This paper investigates the causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption in Croatia for the period 1952-2010. Using Chow breakpoint test we identified a structural break in the ...year 1989. Therefore, we have conducted our analysis on two sub-samples. The first one refers to the period 1952-1989 while the second one refers to the period 1993-2010. The years between 1990 and 1992 have been omitted from the analysis due to massive damage to the Croatian economy caused by the war at that time. Our findings suggest that there is a bidirectional feedback in the short-run and that causality runs from energy consumption to economic growth in the long-run in the first sub-sample. At that time, especially in mid 1970s, Croatia became a medium developed industrial country with the industry sector as the biggest consumer of energy so energy consumption played an important role in the growth process. After the structural break, we found a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to energy consumption. In this case, energy conservation policies together with the establishment of a competitive energy market may be feasible with little or no detrimental side effects to economic growth and employment.
Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1932 while George Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four between 1945 and 1948. Aldous Huxley and George Orwell’s anti-utopian novels share many similar features and ...thanks to their prophecies of the future of society, they are regarded as dystopian novels par excellence. Huxley and Orwell understood the danger and influence of the mass media over people and marked this event in different ways. In Brave New World, the influence of the media over people was so corroding that citizens inadvertently used advertising sentences in their
speech. Orwell adopted the "telescreens" and drew attention to their obsessive presence in every citizen’s life in Oceania: there, people were obliged to listen carefully to the instructions coming out of the video. The paper does not only compare the fictional worlds of 1984 and Brave New
World, but also deals with consumption as a way of contemporary life and the influence of mass media on the development of consumer mentality. The paper is a verification of the hypothesis that mass media are the creators of utopian and magical reality associated with consumer goods for the purpose of strengthening capitalism and consumer society.
Lifestyle migration literature often focuses on lifestyle migrants as consumers. However, this paper shows how various modes of production are involved in everyday migrant lives as they seek to ...produce the lifestyles sought. The paper's aim is twofold: to explore issues of production in lifestyle migrants' everyday lives, and to examine these migrants' potential contributions to local rural development in lagging rural areas such as Swedish Bergslagen. This aim is addressed through two in-depth interview studies. The findings suggest that the respondents combine lifestyle-led motivations with seeking labour opportunities. Hence, studying these migrants is useful for investigating newcomers' multifunctional rural land use and examining how their engagements with local rural development increases our understanding of their post-migration lives in lagging rural areas.
The paper examines the existence and the direction of causality between the oil consumption and the economic growth in small European countries over the period 1980-2007 for the developed countries ...and 1993-2007 for the transition countries. Our findings show that small European states can be divided into two groups. The first group is characterized by the causality running from real GDP to oil consumption and is composed of the most developed European countries and a number of transition countries. In the former case, the direction of causality is a consequence of a highly developed post-industrial society with a strong tertiary sector. In the case of transition economies the direction of causality can be related to deindustrialization process and transition depression that resulted in a sharp industrial decline and decreased industrial oil demand. The second group is characterized by the causality running from oil consumption to economic growth, in which case the state should employ additional resources in subsidizing oil prices and securing long term and stable oil sources for its economy. In such countries the reduction of oil consumption because of different reasons (external prices shocks, increased taxes on oil and its derivatives, restrictive ecological laws regarding CO
2
emission) could lead to a fall in economic growth.
The structure of energy intensity is not only important for the economists but also for the policymakers since it contributes to the policy debate on the link between energy use and economic growth ...and co-movement of the energy supply and growth policies. This study estimates the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth at per capita and aggregate levels for some transition countries in Europe; Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.. The study also presents the income elasticities of total energy demand by using the ARDL (Auto Regressive Distributed Lag) method.
U članku je opisan intenzitet potrošnje nafte u svijetu tijekom zadnjeg desetljeća, količina prerade nafte kroz korištenje raspoloživih rafinerijskih kapaciteta te obim morskog transporta nafte ...između pozicija njene proizvodnje i potrošnje kao pokazatelj udjela razmjene ovog značajnog primarnog energenta. Opisi su radi preglednosti i lakšeg uočavanja pokazatelja te pamćenja relativnih odnosa, prikazani u mapama svijeta kako bi i zastupljenost po regijama svijeta bila jednako vidljiva i transparentna. Opisi su ažurirani zadnjim cjelovitim bilancama iz 2010. godine a kontinuitet vremenskog pregleda se proteže i na 2005. god. i 2000. god., tako da su uočljivi trendovi po svim značajnim regijama svijeta.
Autor se u ovom radu bavi analizom aktualne fiskalne politike i pokušajem konsolidacije javne potrošnje, te sugerira fiskalnu politiku imanentnu tržišnom privređivanju u vrijeme globalne finansijske ...krize. Nosioci monetarne i fikalne politike danas u BiH nepoduzimaju značajnije mjere u cilju poticanja rasta i razvoja. Javna potrošnja je prekomjerna, javni dug konstantno raste, deficit platne bilanse takođe, kao i nezaposlenost, kapitalna ulaganja u javni i privatni sektor nedostatna, kao i ulaganja u nauku i obrazovanje. U BiH tržišna infrastruktura ne postoji i tržišni zakoni se ne provode, vlade svih nivoa vlasti neefikasne, konsolidacija javne potrošnje se neprovodi, mjere fiskalne politike nedovoljne i nemogu potaknuti privredni rast.
Predložen je sustav/prijenosnik koji je sposobano natjerati pogonski stroj da ostvaruje minimalnu potrošnju goriva za svaku brzinu vrtnje vratila i sve uvjete rada gonjenog stroja ili pogonskog ...člana/kotača. Primijenjen u hibridnim vozilima, omogućava još i optimalnu raspodjelu snage između pogonske baterije i motora s unutrašnjim izgaranjem.
U radu se kao reprezent suvremenih potrošačkih prostora razmatra
trgovački centar. U ovim strukturama pažljivo su kombinirani sadržaji i ponuda, a kupovina se obavlja praktično i u ugodnom okruženju. ...Vrijeme kupovine i dokoličarskih aktivnosti stopili su se u jedinstveno vrijeme potrošnje, dok je sam prostor postao mjesto okupljanja i socijalne živosti. Temeljem rezultata istraživanja, u radu se raspravlja socijalnost u trgovačkom centru. Potrošački prostor promatran je kao mjesto interakcija između prostora i aktera, te aktera međusobno.
Postignuti nalazi pokazuju kako je trgovački centar kreirano okruženje, koje elementima interijera, atmosferikom i sadržajima odašilje poruku s temeljnim ciljem poticanja potrošnje. Premda se trgovački centar manifestira kao socijalno mjesto, a kupovina i potrošnja kao socijalne aktivnosti, socijalnost je u potrošačkom
okruženju prividna i limitirana. Tehnologije sve više zamjenjuju rad prodavača, koji postaju dodaci uređajima, dok su tradicionalne odlike njihovog posla minimalizirane, a komunikacija neiskrena i naučena. Zaključuje se kako se u suvremenim potrošačkim prostorima socijalni odnosi transformiraju u postsocijalne, koje obilježava gubitak spontanosti i reciprociteta, dok odnosi sa stvarima zamjenjuju
odnose s ljudima.
U ovom radu se prikazuju rezultati istraživanja energetskih karakteristika koje se odnose na potrošnju toplinske energije školskih zgrada (osnovne i srednje škole) u regiji jug Federacije Bosne i ...Hercegovine (RJ FBiH). Istraživanje je provedeno prikupljanjem podataka iz dokumenata detaljnih energetskih pregleda na uzorku od 47 školskih zgrada u RJ FBiH i dio je šireg istraživanja čija je svrha analiza energetskih karakteristika školskih zgrada u FBiH i određivanje njihove povezanosti sa troškovima toplinske energije kroz razvoj novih modela koji omogućavaju jednostavniju i bržu procjenu troškova toplinske energije. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja ukazuju na loše energetske karakteristike postojećih školskih zgrada u RJ FBiH. Analiza potrošnje isporučene toplinske energije za grijanje pokazala je kako stvarna potrošnja iznosi 67% od proračunski potrebne i ukazuje na energetski jaz (gap) ili odstupanje između stvarnih i proračunskih vrijednosti potrošnje toplinske energije. Smanjenje potrošnje toplinske energije moguće je postići primjenom mjera za poboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti.
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