This article extends the asymmetric causality tests, as developed by Hatemi-J (2012), for dealing with deterministic trend parts. It is shown how integrated variables up to three degrees with ...deterministic trend parts can be transformed into positive and negative cumulative partial components. These cumulative components can be used for implementing the asymmetric causality tests based on a Wald test statistic that is shown to follow a chi-square distribution asymptotically. Each solution is expressed as a proposition and a mathematic proof is provided for each underlying proposition. This issue is important because most economic or financial variables seem to be characterized by both stochastic as well as deterministic trend parts. An empirical application is provided in order to show how the oil prices and the exchange rates as integrated variables with drift and trend can be transformed into cumulative partial sums of positive and negative components. The conducted causality tests reveal that allowing for asymmetry has important repercussions for the underlying causal inference between these two variables.
Los conflictos ambientales han venido aumentando en Colombia y América Latina, y han emergido diferentes políticas públicas que le apuestan a resolverlos. Con base en una revisión de literatura, ...indagamos por las formas en que se han entendido los cambios positivos en los conflictos ambientales en el país, así como por las condiciones que se han identificado como favorables para estos cambios. Las nociones de resolución y transformación, aunque tienen diferentes genealogías conceptuales e implicaciones políticas, podrían ser consideradas complementarias en la práctica. Dentro de los factores favorables a los cambios positivos encontramos el fortalecimiento de la organización comunitaria, el establecimiento de procesos de diálogo sostenidos en el tiempo que permitan construir confianza, las herramientas legales que garanticen la participación social en las decisiones ambientales y la apropiación de diferentes formas de conocimiento. Concluimos con recomendaciones para la operación de los Centros Regionales de Diálogo Ambiental propuestos por el Estado colombiano en 2018.
The purpose of this study was to establish the relation between resiliency and the level of positive changes, comprising posttraumatic growth in a group of firefighters experiencing job-related ...traumatic events and the mediating role of stress appraisal in this relation. The study was performed on a group of 100 firefighters from firefighting and rescue brigades, out of which 75 admitted to experiencing a traumatic event. Firefighters covered by the study were on average 31.51 years old (SD = 6.34). A Polish version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Resiliency Assessment Scale and Stress Appraisal Questionnaire were used in the study. The results have shown that 22.7% of firefighters displayed low, 58.6% average and 18.7% high intensity of positive changes resulting from a traumatic event. Resiliency poorly correlates with posttraumatic growth expressed in changes in self-perception, and strongly correlates with stress appraisal, negatively correlates with threat and harm/loss and positively correlates with challenge. Appraisal of stress as a threat and challenge appeared to be mediators of the relationship between resiliency and posttraumatic growth.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine growth in UK and Croatian women following childbirth and to identify correlates of personal growth after birth, specifically focusing on ...sociodemographic, obstetric and coping variables. Background: Childbirth is a significant and challenging life event for many women with the potential for both positive and negative psychological changes. Research is increasingly exploring growth in different cultures. No studies have explored growth in Croatian women following childbirth. Methods: UK (N = 193) and Croatian (N = 160) women who had given birth within the last two years completed online questionnaires measuring growth, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms and coping strategies. Results: Approximately 44% and 35% of UK and Croatian women, respectively, reported a moderate level of growth after childbirth. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that younger women in both countries reported more growth. In the UK sample, coping strategies were related to higher growth. In the Croatian sample, higher posttraumatic stress symptoms and the avoidant coping strategy of denial were associated with higher levels of growth. Conclusion: This study suggests that many women report positive changes as a result of their birth experience. Further research is needed to explore how cultural elements are manifested in the experience of growth.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The article considers the problem of developmental psychological counselling for the heads of the district-level internal affairs divisions. Modern requirements which are imposed on the senior ...leadership of internal affairs divisions guide the officials towards continuous self-development, self-realization and modernizing of their psychological, managerial and innovative potential and the psychotechnology of developmental counselling is viewed as one of methods for that. We substantiate the relevance of the study of positive developments in the personalities of the heads of district-level internal affairs divisions in the process of developmental counselling. This psychotechnology (seen as a kind of psychological counselling) facilitates positive changes in the personalities of subjects of management activities (i.e. heads of internal affairs divisions) and optimizes their professional and personal development, helps to resolve psychological problems and crises arising in course of their careers. We also presented the results of the study of the prevailing background functional states of leadership's personalities.
В работе рассматривается проблема развивающего психологического консультирования руководителей территориальных органов на районном уровне. Современные требования, предъявляемые к руководящему звену в ОВД, ориентируют сотрудников на постоянное саморазвитие, самореализацию и актуализацию психолого-управленческого, инновационного потенциала, определяя в качестве одного из методов психотехнологию развивающего консультирования. Обосновывается актуальность исследования особенностей динамики позитивных изменений личности руководителя ТО МВД России в процессе развивающего консультирования. Психотехнология способствует позитивным изменениям личности субъекта управленческой деятельности, тем самым позволяя оптимизировать процессы профессионально-личностного развития руководителей. Развивающее консультирование руководителей ОВД представляется как подвид психологического консультирования, психотехнологией, способствующей позитивной динамике личности, разрешению психологических проблем и кризисов профессионально-личностного развития руководителя. Представлены результаты изучения преобладающих фоновых функциональных состояний личности руководителя.
San Quentin State Prison, California's oldest prison and the nation's largest, is notorious for once holding America's most dangerous prisoners. But in 2008, the Bastille-by-the-Bay became a beacon ...for rehabilitation through the prisoner-run newspaper the San Quentin News. Prison Truth tells the story of how prisoners, many serving life terms, transformed the prison climate from what Johnny Cash called a living hell to an environment that fostered positive change in inmates' lives. Award-winning journalist William J. Drummond takes us behind bars, introducing us to Arnulfo García, the visionary prisoner who led the revival of the newspaper. Drummond describes how the San Quentin News, after a twenty-year shutdown, was recalled to life under an enlightened warden and the small group of local retired newspaper veterans serving as advisers, which Drummond joined in 2012. Sharing how officials cautiously and often unwittingly allowed the newspaper to tell the stories of the incarcerated, Prison Truth illustrates the power of prison media to humanize the experiences of people inside penitentiary walls and to forge alliances with social justice networks seeking reform.
Background and Objective: Previous research has used quantitative methods to assess the impact of grief therapy. However, rarely have participants been asked about how they have been affected by ...treatment using qualitative methods. This study sought to explore participants' experiences of two therapeutic approaches to grief: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR).
Method: Nineteen participants were randomly allocated to receive seven weekly therapy sessions of either CBT or EMDR. Approximately two weeks after completing therapy, a semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant. Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was performed.
Results: Participant reports common to both therapies included developments in insight, a positive shift in emotions, increased activity, improved self-confidence and a healthier mental relationship to the deceased. Participants also responded by describing experiences that were unique to each therapy. Those who completed CBT described the acquisition of emotion regulation tools and shifting from being in an ongoing state of grief to feeling that they were at a new stage in their lives. Participants who completed EMDR reported that distressing memories were less clear and felt more distant from such memories following treatment.
Conclusions: Although both therapies resulted in some similar changes for participants, there were unique experiences associated with each therapy. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for the underlying key processes of each therapy and the processes of recovery in grief.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background:
Current ESC guidelines for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction consider a rise and/or fall of cardiac biomarkers. However, whether rising or falling patterns of high-sensitivity ...cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) improve the discrimination of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) from non-acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has not been evaluated yet.
Methods:
We compared protocols of rising and falling absolute and relative hs-cTnT changes in an unselected emergency department population.
Results:
A total of 635 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-STEMI, or acute symptoms and increased hs-cTnT (>99th percentile) were enrolled. Of these, 572 patients met the inclusion criteria of consistently rising patterns (n=254, 44.4%), consistently falling patterns (n=224, 39.2%), or falling patterns after an initial rise (n=94, 16.4%). Final diagnoses included 66 (11.5%) patients with UAP, 141 (24.7%) patients with non-STEMI, and 365 (63.8%) patients with hs-cTnT elevations not due to ACS. Rising values were found more frequently in patients with non-STEMI, as compared to non-ACS (OR 3.69, 95% CI 2.46–5.53; p<0.0001), and falling patterns were observed more frequently in patients with non-ACS conditions (OR 3.56, 95% CI 2.24–5.63; p<0.001). Addition of rising but not falling changes increased diagnostic performance of hs-cTnT concentrations at presentation: positive: AUC 0.680 (95% CI 0.618–0.742) vs. 0.861 (95% CI 0.822–0.900; p<0.0001), negative: AUC 0.678 (95% CI 0.545–0.812) vs. 0.741 (95% CI 0.635–0.847). A 20% criterion as proposed by ESC guidelines performed equally for positive and negative changes only when admission hs-cTnT values were considered: AUC 0.785 (95% CI 0.726–0.845) vs. AUC 0.763 (95% CI 0.681–0.845); p=ns.
Conclusions:
Detection of rising but not falling hs-cTnT values improves discrimination of non-STEMI from non-ACS in an unselected emergency department population.
The Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiOQ) is a self-report instrument designed to measure both positive and negative changes following the experience of severely stressful events. Previous research ...has focused on the Western context. The aim of this study is to translate the short form of the measure (CiOQ-S) into simplified Chinese and examine its validity and reliability in a sample of Chinese earthquake survivors.
The English language version of the 10-item CiOQ was translated into simplified Chinese and completed along with other measures in a sample of earthquake survivors (n = 120). Statistical analyses were performed to explore the structure of the simplified Chinese version of CiOQ-S (CiOQ-SCS), its reliability and validity.
Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to test the structure of the CiOQ-SCS. The reliability and convergent validity were also assessed. The CiOQ-SCS demonstrated a similar factor structure to the English version, high internal consistency and convergent validity with measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms, anxiety and depression, coping and social support.
The data are comparable to those reported for the original version of the instrument indicating that the CiOQ-SCS is a reliable and valid measure assessing positive and negative changes in the aftermath of adversity. However, the sampling method cannot permit us to know how representative our samples were of the earthquake survivor population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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