The paper presents elements of the theories of J. Baudrillard, P. Bourdieu, and G. Ritzer that are relevant for the context of the development of social thought on the phenomenon of consumption. ...Although the three authors held different perspectives on consumption, they shared the notion of an increasingly important role of consumption in the time and society in which they acted. In their work, consumption was analysed as a salient determinant of social life. The theories of those authors are presented here as dominant within the given periods of the development of social theory on consumption. Baudrillard recognised consumption as a new and important issue, and his criticism of the consumer society was far ahead of the time in which he wrote. In his view, consumer goods are signs and consumption is a type of language. In analogy with Marx's concept of means of production, Baudrillard proposed the concept of means of consumption as consumer sites that are a synthesis of abundance and calculation. Bourdieu constructed a class theory of consumption based on cultural practices. He considered consumer behaviour to be an expression of class position. Class is determined by its position in the system of differences or distinctions from other classes based on cultural practices, objects, and taste. In Ritzer's work, consumption becomes a powerful driving force of contemporary society, with the ultimate purpose of profit-making. He explained changes in contemporary society by the process of McDonaldization that has been increasingly spreading to various areas of social life. Transformations in the structures and interpersonal relationships in contemporary society were explained by Ritzer as a change from the old to the new means of consumption. The concluding part of the paper provides an overview of the three authors' theories in the context of consumer society, emphasising their contribution to the body of theoretical analyses of the phenomenon of consumption.
Cilj rada bio je deskriptivno analizirati stanje proizvodnje, potrošnje i tržišta gnojiva u Republici Hrvatskoj. S prosječnom godišnjom ostvarenom proizvodnjom od 1.201.000 t i prodajom od 1.149.000 ...t, tvornica Petrokemija d.d. iz Kutine je ključni gospodarski subjekt koji se bavi proizvodnjom i prodajom mineralnih gnojiva u Republici Hrvatskoj. Domaće tržište mineralnih gnojiva u recentnom razdoblju karakterizira smanjenje potražnje, značajno povećanje cijena i pozitivna vanjskotrgovinska bilanca. Proizvodnja i potrošnja gnojiva u Republici Hrvatskoj u budućem razdoblju treba respektirati zahtjeve za održivim razvojem poljoprivrede i zaštitom okoliša.
In this paper a comparison of static and dynamic parameters of CMOS logic circuits operated in standard and sub-threshold regimes is presented. Analytic models of logic threshold voltage, logic delay ...and power consumption are derived for the sub-threshold operation regime. Certain analytic models analogies between these two regimes are shown. Threshold voltages of inverter, NAND and NOR logic circuits depend on the same parameters in both regimes. These circuits functional differences appear as a consequence of the drain current analytic model differences in the strong and weak inversion regimes. In both of these regimes, the inverter and transmission gate temperature characteristics are analyzed. Analytic models are verified by PSPICE simulation using the BSIM3 transistor models of the 0.18 μm CMOS technology process.
This paper presents the design of a low-power voltage reference, bias current and the supply voltage for a 9-bit fully differential ADC. The references, power supply circuits and the ADC are ...integrated in one circuit, i.e. chip. The proposed chip is implemented in the UMC 0.18 μm CMOS process and occupies 800×700 μm
2
. The circuit supply voltage VDD is obtained from the external RF signal. When the circuit is active VDD is used as a supply for the rest of the circuitry. The circuit generates supply, reference voltages and currents when VDD exceeds the upper voltage level V
HIGH
≈1.82 V. When VDD is lower than the lower voltage level V
LOW
≈1.35 V, the circuit is off. When the circuit is active, the current consumption is 22 μA. The presented results are based on measurements.
Wohin entwickelt sich die Konsumgesellschaft? Wie ändern sich die Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen der Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher? Zeichnet sich ein Wandel vom industriellen Massenkonsum zum ...individualisierten Digitalkonsum ab? Diesen Fragen widmete sich die dritte Jahrestagung des bundesweiten Netzwerks Verbraucherforschung, deren Ergebnisse der vorliegende Band dokumentiert. Tiefgreifende Transformationen in der Geschichte des Konsums, wie sie die Industrielle Revolution und die Digitalisierung darstellen, können nur durch disziplinübergreifende Forschungsanstrengungen verstanden werden. Neben den klassischen Fächern der Verbraucherwissenschaften wie Wirtschafts-, Rechts-, Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften kommen daher in diesem Band auch historiografische und kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven zum Tragen. Die Veröffentlichung hat zum Ziel, den Austausch aktueller Ergebnisse der verbraucherbezogenen Forschung in Wissenschaft und Politik zu fördern und den Wissenstransfer zu stärken.
This study aims to examine the relationship between the energy consumption (EC) and economic growth (GDP) in the United Kingdom during the period between 1987 and 2007. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) ...and Philips-Perron (PP) unit root tests, the Johansen Cointegration test and standard Granger causality test were applied to examine the relationship between EC and GDP. Since the analysis results indicated no cointegration relationship between the variables of EC and GDP, it was found that there is no long-term relationship between the variables; however, in the short run, there is a unidirectional causality relationship from GDP to EC.
The main purpose of this paper is to comprehensively explore and productively overview the growing research field of demand forecasting in transport. In this analytic context, it seeks to describe, ...critically discuss and fruitfully elaborate on relevant mechanisms and models of demand forecasting, as well as on the particular development and implementation of systematic (or system-wide) approaches. The overview of various theoretical and methodological developments in current prediction models eventually advocates the use of consumer demand models (of dynamic character) to predict demand shares among alternative modes of transport.
Purpose: This paper re-investigates causality between military spending and economic growth by applying autoregressive distributed lag model or ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. ...Furthermore, rolling window approach (RWA) to cointegration is also applied to confirm the established long run relation between the variables. The VECM Granger causality is used to detect the direction of causality between military spending and economic growth. Our empirical exercise indicated long run relationship between military spending and economic growth as confirmed by rolling window approach. Moreover, negative unidirectional causality is found running from defense spending to economic growth. This paper opens up new sights for policy-making authorities to sustain economic growth by curtailing defense spending.
This study attempts to investigate the long-run Granger causality relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission and economic growth in India over the period 1971-2007. The ...augmented Dickey- Fuller test (ADF), Phillips-Perron test (PP) and KPSS test are used to test for Granger causality in cointegration models which take account of the stochastic properties of the variables. The most important result is that there is feedback causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in India which implies that the level of economic activity and energy consumption mutually influence each other; a high level of economic growth leads to a high level of energy consumption and vice versa. The value of the error correction term confirms the expected convergence process in the long-run for carbon emissions and growth in India which
Ovaj rad primjenjuje Campbellovu teoriju "kreativne" potrošnje (2005.) na suvremenu kulturu hrane. U njemu se tvrdi da se osim kuhanja i pripreme hrane i neki oblici vlastita uzgoja hrane mogu ...smatrati "kreativnom" potrošnjom hrane. Pokušavaju se zapravo utvrditi uvjeti i mogući motivi za obje vrste "kreativne" potrošnje hrane koji mogu rasvijetliti društvene, simboličke, izražajne i ekonomske posebnosti novih oblika bavljenja hranom i pomoći opisati kako se oni razlikuju od svojih tradicionalnih obrazaca. Naposljetku, ali ne i manje važno, u radu se tvrdi da nam u onoj mjeri u kojoj su kreativne aktivnosti po definiciji uvijek aktivnosti slobodna vremena, i primjena pojma "kreativne" potrošnje na kulturu hrane također može pružiti bolje razumijevanje kuhanja i vlastita uzgoja hrane kao aktivnosti slobodna vremena.
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