Višnja maraska (Prunus cerasus var. Marasca) jedna je od najznačajnijih voćnih vrsta Dalmacije, još od 16 stoljeća od kada datira i proizvodnja poznatog likera Maraschino. Areal rasprostranjenosti ...maraske ograničen je uglavnom na dio područja sjeverne i srednje Dalmacije od Zadra do Makarske, gdje klima i tlo omogućuju postizanje visoke kvalitete ploda i specifične arome. Provedena istraživanja imala su za cilj utvrditi fizikalno-kemijske parametre (ukupnu suhu tvar, vodotopivu suhu tvar, ukupnu kiselost, udio mesa i koštica), ukupne polifenole i antocijane te antioksidativni kapacitet u plodu višnje maraske u dvije klimatski različite godine (2012 i 2013), na plantaži „Vlačine“ (Zadar). Značajno veće vrijednosti ukupne suhe tvari, ukupnih polifenola i antioksidativnog kapaciteta utvrđene su u 2012., dok su veće vrijednosti ukupnih kiselina i antocijana utvrđene u 2013. godini, što se može dovesti u svezu s većim količinama oborina i nižim temperaturama u fazi zriobe plodova u 2013. godini. Značajno niže vrijednosti antocijana u 2012. u odnosu na 2013. godinu mogu se objasniti ekstremno visokim temperaturama u fazi zriobe u 2012. godini, koje prema literaturnim navodima mogu smanjiti količinu antocijana i do 90 %. U obje godine istraživanja utvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između ukupnih polifenola i antocijana, što potvrđuje činjenicu da su antocijani dominantni polifenolni spojevi u plodu maraske.
During infection or certain metabolic disorders, neutrophils can escape from blood vessels, invade and attach to other tissues. The invasion and adhesion of neutrophils is accompanied and maintained ...by their own secretion. We have previously found that adhesion of neutrophils to fibronectin dramatically and selectively stimulates the release of the free amino acid hydroxylysine. The role of hydroxylysine and lysyl hydroxylase in neutrophil adhesion has not been studied, nor have the processes that control them. Using amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry and electron microscopy, we found that the lysyl hydroxylase inhibitor minoxidil, the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor doxycycline, the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors wortmannin and the Akt1/2 inhibitor and drugs that affect the actin cytoskeleton significantly and selectively block the release of hydroxylysine and partially or completely suppress spreading of neutrophils. The actin cytoskeleton effectors and the Akt 1/2 inhibitor also increase the phenylalanine release. We hypothesize that hydroxylysine release upon adhesion is the result of the activation of lysyl hydroxylase in interaction with matrix metalloproteinase, the PI3K/Akt pathway and intact actin cytoskeleton, which play important roles in the recruitment of neutrophils into tissue through extracellular matrix remodeling.
U radu je istraživana morfološka varijabilnost plodova šest prirodnih populacija pitomog kestena (
Castanea sativa
Mill.) na području Bosne i Hercegovine (Bužim, Kostajnica, Prijedor, Banja Luka, ...Bratunac i Konjic). Na osnovi šest morfoloških svojstava ploda i šest izvedenih vrijednosti te boje ploda, ispitana je unutarpopulacijska i međupopulacijska varijabilnost. Utvrđeno je da su istraživana morfološka svojstva vrlo varijabilna i da se vrijednosti koeficijenta varijabilnosti, na razini svih populacija, kreću od 10,80% (kod širine ploda) do 34,54 % (kod mase ploda). Za izvedena svojstva koeficijent varijabilnosti kretao se od 9,62 % (za odnos visine ploda i širine ploda) do 20,46 % (kod odnosa širine i dužine ožiljka). U populacijama pitomog kestena Bosne i Hercegovine zastupljene su sve boje ploda (perikarpa), s time da preovladava tipična smeđa kestenjasta boja ploda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na visoku varijabilnost istraživanih populacija, te se populacije međusobno statistički značajno razlikuju za sva istraživana svojstva. Prema klasterskoj analizi populacije su grupirane u tri klastera. Međutim, kanonička diskriminacijska analiza nije ukazala na jasno razdvajanje ispitivanih populacija u više grupa. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi uključiti i druga svojstva, a posebno molekularne biljege.
The European sweet chestnut (
Castanea sativa
Mill.) is the only native species of the genus
Castanea
in Europe. The sweet chestnut has a remarkable multipurpose character, and may be managed for timber production as well as for fruit production, including a broad range of secondary products and ecosystem services. Chestnut in Bosnia and Herzegovina is mainly located in the northwest Una-Sana Canton, east (Bratunac and Srebrenica) and south (Konjic and Jablanica) where grows within the forest. In B&H European sweet chestnut is a species which is not paid enough attention and it is one of the rarest and critically endangered tree species. The variability of sweet chestnut fruits in six natural populations in B&H using a morphometric analysis was investigated.
The samples of sweet chestnut for this study were collected from the six separate gographic localites in B&H (Figure 1) in year 2012. The populations were represented with 10 trees each and each tree with 20 fruits. A total of 1200 fruits and 13 morphological characteristic were analyzed. Fruits morphological characteristics were described by descriptive statistical indicators: arithmetic mean (), standard deviation (Sd), coefficient of variation (Cv) (Table 1 and 2). In order to determine the intrapopulation and interpopulation variability the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed (Table 3).
Results obtained by statistical analysis of studied morphological characteristics of chestnut fruits showed that the most variable characteristic is the weight of the fruit (Cv = 34,5 %). Medium values of fruit weight of analyzed samples was within a range from 4,38 to 5,77 g (average 4,93). Lower variability coefficients are propere to the width (Cv = 10,8 %) and height of the fruit (Cv=13,15%). In B&H populations prevails typical brown chestnut color of the fruit. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed presence of statistically significant differences by all studied characteristics on both inter- and intra-population level. According to cluster analysis studied populations are agglomerated in three clusters (Figure 3.). However, this was not confirmed by canonical discrimination analyzis (Figure 4), by three populations formed core within well defined data claud. We assume that differences between results of two methods are probably based on the fact that cannonical discrminate analysis include information about variability within population in the process which cluster analysis does not.
High variability in populations is very important for the conservation of genetic pool of the species. For a complete knowledge on the variability of European sweet chestnut in a part of the natural area the research should be expanded by the use of molecular markers.
The Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by ocular, craniofacial, and umbilical defects. Patients have mutations in PITX2, a paired-bicoid homeobox gene, also involved in ...left/right polarity determination. In this study we have identified a family of genes for enzymes responsible for hydroxylizing lysines in collagens as one group of likely cognate targets of PITX2 transcriptional regulation. The mouse procollagen lysyl hydroxylase (Plod)-2 gene was enriched for by chromatin precipitation using a PITX2/Pitx2-specific antibody. Plod-2, as well as the human PLOD-1 promoters, contains multiple bicoid (PITX2) binding elements. We show these elements to bind PITX2 specifically in vitro. The PLOD-1 promoter induces the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in the presence of PITX2 in cotransfection experiments. The Rieger syndrome causing PITX2 mutant T68P fails to induce PLOD-1-luciferase. Mutations and rearrangements in PLOD-1 are known to be prevalent in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliosis type (type VI EDVI). Several of the same organ systems are involved in Rieger syndrome and EDVI.
Pituitary homeobox 2 (PITX2) is a homeodomain transcription factor that has a substantial role in cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues. In this report, we have conducted a ...systematic study, using proteomic and genomic approaches, to characterize PITX2-interacting proteins and PITX2-regulating genes. We identified four novel PITX2-associated protein partners Y box binding factor-1, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K, nucleolin and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U in mass spectrometry analysis. We also found that overexpression of PITX2 upregulated 868 genes (2–25-fold) and downregulated 191 genes (2–15-fold) in DNA microarray analysis. These data provide an insightful perspective for further studying PITX2 function and mechanism of action.
MINT-
6823857:
PITX2 (uniprotkb:
Q99697)
physically interacts (MI:
0218) with
hnRNP K (uniprotkb:
P61978),
YB-1 (uniprotkb:
P67809),
Nucleolin (uniprotkb:
P19338) and
hnRNP U (uniprotkb:
Q00839) by
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:
0007)
MINT-
6823877:
PITX2 (uniprotkb:
Q99697)
physically interacts (MI:
0218) with
beta catenin (uniprotkb:
P35222),
hnRNP U (uniprotkb:
Q00839),
Nucleolin (uniprotkb:
P19338),
YB-1 (uniprotkb:
P67809) and
hnRNP K (uniprotkb:
P61978) by
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:
0007)
MINT-
6823902:
YB-1 (uniprotkb:
P67809)
physically interacts (MI:
0218) with
PITX2 (uniprotkb:
Q99697) by
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:
0006)
The lysyl hydroxylase (LH) family of enzymes has important roles in the biosynthesis of collagen. In this paper we present the first description of Drosophila LH3 (dPlod), the only lysyl hydroxylase ...encoded in the fly genome. We have characterised in detail the developmental expression patterns of dPlod RNA and protein during embryogenesis. Consistent with its predicted function as a collagen-modifying enzyme, we find that dPlod is highly expressed in type-IV collagen-producing cells, particularly the haemocytes and fat body. Examination of dPlod subcellular localisation reveals that it is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein, that partially overlaps with intracellular type-IV collagen. Furthermore, we show that dPlod is required for type-IV collagen secretion from haemocytes and fat body, and thus establish that LH3 enzyme function is conserved across widely separated animal phyla. Our findings, and the new tools we describe, establish the fly as an attractive model in which to study this important collagen biosynthesis enzyme.
U članku se raspravlja o istrorumunjskim nazivima koji se tiču stabla
i ploda masline. Obuhvaćeni su nazivi iz svih mjesta u kojima se još
uvijek govori istrorumunjski. Termini su leksikološki i ...etimološki
obrađeni. Ako je riječ o hrvatskim posuđenicama, svaka se
uspoređuje sa sličnim nazivima u čakavskim govorima, a ako se radi
o domaćem elementu, on se dovodi u svezu s oblicima u preostala
tri rumunjska dijalekta (dačkorumunjski, arumunjski i
meglenorumunjski). U obzir se uzimaju oblici cijele istočne
jadranske obale što jesu s obzirom na kretanje Istrorumunja u
povijesti opravdano ne bi li se utvrdilo je li pojedini oblik
Istrorumunji preuzeli tek u Istri ili su ga donijeli iz Cetinske krajine.
Na kraju svakoga članka pokušava se odrediti krajnji etimon
(uglavnom praslavenski ili vulgarnolatinski). Radi lakšeg snalaženja
u dodatku su članka dodana dva kazala, kazalo obrađenih
istrorumunjskih naziva i kazalo krajnjih etimona.
Collagen biosynthesis in both invertebrates and vertebrates is critically dependent upon the activity of lysyl hydroxylase (LH) enzymes. In humans, mutations in the genes encoding LH1 and LH2 have ...been shown to cause two distinct connective tissue disorders, Ehlers–Danlos (Type VIA) and Bruck syndromes. While the biochemical properties of these enzymes have been intensively studied, their embryonic patterns of expression and developmental roles remain unknown. We now present the cloning and analyses of the genes encoding LH1 and LH2 in the zebrafish,
Danio rerio. We find these genes to be similarly organized to other vertebrate
lh (
plod) genes, including the presence of an alternatively spliced exon in
lh2. We also examine the mRNA expression patterns of
lh1 and
lh2 during embryogenesis and find them to exhibit unique and dynamic patterns of expression. These results strongly suggest that LH enzymes are not merely housekeeping enzymes, but play distinct developmental roles. The identification of these genes in the zebrafish, a genetic model organism whose development is well characterized, now provides the basis for the establishment of the first animal models for both Ehlers–Danlos (Type VIA) and Bruck syndromes.
Pozadina istraživanja. Antocijani imaju pozitivni učinak na ljudsko zdravlje, no njihova im nestabilnost ograničava uporabu u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane i pića.
Eksperimentalni pristup. U ovom je ...radu ispitana nova metoda povećanja stabilnosti antocijana iz ploda duda aciliranjem s jantarnom kiselinom kao donorom acilne skupine. Optimalni uvjeti reakcije određeni su pomoću Box-Behnkenovog statističkog plana i metodom odzivnih površina.
Rezultati i zaključci. Najveći postotak konverzije od 79,04 % postignut je pri masenom omjeru antocijana i jantarne kiseline od 1:8,96; trajanju acilacije od 3 h i temperaturi od 50 °C. Analizom strukture aciliranih antocijana utvrđeno je da sadržavaju C-O-C vezu i hidroksilnu skupinu iz jantarne kiseline. Aciliranje je bitno povećalo stabilnost antocijana pri izlaganju povišenim temperaturama i svjetlosti, te njihovu antioksidacijsku aktivnost, izraženu kroz ukupnu reducirajuću snagu i sposobnost keliranja Fe2+ iona.
Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Aciliranje jantarnom kiselinom predstavlja novu metodu stabilizacije antocijana iz duda, što potvrđuje njihova povećana stabilnost i antioksidacijska sposobnost, čime je olakšana njihova primjena u proizvodnji hrane i nutraceutika.
The fourth edition of what has become the classic reference in the field of fetal and neonatal pathology, this fully revised and updated book retains the overall format of previous editions, ...presenting the same practical approach to the examination of both fetuses and perinatal deaths. It provides essential clinical and pathophysiological information and discusses the pathogenesis of abnormalities as a basis for appropriate methods of investigation. Each chapter is introduced by a concise account of the development of the relevant system. While primarily addressing the morbid anatomist and histopathologist, the book is also a valuable source of reference for obstetricians, neonatologists and paediatricians. Its value as a working tool is enhanced by effective cross-referencing, by chapter and page number, and a detailed index.
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