes.•Soluble dietary fiber can effectively reduce the GI of normal noodles.•Plant polyphenols reduce the GI of noodles ...by inhibiting digestive enzyme activity.•Low GI noodles may obtain acceptable sensory properties with optimized formulation.
The consumption of noodles with a high glycemic index (GI) can affect health, prompting the need for dietary adjustments to manage abnormal blood glucose levels. This review delves into recent progress in low GI noodles and their potential effect for human well-being. Diverse approaches, encompassing the incorporation of soluble dietary fiber, modified starches, proteins, and plant polyphenols, have shown encouraging outcomes in diminishing the GI of noodles. Furthermore, variations in processing, storage, and cooking techniques can influence the GI of noodles, yielding both positive and negative impacts on their glycemic response. Soluble dietary fiber, protein cross-linkers, and plant polyphenols play a pivotal role in reducing the GI of noodles by hindering the interaction between digestive enzymes and starch, thereby curbing enzymatic activity. Future research spotlighting ingredients, processing methodologies, and the underlying mechanisms of low GI noodles will contribute substantively to the development of functional foods boosting enhanced nutritional profiles.
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