The modern way of life, rapid changes and modern lifestyles impose the need to implement changes in education as well. The changes start first with the youngest students (primary grades) through a ...change in their awareness and way of thinking. We cannot ignore the fact that every student has free access to all information through their smart devices, but the art of teachers, as well as challenge of today’s living, is how to make students literate in the area of media literacy and use all that technology in the direction of the progress of the teaching process. Contents, forms, methods and strategies of work are needed that will increase students’ motivation for learning and acquiring permanent knowledge, which are the basis for raising the level of critical thinking. The meaning of media literacy is theoretically explained in this paper and supported by empirical data obtained through a survey of a target group - primary school teachers form I-V grade. This paper deals with the issue of the implementation of media literacy and its impact on developing critical thinking among students. Through empirical research of the opinion of primary school teachers in the Macedonia. This data is the basis for creating a proposed model of education for media literacy that encourages positive changes in teaching and society in general.
We study the effect of the world's largest school feeding program on children's learning outcomes. Staggered implementation across different states of a 2001 Indian Supreme Court Directive mandating ...the introduction of free school lunches in public primary schools generates plausibly exogenous variation in program exposure across different birth cohorts. We exploit this to estimate the effect of program exposure on math and reading test scores of primary school-aged children. We find that prolonged exposure to midday meals has a robust positive effect on learning achievement. We further investigate various channels that may account for this improvement including complementary schooling inputs, heterogeneous responses by socio-economic status, and intra-household redistribution.
•Prolonged exposure to school nutrition improves math and reading test scores.•The effects are more pronounced when complemented with learning infrastructure.•All children, irrespective of gender or wealth, benefit equally from the program.•The learning impact is comparable to those from more direct learning interventions.
In many Internet videos authors appear in front of the camera to present their particular view on a topic. Given the high consumption rate of Internet videos by teenagers, we explored the pros and ...cons of using these videos to learn about complex topics, compared to learning from textual web pages. Specifically, we studied how 207 primary school students (grades 4–6) evaluated and integrated multiple and multimodal web pages (text or video) while learning about the pros and cons of bottled water. Results showed no major role of modality in students' source memory, as measured by citations in their responses to an integration question and their memory for sources. Nevertheless, modality exerted a strong influence on students' beliefs about the topic because, after the study period, they defended the views described in the videos more than those presented in texts. Finally, modality tended to influence students’ integration, with participants who learned from two textual webpages including almost twice as many inferences in their responses as those who learned from two videos. We discuss the results in light of current theories of evaluation and integration of multimodal information and (shallow) digital reading, and we elaborate on the pros and cons of using Internet videos in Primary School.
•Primary school students watched Internet videos and read textual Web pages about a controversy.•Modality played no major role in students' source memory.•Internet videos exerted a strong influence on students' beliefs about the topic.•Textual web pages tended to improve students' integration.
This study analyzes the interactions based on student gender that are promoted by future primary school teachers, with three distinct profiles in the subjects of natural sciences and math. The three ...teacher profiles combine socioemotional variables related to the teaching of these two subjects and variables related to gender bias. 17 class videos of both mathematics and natural sciences in the context of pre-service teacher preparation were analyzed regarding the interactions that took place. A prevalence of interactions directed towards boys was found. Regarding the type of profile, it was found that pre-service teachers with masculine traits promoted more interactions with gender equity. The implications for primary teacher preparation and for the creation of school environments in which girls are encouraged to engage in mathematics and natural sciences are discussed.
To identify the risk factors for stillbirth (SB).
This case-control study was carried out between 1 December 2019 and 30 April 2020. Women whose fetuses died after the 28
th
week of gestation, but ...before delivery and women whose newborns were alive and healthy after delivery were examined. The main variables recorded included maternal age, educational level, medical and obstetrical past histories, number of antenatal visits, whether the woman was referred or not, body mass index (BMI), and sex of newborn. Fisher exact test, t-test and logistic regression were used for comparison. p < .05 was considered statistically significant.
Our frequency of SB was 54/1000 births (63 SB out of 1167 deliveries). Significant risk factors for SB were referred parturient (aOR = 7.76, 95%CI = 2.84-21.20), past-history of SB (aOR = 6.54, 95%CI = 1.27-33.63), primary school educational level (aOR = 5.60, 95%CI = 3.63-9.06), pregnancy followed up by a general practitioner (aOR = 5.38, 95%CI = 1.13-25.65 and BMI ≥30kg/m
2
(aOR = 3.51, 95%CI = 1.32-9.38).
When the above-identified risk factors are present, pregnancy and delivery should be well followed up, if we want to reduce the frequency of SB.
The purpose of this research was to identify the most important pedagogical challenges of primary school education in the e-learning environment. In accordance with this aim, a qualitative research ...design of the meta-synthesis type was selected. Data were collected using Sandelowski & Barroso (2007)'s seven-stage model. For this purpose, after searching for articles in the databases (during the period 1399-1400 for the nationwide researches and 2020-2021 for the foreign researches), finally, out of 217 articles related to the field of this research, 39 articles that directly address the challenges of primary school education in the e-learning environment, were purposefully selected using the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP), and they were entered into the analysis phase. To analyze the data, the content was analyzed using the categorization method. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the findings, the researcher's self-review criteria and peer review method were used. Finally, in-depth analysis of the previous studies resulted in the representation of 11 main categories, 32 concepts and 242 related codes. Findings showed that the identified pedagogical challenges have included issues on the interaction, teachers, students, parents, teaching method, classroom management, monitoring and evaluation, homework and feedback, educational content, learning outcomes and educational resources. Finally, the results of meta-synthesis emphasized the need for rethinking and preparing appropriate educational mechanisms to reduce the effects of challenges and potential problems, and promoting the positive conditions, and some practical suggestions have been point out.
Due to the importance of education for sustainable heritage preservation, it is imperative to pay attention to how heritage is taught in the education system. As a multicultural country with a rich ...cultural heritage, Malaysia is home to four world heritage sites. This paper investigates Malaysia's new primary school curriculum to determine to what extent the core curriculum cultivates an awareness of and sense of respect for heritage. The results reveal a focus on Malaysian intangible cultural heritage in some core subjects, such as history, Bahasa Malaysia, art, and music education.
•Education is critical for sustainable preserving of heritage.•As a multicultural country with a rich cultural heritage, Malaysia is home to four world heritage sites.•This paper investigates Malaysia's new kurikulum standard sekolah rendah (KSSR) in respect to heritage education.•The results showed that, there is a focus on Malaysian cultural heritage in some core subjects.
The study deals with parental involvement in the child’s home preparation. The qualitative research with parents of primary school pupils showed the parental homework attitudes and conditions, and ...reflected changes and strategies in home preparation during pandemic times. Regardless of any pandemic, the results showed differences in homework management; nevertheless, parental help directs to achieve independence and responsibility for the child’s learning, no matter the pandemic.
Tyrime nagrinėjamas tėvų dalyvavimas vaikui ruošiant namų darbus. Kokybinis tyrimas su pradinių klasių mokinių tėvais atskleidė tėvų požiūrį į namų darbų ruošimą ir sąlygas, atspindėjo pokyčius ir strategijas ruošiant namų darbus pandemijos metu. Nepriklausomai nuo pandemijos rezultatai atskleidė skirtumus pagal tai, kaip vaikai ruošia namų darbus; tėvų pagalba padeda siekti savarankiškumo ir didina atsakomybę už vaiko mokymąsi, ir tai nėra susiję su pandemija.
School education is crucial for personal/social development. To confirm the demand for special education any child is required to be assessed. Instruments that measure children’s intellectual ...abilities aid teachers to adapt their teaching environments once pupils with special needs are recognized. This correlational study’s intention was developing, validating and implementing a psychometric test to assess reasoning skill among children. Some of the influencing factors such as age, gender and parents’ educational level were meanwhile investigated. Hence, three subtests that assess abstract, quantitative, nonverbal, matrix and visual reasoning were selected under the supervision of scholars of the field to develop a psychometric test whose internal consistency was calculated through Pearson Coefficient Correlation by giving the test to 150 volunteer participants. All the calculated values declared high internal consistency. Then, 222 male and female preschool, first grade and second grade students were selected through multiple stage stratified sampling to participate in the study. Their reasoning ability was compared based on age, gender and parents’ educational level using ANOVA and tukey tests in SPSS22. The findings regarding age and parents’ educational level were controversial: younger children had better reasoning skills also children of fathers with lower academic degrees outperformed their peers. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding gender. Such findings could help educational policy makers and scholars of educational psychology to fill the gaps of educational contents and environments specifically during early school education. The developed instrument assists teachers modify teaching methods and environments to help weaker children flourish cognitively.
PDF
