This study draws from brand positioning research to introduce the notions of points‐of‐relevance and points‐of‐difference to employer image research. Similar to prior research, this means that we ...start by investigating the relevant image attributes (points‐of‐relevance) that potential applicants use for judging organizations' attractiveness as an employer. However, we go beyond past research by examining whether the same points‐of‐relevance are used within and across industries. Next, we further extend current research by identifying which of the relevant image attributes also serve as points‐of‐difference for distinguishing between organizations and industries. The sample consisted of 24 organizations from 6 industries (total N = 7171). As a first key result, across industries and organizations, individuals attached similar importance to the same instrumental (job content, working conditions, and compensation) and symbolic (innovativeness, gentleness, and competence) image attributes in judging organizational attractiveness. Second, organizations and industries varied significantly on both instrumental and symbolic image attributes, with job content and innovativeness emerging as the strongest points‐of‐difference. Third, most image attributes showed greater variation between industries than between organizations, pointing at the importance of studying employer image at the industry level. Implications for recruitment research, employer branding, and best employer competitions are discussed.
A battery thermal management system that effectively maintains its temperature is highly desired. However, the promising cooling method utilizing phase change materials (PCM) has challenges of low ...thermal conductivity and sharp temperature growth after complete melting. To address the problems, a hybrid system that couples PCM/copper foam with helical liquid channels is proposed and the effects of the influencing factors are investigated numerically. Results showed that the hybrid system achieved more than 30 K temperature drop than the natural convection case. The maximum temperatures with the helical pitch of 10 mm and 40 mm were 332.28 K and 332.88 K, respectively, compared to 334.17 K for the straight-channel system. The increments of helical diameter and tube number improved the battery temperature but raised the power consumption. The flow velocity growth could significantly reduce the battery temperature, but beyond 0.05 m/s the temperature became relatively stable. In the studied ranges, the temperature reached the optimum at the foam porosity of 0.92 and was reduced with the increasing pore density. The maximum temperature with the melting point of 28 °C was around 4 K and 8 K lower than that of PCM35HC and PCM44HC cases. The conclusions in this study could provide insights into the design of hybrid battery thermal management systems.
•A hybrid battery thermal management system is studied.•Novel helical channels are employed.•Parameters from perspectives of the liquid channel, porous structure and PCM are investigated.•Nonequilibrium thermal model for the PCM/copper foam composite is used.
In this work, we report high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) mixture density and T-p isopleth (bubble (BP) and dew (DP) point) data for hexadecane (HXD) + N2 and heptamethylnonane (HMN) + N2 ...mixtures from ~323 to 523 K and pressures to ~100 MPa. Isothermal, mixture density data for both mixtures are measured in the single–phase region from the BP pressure to ~135 MPa and with ~14–90 mol% N2. A HPHT variable-volume, windowed view cell is used for both density and phase behavior measurements using the synthetic method. Mixture densities are correlated with the modified Tait equation and isothermal BP/DP data are correlated with an Antoine-type equation to allow for reliable interpolation of the data sets. Mixture densities and BP/DP pressures are modeled with the PC-SAFT equation coupled with pure component parameters calculated with two different group contribution methods. Although fairly reasonable predictions of liquid mixture densities are obtained when the binary interaction parameter, kij, is set to zero for both HXD + N2 and HMN + N2 mixtures, a value of kij equal to at least 0.119 is needed for both systems to obtain reasonable predictions of isothermal p-x behavior.
Significant effort has been devoted to the study of "non-Fermi-liquid" (NFL) metals: gapless conducting systems that lack a quasiparticle description. One class of NFL metals involves a finite ...density of fermions interacting with soft order parameter fluctuations near a quantum critical point. The problem has been extensively studied in a large-N limit (N corresponding to the number of fermion flavors) where universal behavior can be obtained by solving a set of coupled saddle-point equations. However, a remarkable study by Lee revealed the breakdown of such approximations in two spatial dimensions. We show that an alternate approach, in which the fermions belong to the fundamental representation of a global SU(N) flavor symmetry, while the order parameter fields transform under the adjoint representation (a "matrix large-N" theory), yields a tractable large N limit. At low energies, the system consists of an overdamped boson with dynamical exponent z=3 coupled to a non-Fermi-liquid with self-energy Σ(ω)∼ω2/3, consistent with previous studies.
The diffusion strategy for distributed learning from streaming data employs local stochastic gradient updates along with exchange of iterates over neighborhoods. In Part I <xref ref-type="bibr" ...rid="ref3">3 of this work we established that agents cluster around a network centroid and proceeded to study the dynamics of this point. We established expected descent in non-convex environments in the large-gradient regime and introduced a short-term model to examine the dynamics over finite-time horizons. Using this model, we establish in this work that the diffusion strategy is able to escape from strict saddle-points in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">O(1/\mu)</tex-math></inline-formula> iterations, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mu</tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the step-size; it is also able to return approximately second-order stationary points in a polynomial number of iterations. Relative to prior works on the polynomial escape from saddle-points, most of which focus on centralized perturbed or stochastic gradient descent, our approach requires less restrictive conditions on the gradient noise process.
Many applications in modern electrochemistry, notably electrosynthesis and energy storage/conversion take advantage of the “tunable” physicochemical properties (e.g., proton availability and/or ...electrochemical stability) of nonaqueous (e.g., aprotic) electrolyte media. This work develops general guidelines pertaining to the use of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) in aprotic solvent electrolyte media to address contemporary structure–electrochemical activity problems. Using the simple outer-sphere Fc0/+ process (Fc = ferrocene) as a model system, high boiling point (low vapor pressure) solvents give rise to highly robust and reproducible electrochemistry, whereas volatile (low boiling point) solvents need to be mixed with suitable low melting point supporting electrolytes (e.g., ionic liquids) or high boiling point solvents to avoid complications associated with salt precipitation/crystallization on the scanning (minutes to hours) time scale. When applied to perform microfabricationspecifically the electrosynthesis of the conductive polymer, polypyrrolethe optimized SECCM set up produces highly reproducible arrays of synthesized (electrodeposited) material on a commensurate scale to the employed pipet probe. Applying SECCM to map electrocatalytic activityspecifically the electro-oxidation of iodide at polycrystalline platinumreveals unique (i.e., structure-dependent) patterns of surface activity, with grains of specific crystallographic orientation, grain boundaries and areas of high local surface misorientation identified as potential electrocatalytic “hot spots”. The work herein further cements SECCM as a premier technique for structure–function–activity studies in (electro)materials science and will open up exciting new possibilities through the use of aprotic solvents for rational analysis/design in electrosynthesis, microfabrication, electrochemical energy storage/conversion, and beyond.
Abstract
We present and investigate two additional subclasses of bi-univalent functions corresponding to symmetric and symmetric conjugate points in the open unit disc employing the Al-Oboudi ...operator. The initial coefficients of functions assigned to these classes are estimated.
This study systematically reviewed the published literature on the objective characterization of myofascial pain syndrome and myofascial trigger points using imaging methods. PubMed, Embase, Ovid, ...and the Cochrane Library databases were used, whereas citation searching was conducted in Scopus. Citations were restricted to those published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2021. Of 1762 abstracts screened, 69 articles underwent full-text review, and 33 were included. Imaging data assessing myofascial trigger points or myofascial pain syndrome were extracted, and important qualitative and quantitative information on general study methodologies, study populations, sample sizes, and myofascial trigger point/myofascial pain syndrome evaluation were tabulated. Methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. Biomechanical properties and blood flow of active and latent myofascial trigger points assessed via imaging were found to be quantifiably distinct from those of healthy tissue. Although these studies show promise, more studies are needed. Future studies should focus on assessing diagnostic test accuracy and testing the reproducibility of results to establish the best performing methods. Increasing methodological consistency would further motivate implementing imaging methods in larger clinical studies. Considering the evidence on efficacy, cost, ease of use and time constraints, ultrasound-based methods are currently the imaging modalities of choice for myofascial pain syndrome/myofascial trigger point assessment.
In this analysis, convective heat transfer characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid mixture containing magnesium oxide (MgO) and gold (Au) nanoparticles are numerically studied. The impact of slip ...effects on nodal/saddle stagnation point boundary layer flow with viscous dissipation effect is mathematically modeled. The behavior of nanofluids is studied by employing Tiwari–Das nanofluid model. Pure water is the base fluid in this analysis. The governing partial differential equations with many independent variables are reduced to ordinary differential equations with one independent variable and then numerically solved by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with the desired accuracy. The outputs showed that MgO–Au/water hybrid nanofluid sharply raises the base fluid's thermal behavior. Results reveal that in the nodal and saddle point areas, the impact of higher slip effects significantly increases the local heat transfer rate.
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