This work reports a novel environmentally friendly antibacterial and hydrophobic polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre finished with ZnO containing quaternary ammonium compounds (QACsZnO). ...The results show that the QACsZnO can be coated onto the PET fibre surface, imparting perdurable antibacterial activity. It was found that the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties were improved greatly after the PET fibre was finished with QACsZnO. Additionally, the QACsZnO-finished PET fibre exhibited good antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, QACsZnO-finished PET fibre was still capable of restoring its hydrophobicity, and it did not induce damage after dry-cleaning. These remarkable features of QACsZnO-finished PET fibre that were suitable for development of multi-function and textile applications on the market had increased dramatically.
Concrete is one of the materials in the construction industry for which the usage has diversified all over the globe. Cement manufacturing releases harmful gases like CO2 during its production. So, ...to create a sustainable environment and save natural resources, alternate construction materials can be effectively used without sacrificing the required quality. The present work is taken up to determine the effect of polyester fibres on the strength characteristics of concrete with micronized silica (MS). MS is obtained by controlled burning of rice husk which is a by-product in rice mill industries. Cement was partially replaced by MS in different proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight of cement in the conventional concrete. To rectify the problem arrived by using MS, i.e., high level of water absorption, a good water reducer (superplasticizer) was used. Polyester fibres were added to the micronized silica concrete mix which gave the optimum strength in the proportion of 0%, 0.1% and 0.2% by weight of cement. Compressive, split-tensile and flexural strength were determined, and the results indicated that the strengths of concrete along with MS were increased upto a limit, and thereafter it reduces and fibres further enhance the strength. The ideal mix was obtained at MS content of 10%and fibre addition of 0.2% for the concrete.
In the production of building materials the emphasis is put on the utilization of waste materials generated in various industrial processes. The production of secondary raw material increases ...annually with the increase in production volume that is highly dependent on increasing demand. Based on material properties of harmless raw material the utilization in civil engineering is being search. This paper deals with laboratory examination of fundamental material characteristics such as composition, size, shape and thermal and acoustical properties. This paper is subsequently dedicated to the complexity of making a thermal insulation from polyester fibers and bi-component fibers. The research aims to eliminate the amount of waste going to landfills and expand manufacturing industry of producer. The tests results show that the thermal insulation from waste polyester fibers has comparable characteristic with mineral/rock wool.
A series of novel monoazo disperse dyes based on
N-ester-1,8-naphthalimides were synthesized using 4-amino-
N-methylglycinate-1,8-naphthalimide and 4-amino-
N-ethylglycinate-1,8-naphthalimide, as ...diazo components, with various couplers. The spectrophotometric properties of the dyes were examined in different solvents and their solvatochromism effects were investigated. The dyes displayed
λ
max of between 515 and 563
nm and the molar extinction coefficient of the dyes varied from 25,863 to 49,080
l
mol
−1
cm
−1. Most of the dyes showed acceptable build up properties on polyester fibres under high temperature conditions and displayed moderate light fastness and very good wash and dry heat fastness on polyester fibres. The results indicated that the presence of an ester group within the dye molecule provided alkali-clearable potential.
The detection of changes in the morphological and chemical structure of four cotton/polyester blend fabrics and their constituent fibres caused by thermal radiation was the purpose of the study. ...Relatively short exposure times, i.e., 20 s, 25 s, 30 s and 40 s, of fabrics for an incident heat flux density of 10 kW/m2 were applied so that they did not cause changes visible to the naked eye. Such experimental conditions have been selected to resemble the ones that may occur during firefighting, rescue operations, some professional activities as well as during criminal events. The assumption that using the sequence of physicochemical methods, i.e., optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, will make it possible to identify selected thermal changes in examined materials caused by a short-term temperature increase has been positively verified. Out of applied techniques, scanning electron microscopy showed the highest efficiency in tracking morphological changes in fibres occurring under the influence of heat radiation, while the FTIR method allows for the identification of thermal changes in the chemical structure of cotton fibres. Optical microscopic methods were also characterised by relatively high usefulness in the detection of thermal changes, especially in terms of the physical microstructure of PES fibres. The changes occurring in the fibres due to the action of heat radiation depend not only on the thermal behaviour of a particular type of fibre but also on the structural parameters of the examined textiles, i.e., porosity, and the mutual position of particular types of fibres in the three-dimensional structure of yarns and fabrics. Moreover, the studies revealed the presence of tiny, deformed balls at the ends of the thermoplastic fibres, visible on the surface of some original polyester-cotton textiles, caused by a singeing technological process, which should be taken into account during interpretation of analytical findings.
Charge transfer processes between polyester and conductive fibre surfaces is studied using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Three model systems are considered: a single isolated insulating ...polyester fibre, two conductive stainless steel fibres in galvanic or non-galvanic contact and an insulating polyester fibre in galvanic contact with a conductive stainless steel fibre. For first and third configurations, a two-stage process with two different time constants is observed corresponding to two mechanisms responsible for the charge transfer. For the second configuration, a single-stage process is observed. The presence of the conductive fibre facilitates the charge transfer on the insulating fibre.
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•Novel experimental setup to perform Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on individual fibres.•Electrical charge and discharge on insulating fibres is measured by KPFM.•Electrical charge transfer between insulating and conductive fibres is measured by KPFM.•Electrical charge transfer between conductive fibres in non-galvanic contact is measured by KPFM.
The paper deals with soil improvement using polyester fibres of length 70mm mixed in soil SC as random reinforcement in amount of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. Improvement of soil was measured by direct shear ...tests, using shear box of size 0.3m x 0.3m x 0.15m. It will be shown that for tested soil, optimal amount of fibres is 1.0%, when increase of angle of internal friction was up to 6.0o (from 45.3o to 51.3o) and increase of cohesion was up to 17.5kPa (from 0kPa to 17.5kPa) in comparison with soil without fibres.
The main objective of this paper is to study the effects of the processing parameters of the needle-punching machine and the interactions between them on some physico-mechanical properties of ...interest of nonwoven (NW) fabrics. For this purpose, a fractional factorial design has been planned with two levels for each factor: feeding speed, delivery speed, stroke frequency, penetration depth and gap between plates. Sixteen NW fabrics were obtained from polyester fibre and characterized by tensile strength and stiffness for mechanical behaviour and air permeability as physical properties of interest in some technical applications. The results have been subjected to statistical analysis in order to find the effects of the processing variables and the interactions between them on the fabric properties. It was possible to find the effects of the five processing parameters studied on the thickness, fabric mass, stiffness, tensile strength and air permeability of the obtained needle-punched fabrics.
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