Polyalkylene dicarboxylates derived from 1,9-nonanediol and mixtures with different ratios of pimelic acid and azelaic acid were synthesized by thermal polycondensation. All samples had a high degree ...of crystallinity although it was found to decrease with the comonomer content. Crystallization kinetics of the two homopolymers and the copolymer with the eutectic composition was studied by calorimetric and optical microscopy techniques. Similar Avrami parameters were determined for the three samples and a spherulitic growth with heterogeneous nucleation was deduced. Spherulites showed negative birefringence and a fibrillar or ringed texture depending on the sample. Furthermore, clear differences were found in the primary nucleation density, the spherulitic growth rate and even in the secondary nucleation constant deduced from the Lauritzen-Hoffman treatment. The three studied samples had a similar arrangement of molecular chains, and consequently their WAXD patterns showed the same strong reflections related to the molecular packing. SAXS data revealed that a lamellar insertion mechanism was characteristic for non-isothermal crystallization from the melt. In addition, significant differences were found between the crystal lamellar thicknesses of the homopolymer and copolymer samples. Diffraction and spectroscopic data suggested that the lamellar crystals of the eutectic copolymer were mainly constituted by azelate units whereas the pimelate units were preferentially located in the amorphous regions including the interlamellar amorphous layer associated with the chain folds.
Polyester fibers (PET) are greatly used in textiles but depend on fossil fuel resources. Poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be derived from 100% renewable resources. The ...load–extension plot of a polylactide fiber seems to be especially compatible with that of wool. Consequently polyester/wool 55/45 and polylactide/wool 55/45 yarns were spun using the Sirospun process and plain and twill woven fabrics were industrially produced. Washed and heat set fabrics were subjected to a conventional process of dyeing and decatizing. Fabrics were gradually worn by abrasion using a Martindale wear and abrasion tester.
Using the bursting strength test, the viscoelastic behavior of the fabrics when multidirectional extended was simulated and modeled using a modified non-linear Maxwell model. The three steps of fiber decrimping and orientation, fiber stretching and maximum yield and breaking were analyzed. PET/wool fabrics show a more linear behavior than PLA/wool ones and the influence of weave, finishing and wearing on the viscoelastic behavior of PLA/wool fabrics were highly relevant when compared with that on PET/wool ones. It seems that when blended with PET, wool develops its felting effect during finishing and wearing, while when blended with PLA, the felting effect of wool is hardly developed due to the lower resistance of PLA to hydrolysis and its lower thermal stability. PLA fiber properties need to be improved probably through the development of new L-D lactide (PLDLA) copolymers of different ratios between components and molecular weights to reach the optimal desirable properties for the fiber.
Alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) have appeared on the market, offering good levels of biodegradability and ecotoxicity. These nonionic surfactants, obtained from natural substances, are 100% biodegradable ...and very suitable for washing. They are highly soluble, only slightly sensitive to electrolytes and rarely influenced by water hardness. This paper analyses the behaviour of APG and linear alkyl sulfonate, separately and in mixtures of different proportions, in order to show how dyed polyester fabric changed colour during washing and how dye transfers to white textile items (diacetate, polyamide, cotton, acrylic and wool). Before this process, the polyester was dyed with disperse dyes. Disperse dyes can become deposited on white polyester fabric during washing due to various mechanical, chemical, electrical or adsorption-related causes. In an attempt to explain the behaviour of the deposition of disperse dyes in the washing process, we assessed the total potential energy between disperse dye and polyester fabric based on the theory of heterocoagulation. The zeta potentials of the insoluble disperse dyes and the fabrics were related to the results obtained by staining white fabric during washing.
ABSTRAK
Kain sasirangan merupakan produk tekstil kerajnan yang dibuat dengan proses pewarnaan rintang dengan menggunakan benang atau bahan lain sebagai perintang warna menurut motif tertentu. Tujuan ...kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembuatan kain sasirangan dan memperoleh berbagai macam produk fesyen ataupun bentuk yang lain. Bahan baku yang digunakan yakni kain mori voalissima, sutra super T54, dan menggunakan pewarna indigosol. Kain yang telah diwarna, kemudian difiksasi dengan asam klorida (HCl) hangat dan Natrium Nitrit. Kemudian dianginangikan, setelah kering, jahitan dilepas terbentuk produk sasirangan dengan desain motif produk sandang. Urutan prosesnya : penarikan jahitan, pewarnaan, pelepasan jahitan produk sasirangan. Benang yang dipakai adalah benang poliester yang tidak dapat terwarnai pada proses pewarnaan. Motif sasirangan dipengaruhi oleh jarak jahitan dan bentuk jelujur sehingga akan menghasilkan produk sasirangan yang beraneka macam. Lima macam variasi jelujur dilakukan dan menghasilkan produk sasirangan yang berlainan. Hasil pengujian ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian dan gosokan kering, menunjukan nilai rata-rata 3-4 s/d 4, dapat diartikan baik untuk voalissima maupun sutra. Sedangkan untuk gosok basah kurang baik untuk voalissima, nilai 2-3. Pada sutra, baik dengan nilai 4. Kata kunci: sasirangan, voalissima, sutra, benang poliester.
ABSTRACT
Sasirangan fabric is a handicraft textile product that is made using resist-dyeing technique, with yarn or other material to block the colors according to the patterns given. This research was aimed to find out the making process of sasirangan fabric and produce some kinds of fashion products, as well as non-fashion ones. The main materials used are voalissima cambrics, silk super T54, and indigosol dyes. After being dyed, the fabric then fixed using warm Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) solution and Sodium Nitrite. The fabric is dried without being exposed to direct sunlight, then the stitches are being removed and the sasirangan pattern will appear in the product. Steps of the making process are: pulling the stitched yarn, dyeing, and removing stitches from the sasirangan product.The yarn used is polyester yarn that cannot be dyed in the dyeing process. Sasirangan patterns are determined by stitch distance and basting stitch forms to produce many kinds of Sasirangan products. Five kinds of basting stitch variations are done to make different Sasirangan products. The color fastness test to washing and dry rubbing gives average result values of 3-4 to 4, which can be interpreted as ‘good’, both for voalissima and silk. As for the color fastness test to wet rubbing, the result value is 2-3 or less good for voalissima, and 4 or good for silk.
Key words: sasirangan, voalissima, silk, polyester yarn.
U radu se kronološkim redom uvođenja izlaže povijest fotografskih negativa kao izvornog arhivskog gradiva, osobitosti svakog pojedinog procesa, eventualne varijacije, metode identifikacije, ...stabilnost i deterioracija materijala, zaštitna ambalaža te uvjeti pohrane. Kao ključan čimbenik ističe se precizna identifikacija negativa kao nužna predradnja za kasniji rad na obradi i zaštiti te stvaranju što boljih uvjeta za čuvanje kroz dulje vremensko razdoblje.
Polyester fabric modification by some lipases Djordjevic, Dragan; Petronijevic, Zivomir; Cvetkovic, Dragan
Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly,
2005, Letnik:
11, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper, we investigated the enzymatic treatment of polyester fabric. The results show that enzymatic treatment with different Upases causes adequate effects, especially, referring to water ...penetration, absorption and the mechanical parameters of the processed fabric (strength, elongation, wear resistance). The results of scanning electron microscopy contributed to the structural and morphological understanding of the polyester fiber surface in the treated regime. After enzyme treatment, some changes on the fiber surface were noticed. These results confirmed that the enzymes influenced the surface of the polyester fibers. The process probably did not cause major damage of the fiber surface or major reorganization of the surface layers of the polyester fibers, so therefore their mechanical characteristics were satisfactory.
U radu je istrazivana mogucnost enzimske obrade poliestarske tkanine. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da obrade razlicitim lipazama daju odgovarajuce efekte, posebno kada se radi o penetraciji (kapilarnost) i apsorpciji vode kao i mehanickim osobinama (jacina, izduzenje, otpornost na habanje). Skening elektronska mikroskopija je iskoriscena za strukturno i morfolosko razumevanje promena na povrsini poliestarskih vlakana u rezimu obrade, koje su evidentne posle obrade enzimima. Rezultati potvrdjuju da primenjeni enzimi imaju uticaja na povrsinu poliestarskih vlakana, uz cinjenicu da obrade ne uzrokuju veca ostecenja povrsine kao i vecu reorganizaciju u povrsinskim slojevima vlakana, sto se potvrdjuje i zadovoljavajucim mehanickim osobinama.
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