Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (PLODs) are a set of enzymes involved in the hydroxylation of lysine and stabilization of collagen by crosslinks. Previous studies have highlighted ...that overexpressing PLOD genes were related to the progression, migration and progression of different human cancers. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of PLOD genes remain to be elucidated in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we mined the expression and survival data in GC patients through ONCOMINE, UALCAN and Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. STRING portal couple with DAVID was used to establish a functional protein interaction network of PLOD family genes and analyze the GO and KEGG enriched pathways. Differential gene expression correlated with PLOD family genes was identified with LinkedOmics. We found that PLOD1, 2 and 3 were up-regulated in GC patients compared with normal tissues. High expression levels of PLOD1 and PLOD3 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), first progression (FP) and post progression survival (PPS) while high expression level of PLOD2 was only associated with shorter FP in all GC patients. Specifically, only high PLOD2 expression had significant correlation with shorter OS, FP and PPS in the diffuse type GC patients. Furthermore, combinatorial use of expressions of all PLOD genes was a superior prognostic indicator for GC patients. Pathway analysis confirmed that PLOD family genes mainly participate in regulating the collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix constitution, and the cellular adaptor protein SHC1, which helps to transduce an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal, could be the regulatory module mediating PLOD's effect on GC. Therefore, we propose that individual PLOD genes or PLOD family genes as a whole could be potential prognostic biomarkers for GC.
Monkeypox is an orthopoxvirus that is spreading rapidly globally. Gaps in current clinical testing availability and the lag from infection to symptoms suggest the potential utility of ...wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to monitor community level spread and prevalence. Here, we estimate the distributions of Monkeypox DNA wastewater concentrations based upon prior shedding reports and use Monte Carlo modeling to estimate the probability of detection in wastewater. Stool shedding drives total Monkeypox DNA wastewater concentrations, with a median daily shedding of 7.78 log10 genome copies (GC) per infected individual. Using a process limit of detection of 1.0 log10 GC/L, the average United States wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) could feasibly detect 7 infections out of 100 000 people. The UK, Spain, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have respective minimum infection rates of 54.7%, 44.5%, 3.1%, and 8.0% that of the US due to decreased median per capita wastewater flow rates. We also develop a strategy to select the number of replicate PCR assays based upon expected case rates to optimize sewage Monkeypox detection. This model demonstrates a framework to evaluate WBE applications without the associated laboratory expense and highlights the key need for improved shedding data to develop robust WBE programs and interpretation of results.
Na području Gornjeg Međimurja kultura jabuke ima dugu i slavnu tradiciju. U uzgoju je proširen velik broj domaćih i udomaćenih sorti. Tome su pridonijeli povoljni ekološki uvjeti i širenje sortimenta ...iz Republičkog voćno-loznog rasadnika Vukanovec. Za oplemenjivanje jabuke potrebno je imati bogatu germoplazmu i poznavati biološka i gospodarska svojstva sorti. U radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja kemijskog sastava i kvalitete plodova 40 sorti. Istraživanja su obuhvatila: suhu tvar, topivu suhu tvar, ukupne šećere, ukupne kiseline, pH vrijednost i ocjenu kvalitete po Thiault indeksu. Od sorti su obuhvaćene: Ananas reneta, Baumanova reneta, Batulemka, Bijela zimska tafetica, Bjeličnik, Blenheimska, Bobovac, Boskoop, Božićnica, Cox's orange, Crvena jesenska rebrača, Danciška rebrača, Funtača, Golden Delicious, Gravenstein, Harbertova reneta, Jonathan, Kanadska reneta, Kaselska reneta, Krivopeteljka, Landzberška reneta, Laška trdika, London pepping, Ljepocvjetka, Mašanka, Ontario, Ovčji nos, Parker pepping, Ramburka, Red Delicious, Ribston pepping, Siva francuska reneta, Siva jesenska reneta, Starking, Stožerka, Šampanjska reneta, Šarlamovski, Zeleni štetinac, Zlatna zimska parmenka, i Željeznika. U odnosu na: suhu tvar (%), topivu suhu tvar (%), ukupne šećere (%), količinu kiseline (g/l) i Thiaultov indeks podijeljene su sorte u skupine. Najveću suhu tvar (iznad 17%) imaju sorte: Blenheimska, Boskoop, Harbertova reneta, Kanadska reneta, Parker pepping, Ribston pepping, Siva francuska reneta i Siva jesenska reneta. Najveću topivu suhu tvar (iznad 15%) imaju sorte: Baumanova reneta, Harbertova reneta, Kaselska reneta, Landzberška, Bobovac, Ljepocvjetka, Božićnica, Danciška rebrača i Batulemka. Najviše šećera (od 13 - 15%) sadrže sorte: Blenheimska, Siva jesenska reneta, Siva francuska, Ribston pepping, Parker pepping, Boskoop, Kanadska reneta, Harbertova reneta, Ljepocvjetka, Zlatna zimska parmenka, Golden Delicious i Mašanka. Najviše kiseline (preko 7 g/l) sadrže sorte: Bjeličnik, Ontario, Boskoop, Crvena jesenska rebrača, Kanadska reneta, Laška trdika, Mašanka i Stožerka. Najbolju kvalitetu (Thiault indeks iznad 170) imaju sorte: Ribston pepping, Siva jesenska reneta, Parker pepping, Boskoop, Siva francuska reneta, Kanadska reneta i Crvena jesenska rebrača.
In the area Gornje Međimurje apple culture has a long and famous tradition. Growth has been extended to a large number of domestic and old fashioned varieties. This has contributed to favorable ecological conditions and the expansion of the variety from the Vukanovec republican fruit nursery. For apple breading it is necessary to have rich germplasm and to know the properties of varieties. The paper presents the results of the research of the chemical compositions of 40 varieties, including dry matter, soluble dry matter, total sugar, acidity, pH value and quality score of the Thiault index Among varieties are: Ananas Renette, Bauman's Renette, Batulemapfel, Belle Fleur, White Winter Tafetapfel, Yellow Transparent, Blenheimere, Grosse Rheinischer Bohnapfel, Boskoop, Roter Haslinger, Cox's Orange, Red Autumn Kantapfel, Danziger Kantapfel, Funtacha, Golden Delicious, Gravenstein, Harbert's Renette, Jonathan, Renette du Canada, Grosse Kaseler Renette, Rheinischer Krummstiel, Landzberger Renette, Laška Trdika, London Pepping, Steirische Maschanzker, Ontario, Schafsnase, Parker Pepping, Red Delicious, Ribston Pepping, Renette Grise Francaise, Renette Grise Automne, Geflamanter Kardinal, Rambur, Renette de Champagne, Željeznika, Reine de Reinette, Gruner Stettiner, Charlamowsky and Starking. The fruits of the following varieties have the highest content of dry matter (above 17%): Blenheimere, Boskoop, Harbert’s Renette, Renette du Canada, Parker Pepping, Ribston Pepping, Renette Grise Francaise, Renette Grise Automne. The fruits of the following varieties have the highest soluble dry matter (above 15%): Baunab’s Renette, Harbert’s Renette, Grosse Kaseler Renette, Landzberger Renette, Roter Haslinger, Danziger Kantapfel, and Batulemapfel. Highest amount of sugar (13 - 15%) contain fruits of varieties: Blenheimere, Renette Grise Automne, Ribston Pepping, Parker Pepping, Boskoop, Renette du Canada, Harbert’s Renette, Belle Fleur, Reine de Reinette, Golden Delicious, and Steirische Maschanzker. Most acids (over 7 g/l) contain varieties:
Yellow Transparent, Boskoop, Red Autumn Kantapfel, Renette du Canada, Laška Trdika, Steirische Maschanzker and Geflamanter Kardinal. The varieties that have the best quality (Thiault index above 170) are: Ribston Pepping, Renette Grise d’Automne, Parker Pepping, Boskoop, Renette Grise Francaise, and Renette du Canada.
You have the right to remain silent Race, Leanne; Hogue, Todd E
Police journal (Chichester),
03/2018, Letnik:
91, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Action on Hearing Loss explain that 11 million people within the UK are affected by hearing loss and this is expected to rise to 15.6 million by 2035 (Action on Hearing Loss, 2016). In 2011, a ...Strategic Command Course publication for Sign Health stated that services for D/deaf people within the criminal justice system needed improving and advised increasing the number of regional Police Link Officer for the Deaf (PLOD) schemes within police forces (Walton et al., 2011). This paper describes a study that used a questionnaire survey to investigate levels of D/deaf awareness amongst Police Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and police officers and their attitudes towards D/deafness, as well as their specific awareness relating to PLOD schemes. The D/deaf community were also surveyed to assess their communication preferences when liaising with the police and their previous experiences of police contact. Eighteen PCCs, 75 police officers and 15 members of the D/deaf community were included in the analysis. Results found a lack of awareness amongst all participants regarding PLOD schemes, differences between communication methods being used and those that are preferred, with only 11% of respondents from the D/deaf community reporting their experience with the police as ‘good’. The study also found a significant correlation between police officer participation in a D/deaf awareness courses and improved attitudes towards D/deafness. It is evident that policies exist to enhance the quality and accessibility of services for D/deaf people, but what remains to be explored is the availability and awareness of existing provisions.
Warmblood fragile foal syndrome (WFFS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a single nucleotide variant in the
gene (PLOD1:c.2032G>A, p.Gly678Arg). Homozygosity for the PLOD1 variant causes ...an Ehler-Danlos-like syndrome, which has to date only been reported in warmblood breeds but the WFFS allele has been also detected in the Thoroughbred. To investigate the breed distribution of the WFFS allele, 4081 horses belonging to 38 different breeds were screened. In total, 4.9% of the horses representing 21 breeds carried the WFFS allele. The affected breeds were mainly warmbloods, with carrier frequency as high as 17% in the Hanoverian and Danish Warmblood. The WFFS allele was not detected in most non-warmblood breeds. Exceptions include WFFS carriers in the Thoroughbred (17/716), Haflinger (2/48), American Sport Pony (1/12), and Knabstrupper (3/46). The origin of the WFFS allele remains unknown. The Arabian breed and specifically the stallion Bairactar Or. Ar. (1813), whose offspring were reported to have a similar phenotype in the 19th century, were hypothesized as the origin. DNA from a museum sample of Bairactar Or. Ar. showed that he did not carry the mutated allele. This result, together with the genotypes of 302 Arabians, all homozygous for the reference allele, does not support an Arabian origin of the WFFS allele. Our extensive survey shows the WFFS allele to be of moderate frequency and concern in warmbloods and also in breeds where it may not be expected.
Accumulating evidence has implicated members of the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase (PLOD) gene family, PLOD1, PLOD2, and PLOD3, in cancer progression and metastasis. However, their ...expression, prognostic value, and mechanisms underlying their roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not yet been reported. We downloaded PLOD data for LUAD and normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). PLOD1-3 protein expression was evaluated using the Clinical Proteomics Tumor Analysis Consortium and Human Protein Atlas. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING software. The "ClusterProfiler" package was used for functional-enrichment analysis. The relationship between PLOD mRNA expression and immune infiltration was analyzed using the Tumor Immunity Assessment Resource and Tumor Immune System Interaction Database. The expression of PLODs in LUAD tissues was significantly upregulated compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. PLOD mRNA overexpression is associated with lymph node metastasis and high TNM staging. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that when the cut-off level was 6.073, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD1 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 84.4, 79.7, and 82.6%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD2 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 81.0, 98.3, and 68.0%, respectively, at a cut-off value of 4.360. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PLOD3 in distinguishing LUAD from adjacent controls were 69.0, 86.4, and 52.0%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 5.499. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that LUAD patients with high PLODs had a worse prognosis than those with low PLODs. Correlation analysis showed that PLOD mRNA expression was related to immune infiltration and tumor purity. Upregulation of PLOD expression was significantly associated with poor survival and immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Our research shows that PLOD family members have potential as novel biomarkers for poor prognosis and as potential immunotherapy targets for LUAD.
Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenases (PLODs) are a group of enzymes that can mediate the hydroxylation of lysyl to hydroxylysine and participate in the formation of stabilized collagen. ...Evidence has demonstrated that PLODs are involved in the steps of tumor progression, including proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, limited information is available on the function of PLOD1/2/3 in lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic values of PLODs in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).
The Oncomine database and UALCAN were used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of PLOD family members in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prognostic values of PLODs were investigated by the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. We collected 33 patients with lung cancer to further verify the expression profiles and prognostic values of PLODs. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival curves, and the log-rank test was performed to evaluate the differences in survival. According to the GSE31210 databset, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify whether PLODs were independent prognostic indicators for survival. Meanwhile, we investigated the mutations, potential biological functions and immune relevance of PLODs on the basis of the cBioPortal, Metascape and TIMER databases respectively.
We found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PLODs in NSCLC tissues were higher than those in normal lung tissues. High PLOD1/2/3 expression had significant relevance to poor survival in LUAD but not in LUSC. In addition, the GSE31210 dataset showed that PLOD1 and PLOD3 were independent risk factors for relapse-free survival and overall survival (OS) in LUAD. We observed a high alteration rate of PLODs in LUSC patients, and the genetic alterations of PLODs had significant relevance to favorable OS. Furthermore, we observed that PLODs were significantly associated with tumor immunity in lung cancer. The enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway showed that the functions of the PLODs focused on cell cycle, DNA replication, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in LUAD.
These results indicated that PLODs were highly expressed in lung cancer and may be suitable prognostic markers.
U radu je prikazana morfološka varijabilnost ploda 25 populacija javora klena (
Acer campestre
L.) na području Bosne i Hercegovine. Morfometrijsko istraživanje unutar- i među-populacijske ...varijabilnosti provedeno je na temelju 10 morfoloških značajki ploda, pri čemu su korištene deskriptivne i univarijatne statističke analize. Provedenim istraživanjem najmanje varijabilnim značajkama pokazale su se varijable koje opisuju oblik ploda, sa najmanjom varijabilnošću kod značajke odnos širine i dužine sjemenke. Za razliku od toga, za mjerene značajke ploda utvrđeni su viši koeficijenti varijacije. Najvarijabilnija značajka ploda u javora klena bila je dužina stapčice ploda. Najdivergentnije populacije obuhvaćene ovim istraživanjem bile su populacija Trebinje i populacija Rogatica. Za populaciju Trebinje utvrđene su minimalne srednje vrijednosti za pet od devet analiziranih značajki ploda, a za populaciju Rogatica maksimalne srednje vrijednosti za pet od devet analiziranih značajki. Analizom varijance ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike između populacija za sve analizirane značajke. Isto tako, istraživanjem je utvrđeno da je unutarpopulacijska varijabilnost veća od međupopulacijske varijabilnosti za većinu istraživanih značajki. Odstupanje od tog pravila pokazuje varijabla F4 (dužina krilca ploda bez sjemenke) gdje komponenta varijance na međupopulacijskoj i unutarpopulacijskoj razini zauzima podjednak udio u ukupnoj varijanci. Provedena istraživanja morfološke varijabilnosti ploda javora klena u Bosni i Hercegovini predstavljaju pionirska istraživanja ove vrste, a dobiveni rezultati, temeljeni na morfometrijskoj analizi morfoloških značajki plodova, mogu poslužiti kao temelj za daljnja istraživanja.
We researched the morphological variability of 25 populations of field maple (
Acer campestre
L.) in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Morphometric research of intrapopulation and interpopulation variability was based on ten morphological traits of the fruit, using descriptive and univariate statistical analyses. Measured trait of fruit petiole length showed the highest variability and calculated characteristic proportion of width and length of seed showed the lowest variability. Measured traits of fruit were more variable than calculated traits, suggesting less variation in shape than the size of fruits. By analysing variance, we found statistically significant differences between populations in all analysed fruit traits. However, for most traits (eight out of nine), there was a higher intrapopulation than interpopulation variability. The obtained results can serve as a basis for further research in other parts of the species distribution range, with the aim of determining the interaction of ecological, geographical, climatic and migration factors on the overall morphological variability of field maple populations.
Pozadina istraživanja. Niske temperature tijekom skladištenja uzrokuju oštećenja ploda šljive (Prunus domestica L.), stoga je od interesa obraditi ih na način da se ublaže ti simptomi. Iz tog razloga ...smo šljive sorte „Stanley“ tretirali fenilalaninom. Glavna je svrha ovog istraživanja bila ispitati utjecaj vanjske primjene fenilalanina na kakvoću ploda, toleranciju na niske temperature i antioksidacijski kapacitet šljive sorte „Stanley“ tijekom skladištenja pri niskim temperaturama. Rezultati i zaključci. Obrada fenilalaninom povećala je antioksidacijski kapacitet i aktivnost enzima fenilalanin-amonij-lijaza (PAL), što je znatno ublažilo oštećenja ploda šljive pri niskim temperaturama. Voće tretirano fenilalaninom imalo je veće masene udjele askorbinske kiseline, antocijanina, flavonoida i fenola, te veću antioksidacijsku aktivnost od kontrolnih uzoraka tijekom skladištenja pri niskim temperaturama. Fenilalanin pri koncentraciji od 7,5 mM je u najvećoj mjeri povećao aktivnost PAL i akumulaciju fenolnih spojeva, te umanjio oštećenja ploda pri niskim temperaturama. Obradom fenilalaninom usporen je gubitak mase i održana čvrstoća ploda. Osim toga, povećala se aktivnost antioksidacijskih enzima (superoksid dismutaze, katalaze i askorbat peroksidaze), smanjila akumulacija vodikovog peroksida, te povećao udjel prolina. Uz to, fenilalanin je očuvao integritet stanične stijenke, što se očitovalo u smanjenju gubitka elektrolita i akumulacije malondialdehida. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. U ovom je radu utvrđena pozitivna korelacija između oštećenja pri niskim temperaturama i aktivnosti PAL i antioksidacijskih enzima. Međutim, opažena je negativna korelacija između oštećenja pri niskim temperaturama i masenog udjela askorbinske kiseline te antioksidacijskog kapaciteta. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate, možemo zaključiti da obrada fenilalaninom može ublažiti oštećenja plodova i očuvati kakvoću šljiva tijekom skladištenja pri niskim temperaturama.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used as an abortifacient and to treat constipation, oedema, bacterial infections, cancer and diabetes. ...Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant showed the presence of large amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. Subsequent quantification showed the presence of 0.74% (m/m) phenolics (calculated as gallic acid) and 0.13% (m/m) flavonoids calculated as catechin equivalents per 100 g of fresh mass. The presence of phenolic compounds prompted us to evaluate its antioxidant activity. In the present study, methanolic fruit extract of C. colocynthis was screened to evaluate its freeradical scavenging effect. The highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability of the fruit extract was observed at a concentration of 2500 μg mL-1.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (Cucurbitaceae) je ljekovita biljka koja se tradicionalno upotrebljava kao abortiv i za liječenje konstipacije, edema, bakterijskih infekcija, karcinoma i dijabetesa. Preliminarno fitokemijsko pretraživanje ukazalo je na prisutnost velikih količina fenola i flavonoida. Udio fenola bio je 0,74% (preračunato na galnu kiselinu), a flavonoida 0,13% preračunato na ekvivalente katehina na 100 g svježe mase. Zbog prisutnosti fenolnih spojeva ispitivano je antioksidativno djelovanje i sposobnost hvatanja slobodnih radikala metanolnog ekstrakta plodova. Koncentracija 2500 μg mL-1 imala je najjači učinak.
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