Kitozan je prirodni biopolimer koji ima dobru biokompatibilnost, bioapsorpciju, antiinfektivna, antibakterijska i hemostatska svojstva, ubrzava zacjeljivanje rana te se sve više koristi u ...antimikrobnoj obradi tekstila. Zbog sve većih zahtjeva za postojanošću antimikrobnih svojstava tijekom održavanja, istražuje se vezivanje kitozana na tekstil. Cilj istraživanja je postići postojanu obradu pamučne i pamuk/poliesterske tkanine, uz korištenje maleinske kiseline kao umreživača i natrijeva hipofosfit monohidrata kao katalizatora. U svrhu određivanja postojanosti obrade provedeno je 10 ciklusa održavanja prema ISO 6330:2021. Sposobnost umrežavanja kitozana s pamučnim i pamuk/poliesterskim tkaninama uz maleinsku kiselinu praćena je pomoću FTIR-ATR, prije i nakon obrade te nakon 3. i 10. ciklusa održavanja. Utvrđena je promjena mehaničkih svojstava prema ISO 13934-1:2013 i sposobnost upravljanja kapljevitom vlagom prema AATCC TM 197-2017. Maleinska kiselina se pokazala dobrim sredstvom za umrežavanje kitozana što je rezultiralo postojanom obradom.
Our aim was to determine the effects of the substitution of sucrose polyester (SPE) for dietary fat in a 16-week outpatient study in 36 obese subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia. The subjects ...were randomized into three groups who followed a 16-week treatment period where all subjects received hypocaloric diets which provided approximately 7 kcal/lb body weight, a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fat ratio of 0.9, and 180 mg cholesterol/day. The percentages of calories as fat in the 3 groups were as follows: a low fat diet group (n = 12) received 27% of dietary calories as fat, a low fat plus SPE group (n = 13) received 25% of calories as fat plus 27 g SPE/day as a bread spread and salad dressing, and a third group (placebo, n = 11) received 37% of calories as fat with a 27 g/day conventional fat placebo (bread spread and salad dressing). Mean weight loss from baseline in the 16 week treatment period was 2.6, 3.9, and 3.4% respectively in the placebo, diet, and SPE groups, p less than .05 for each group, without significant differences between the groups. There was a mean reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 16% in the SPE group (p less than .05), more than twice the reductions in the placebo and diet groups, 5% and 6%, respectively. There was a mean 20% reduction in the SPE group in triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p less than .05), compared to 7 and 10% reductions in the placebo and diet groups respectively. The degree of weight loss was correlated with the degree of reduction in LDL-C in the low fat diet group, and in the low fat diet group plus SPE (r = 0.59 for both groups). Without confounding by different levels of dietary cholesterol or P/S, SPE induced significant reductions in LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic obese subjects beyond the effects of weight loss alone. The effects of SPE were significantly greater than those achieved by the use of a diet which severely limited conventional dietary fat intake (to 40 g/day). SPE in the form of a bread spread and a salad dressing is a practical formulation for outpatient hypocholesterolemic low fat diets and provides the lubricity and organoleptic benefits of authentic foods without the dense caloric content of digestible fats.
Cotton/polyester fabrics were contaminated with a 1.25% solution of methyl parathion (MeP) emulsifiable concentrate formulation, then laboratory laundered. The laundering variables were detergent ...type, concentration, water volume, and mechanical agitation. Specimens were unfinished (UN) and soil repellent finished (SR) fabrics. Heavy duty liquid and phosphate-built powdered detergents were equally effective when used in combination with a prewash product. A negative linear relationship between detergent concentration and MeP residue remaining after laundering was established. An interaction between detergent concentration and fabric finish was observed. Soil repellent finished fabrics required detergent concentrations above the recommended amount for more efficient soil removal. A negative linear relationship between water volume and after-laundering residue was observed. Water volume played a more significant role in pesticide removal than agitation during laundering.
Insect survival and reproduction were determined in vacuumized (V) and unvacuumized (UV) polyethylene (PE) or polyester (PET) bags of shelled peanuts. Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) larvae and adults ...survived and reproduced in V-PE (200 millibars) bags, and larvae survived, developed to adults, and reproduced in UV-PE bags. AT 12 mo, live insects were found in UV-PE bags artificially infested with larvae and in V-PE bags initially infested with adults. Lasioderma serricorne (F.) and T. castaneum larvae matured to adults in V-PET and UV-PET bags, but no reproduction occurred when these bags were artificially infested with either adults or larvae. L. serricorne adults reproduced in UV-PE as well as in V-PE bags. C. cautella and L. Serricorne penetrated the PE film. None of the three species tested reproduced in PET bags or penetrated these bags. PET bags exposed to external infestations were not penetrated. All V-PE bags were penetrated, whereas only 10% of the UV-PE bags were penetrated. The remaining intact bags developed low internal pressures during 12 mo of storage
U ovom radu je istražen postupak sorpcije disperznog bojila na enzimski hidrolizirano poliestersko pletivo. Hidrolizom enzimom esterazom se mijenja površinska morfologija vlakana, odnosno dolazi do ...ljuštenja površine pri čemu vlakna postaju hidrofilnija, čime se poboljšavaju sorpcijska svojstva tijekom bojadisanja. Postupak bojadisanja hidroliziranog poliesterskog pletiva daje bolje rezultate u usporedbi s bojadisanjem nehidroliziranog pletiva. Do većeg postotka iscrpljenja bojila dolazi na početku postupka bojadisanja, dok se s vremenom postotak iscrpljenja bojila usporava. Povećanjem koncentracije bojila dolazi do smanjenja iscrpljenja bojila na vlakno. Veća količina bojila u otopini ili dulje vrijeme bojadisanja donose veću količinu apsorbiranog bojila po jedinici mase tekstila, tj. pri najvećim koncentracijama bojila i najduljem vremenu bojadisanja dolazi do najveće apsorpcije.
