Polyester Fibres Burkinshaw, Stephen M
Physico-chemical Aspects of Textile Coloration,
2015, 2016-01-20
Book Chapter
This chapter first provides a brief overview of the fundamental aspects of the chemistry, fine structure and properties of polyester (PES) fibres. It discusses the effects of dispersing agents on the ...solubility of disperse dyes from the viewpoint of dye adsorption. PES fibres are dyed using disperse dyes, which provide a wide range of hues and display generally very good build‐up and very good fastness properties on the fibres, although some dye combinations can display anomalous fastness to light and the behaviour of the dyes to heat treatments is of importance. The presence of the oligomer reduces the brilliance of dyeings and the colour strength of deep shades, as well as creates processing problems. The chapter then describes synthesis and properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymers. An advantageous environmental feature of PLA polymers is biodegradability which has been utilised in several clinical applications such as drug delivery implants and surgery.
The paper describes the synthesis of 2-amino-8-nitronaphtho1,2dthiazole and its utilization to prepare a range of heterocyclic azo disperse dyes. These arylazo dyes were studied with respect to their ...color and constitution relationship. These dyes were applied on polyester fibre and their fastness properties were evaluated.
Various 4-Arylazo-1,3-benzenediamine (AABs) dyes have been synthesized and polycondensed with Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). The resultant polyureas (PUs) have been characterized by elemental ...analysis, IR spectroscopy and number average molecular weight (
), estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration. Thermal properties of PUs have been examined. Their dyeing performance on nylon and polyester gives yellow to orange shades with moderate to good light and wash fastness. Polymerization of AABs with TDI on dyed nylon and polyester has also been performed. The dyeing properties of simple AAB dyes were compared with the dyes polymerized on nylon and polyester.
Various 4-Arylazo-1,3-benzenediamine (AABs) dyes have been synthesized and polycondensed with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). The resultant poly (4-arylazo-1,3-benzeneurea-hexamethylene)s (PABUs) ...have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and number average molecular weight (
) (Estimated by non-aqueous conductometric titration). Thermal properties of PABUs have been examined by thermogravimetric analysis. Their dyeing performance on nylon and polyester was assessed. The dyeing had yellow, orange and pink shades with moderate-to-good light- and wash fastness. Polymerization of AABs with HMDI on dyed nylon and polyester has also been performed. The dyeing properties of simple AAB dyes were compared with the dyes polymerized on nylon and polyester.
The paper describes the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanothieno2,3-bnaphthoquinone and its utilisation to prepare range of azo disperse dyes. These novel arylazo dyes were studied with respect to their ...color and constitution relationship. Application of these dyes on polyester fibres and their fastness properties were stated. These dyes were characterised by PMR, IR and visible absorption spectra.
The synthesis of a series of bright, intensely fluorescent brighteners based on 2-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzo/naphtho1,2-d-1,2,3-triazoles is described. The absorption - emission spectra of the fluorescent ...brighteners were recorded and their dyeing properties were studied.
Gamma radiation with a dose of 2.5 Mrad has been found to be suitable to sterilize polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bulk materials intended for biomedical applications. The radiation stability of PET ...bulk materials and fibre may not however be taken as identical due to the changes in the polymer structure during the processing of bulk materials for fibre. The chemical changes occurring in PET fibres during single and multiple (prolonged) sterilization in air were investigated. It was found that single sterilization (2.5 Mrad) itself affected the PET yarn and fibre. This was exhibited by the increase of crystallinity from 30.5 to 37% in the case of yarn and from 40 to 44% in the case of fibre. The breaking load of the yarn also increased from 441 g to 451 g. These changes were attributed to the degradation of PET in the amorphous region and the recombination of degraded aliphatic segments. Sterilization at higher doses affected the crystalline region which decreased the crystallinity, breaking load and molecular weight. For samples irradiated at 2.5 Mrad, the breaking load increased, though the dispersity increased. This was attributed to cross-linking by recombination. The increase in crystallinity also enhanced the breaking load of the samples. Higher doses of sterilization led to drastic microstructural and macrostructural changes as seen from the molecular weight. It was inferred that the changes in crystallinity and microstructure that occurred during multiple sterilization might affect the biocompatibility of the material.
Use of recycled fibres in apparel is being seen as one of the major ways to achieve sustainability and circular economy in textile industry. Waste poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles create ...serious disposal problem as they are not biodegradable. In recent years, many companies have started to collect the waste PET bottles and upcycle them, by melting and extruding, into textile grade polyester fibre. This paper presents an exhaustive study on the properties of mechanically recycled polyester fibres and fabrics. The recycled polyester fibre has lower level of crystallinity and tensile strength than its virgin counterpart. The transmission properties like air permeability and moisture vapour permeability of fabric do not change significantly with the increase in proportion of recycled polyester. However, the shear and bending rigidities of woven fabric tend to increase (24-44% and 9-26%, respectively) with the incorporation of recycled polyester. This implies that the fabric becomes stiffer and less pliable when recycled polyester fibre is used and thus the virgin and recycled polyester fibres cannot be considered as functionally equivalent for life cycle or other analysis.
PDF
