This authoritative, widely cited book has been used all over the world. The Fourth Edition incorporates the latest developments in the field while maintaining the core objectives of previous ...editions: To correlate properties with chemical structure and to describe methods that permit the estimation and prediction of numerical properties from chemical structure, i.e. nearly all properties of the solid, liquid, and dissolved states of polymers.
Electroluminescent polymers are reviewed in terms of synthesis and relationships between structure and light emission properties.
The main concepts, problems and ideas related to the subject as a ...whole and to each class of electroluminescence (EL) polymer, have been systematically addressed. The elements of device architecture were considered, such as electrode characteristics and transport layers. The main mechanisms for light emission were approached, and the relevant issues related to color tuning were discussed in general terms and taking into account the structural features of each polymer structure, as well. The main routes for the synthesis of each EL polymer class are described, illustrated with numerous examples, including PPV and PPV related structures, polythiophenes, cyanopolymers, polyphenylenes, silicon-containing polymers, conjugated nitrogen-containing polymers, polyfluorenes, polyacetylenes and polymers with triple bonds in the main chain, condensation polymers.
Mucoadhesion is defined as the adherence of a synthetic or natural polymer to a mucosal membrane via physical or chemical interactions. Mucoadhesive materials are widely used to develop dosage forms ...for transmucosal drug delivery via ocular, nasal, esophageal, oral, vaginal, rectal, and intravesical routes of administration. This review will discuss some of the most prominent and recent synthetic methodologies employed to modify polymeric materials in order to enhance their mucoadhesive properties. This includes chemical conjugation of polymers with molecules bearing thiol‐, catechol‐, boronate‐, acrylate‐, methacrylate‐, maleimide‐, and N‐hydroxy(sulfo)succinimide ester‐ groups.
The recent progress in the synthesis and application of polymers with enhanced ability to adhere to mucosal tissues is discussed.
Polymer-processing techniques are of the utmost importance for producing polymeric parts. They must produce parts with the desired qualities, which are usually related to mechanical performance, ...dimensional conformity, and appearance. Aiming to maximize the overall efficiency of the polymer-processing techniques, advanced modeling codes along with experimental measurements are needed to simulate and optimize the processes. Thus, this reprint exploits the digital transformation of the plastics industry, both through the creation of more robust and accurate modeling tools and the development of cutting-edge experimental techniques. Furthermore, it addresses advanced topics, such as crystallization during the solidification processes, prediction of fiber orientation in the cases of short and long fiber composites, prediction of the foaming process (such as microcellular foaming), and flow instabilities by including viscoelastic constitutive equations.
New three-phase composites, destined for application as dielectrics in the manufacturing of passive elements of flexible electronics, and based on polymer (PVDF) matrix filled with powdered ceramics ...of the hollandite-like (KFTO(H)) structure (5.0; 7.5; 15; 30 vol.%) and carbon (MWCNT) additive (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 wt.% regarding the KFTO(H) amount), were obtained and studied by XRD, FTIR and SEM methods. Chemical composition and stoichiometric formula of the ceramic material synthesized by the sol-gel method were confirmed with the XRF analysis data. The influence of the ceramic and carbon fillers on the electrical properties of the obtained composites was investigated using impedance spectroscopy. The optimal combination of permittivity and dielectric loss values at 1 kHz (77.6 and 0.104, respectively) was found for the compositions containing Ksub.1.6Fesub.1.6Tisub.6.4Osub.16 (30 vol.%) and MWCNTs (1.0 wt.% regarding the amount of ceramic filler).
Nanoporous organic polymer networks Dawson, Robert; Cooper, Andrew I.; Adams, Dave J.
Progress in polymer science,
2012, Letnik:
37, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Nanoporous organic polymer networks are a class of materials consisting solely of the lighter elements in the periodic table. These materials have potential uses in areas such as storage, separation, ...and catalysis. Here, we review the different classes of nanoporous polymer networks including covalent organic frameworks, hypercrosslinked polymers, conjugated microporous polymers, and polymers of intrinsic microporosity. The growing variety in synthetic routes to these materials allows a range of different polymer networks to be formed, including crystalline and amorphous structures. It is also possible to incorporate many different kinds of functional groups in a modular fashion. So far, most networks have been examined from the perspective of gas sorption, and this area is discussed critically and in depth in this review. The use of nanoporous organic polymers for applications such as catalysis and separations is an important developing area, and we discuss recent developments as well as highlighting potential future opportunities.
Three porous luminescent covalent‐‐organic polymers (COPs) have been synthesized through self‐polycondensation of the monomers of tris(4‐bromophenyl)amine, 1,3,5‐tris(4‐bromophenyl)benzene, and ...2,4,6‐tris‐(4‐bromo‐phenyl)‐1,3,5triazine by using Ni‐catalyzed Yamamoto reaction. All the COP materials possess not only high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of about 2000 m2 g−1, high hydrothermal stability, but also graphene‐like layer texture. Interestingly, COP‐3 and COP‐4 show very fast responses and high sensitivity to the nitroaromatic explosives, and also high selectivity for tracing picric acid (PA) and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) at low concentration (<1 ppm). In short, the COPs may be a new kind of material for detecting explosives and small organic molecules.
Three porous graphene‐like covalent–organic polymers (COPs) have been synthesized by Ni‐catalyzed Yamamoto reaction in this work. These COP materials show fast responses and high sensitivity to the nitroaromatic explosives. The COP materials may be a new candidate for detecting explosives.
This review reports recent advances in the field of the blends of natural and synthetic polymers as new biomaterials. These materials have attracted both academic, and, for several blends, industrial ...attention because they exhibit improvements in properties required in the biomedical field. Herein, the structure, preparation and properties of the blends of natural and man-made polymer are discussed in general, and detailed examples are also drawn from scientific literature and practical work. The most common natural polymers: collagen, chitosan, elastin, keratin and silk are discussed as a components of blends with man-made polymers.
Native, gelatinized and cross-linked rice starch was used to prepare "green sorbents". FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC and TGA methods were used to evaluate the properties of the obtained materials. The ...influence of the type of starch, sorbent dose and contact time on the sorption efficiency was examined. The swelling properties, the degree of solution purification and the efficiency of Fe(III) ion removal were determined. The sorption properties of the materials strongly depended on the type of starch and the conditions of their use. Keywords: starch, sorbents, modification, sorption properties. Streszczenie: Skrobie ryzowa natywna, zzelowana i usieciowana uzyto do otrzymywania "zielonych sorbentow". Do oceny wlasciwosci otrzymanych materialow zastosowano metody FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC i TGA. Zbadano wplyw rodzaju skrobi, dawki sorbentow i czasu kontaktu na efektywnosc sorp- cji. Oznaczono wlasciwosci peczniejace, stopien oczyszczania roztworu i skutecznosc usuwania jonow Fe(III). Wlasciwosci sorpcyjne materialow silnie zalezaly od rodzaju skrobi i warunkow ich stosowania. Slowa kluczowe: skrobia, sorbenty skrobiowe, modyfikacja skrobi, wlasciwosci sorpcyjne.
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