Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) in Chongqing primary school students aged 6~13 years, and analyze their ...depression situation. Methods Cluster sampling was used to conduct psychological assessment on 30 088 students aged 6~13 years from 56 primary schools in an urban area of Chongqing during December 2020 and January 2021. Cronbach's α coefficient, Pearson correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the reliability and validity of CDI. ANOVA test and t test were used to analyze the depression of students. Results ① The reliability analysis showed that the total internal consistency coefficient of CDI was 0.830, the α coefficient of each subscale was 0.488~0.752, and the partial correlation coefficient was 0.867. In the validity analysis, content validity showed that, except for item 26, the correlation coefficients between the other items and the total score were ≥0.34
•Movement integration in classrooms is an effective way to increase physical activity levels.•Primary school students believe movement lessons are fun and that they help them learn.•Primary school ...students connect movement in the classroom to their fitness development.•Students positively perceive movement in the classroom and want more movement in school.
Whole-of-school physical activity programming is being advocated internationally, with movement integration in the classroom considered an effective method to increase physical activity throughout the school day. Students (N = 135) from two primary schools in the West of Ireland participated in this study. Data were collected using draw-and-write (N = 135) and focus group interviews (N = 24). Three themes were evident across data types and revealed that students thought the Moving to Learn Ireland active lessons were fun, that they learned academic content better, and the lessons contributed to their fitness development. In conclusion, children who participated in this study positively perceived movement integration lessons in their classrooms. The results of this study can inform future movement integration interventions.
Latar belakang: Infeksi kronis dari soil transmitted helminth (STH) dapat menyebabkan gangguan gizi, pertumbuhan dan kognitif pada anak. Untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi STH, diperlukan identifikasi ...faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Seraya Timur, Karangasem, Bali.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mengambil total sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020. Data primer mengenai faktor-faktor risiko infeksi STH dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Diagnosis infeksi STH dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan tinja dengan metode Kato-Katz. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH.
Hasil: Sebanyak 83 siswa yang berusia 6-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 9 siswa (10.84%) yang terinfeksi STH dengan intensitas infeksi ringan. Sebanyak 55.56% terinfeksi Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dan 11.11% terinfeksi cacing tambang. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan infeksi STH diantaranya adalah sering bermain tanah (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), bermain tanpa alas kaki (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278) tidak mencuci tangan setelah bermain tanah (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) dan tidak memotong kuku secara rutin (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388). Pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan mampu memberikan efek proteksi terhadap infeksi STH (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449).
Kesimpulan: Kebersihan diri menjadi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan promosi kesehatan terkait kebersihan diri disamping pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan.
Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, infeksi STH, anak sekolah dasar
Abstract
Background: Chronic soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection might cause nutritional, growth and cognitive impairment in children. Identifying the risk factors of STH infection is crucially needed to minimize the infection effects. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with STH infections among primary school students in Seraya Timur Village, Karangasem, Bali.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. The study was conducted in January 2020. Risk factors data were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of STH infection was done by stool examination with the Kato-Katz method. The chi-square test was used to determine the risk factors associated with STH infection.
Results: 83 students with ages ranging from 6-12 years participated in this study. There were 9 students (10.84%) whose infected with mild infection of STH. 55.56% of students were infected by Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% were Ascaris lumbricoides infections and 11.11% were hookworm infections. There were several risk factors that significantly associated with STH infection including ground’s playing (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), barefoot (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278), did not wash hands after playing soil (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) and did not routinely cut their nails (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388). Deworming every six months could provide a protective effect against STH infection (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449).
Conclusion: Personal hygiene is a risk factor associated with STH infection. It is recommended to increase personal hygiene promotion besides dewormed every six months.
Keywords: Risk factors, STH infection, primary school students
Digital smart board is one of interactive technology tools which has been used widely in schools to facilitate teaching and learning. Empirical evidence shows that digital smart board allows students ...to construct their knowledge while mastering more advanced thinking skills. Thus integration of digital smart board facilitates active learning, which is fundamental to mastery of skills. Active learning using smart board program is a program which integrates smart board in Data Handling so that primary school students can learn Data Handling concept actively and meaningfully. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of active learning using smart board program to enhance primary school students’ learning. Five experts in teaching Mathematics Education and thirty year five students were involved in this study. The students were selected based on purposive sampling. This study used both quantitative and qualitative research approach. A set of interview protocol and a set of questionnaire were used during the data collection phase. Findings from the questionnaire were analysed based on descriptive and inferential statistics by using Winsteps Version 3.72.3. In addition, thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Findings from the study indicate that active learning using smart board program has the attributes which can effectively enhance primary school students’ learning. It is hoped that the results from this study can contribute towards development of active learning strategies, methods or activities using smart board in order to enhance primary students’ learning in school.
Measuring the current situation of civic literacy of senior primary school students (grade 5 and 6) and exploring its affecting factors is the basis for improving the effectiveness of civic education ...at this stage.
The research developed the measurement questionnaire through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and other methods. It then was distributed nationwide online through stratified and cluster sampling, through which 1642 valid questionnaires were finally collected. The study took mean analysis, difference analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis.
The statistical results eventually showed the civic literacy of China's senior primary school students is, on the whole, at a comparatively high level. Chinese scholars Zhang Jiajun and Xu Jiao combined the particularity of civic literacy to divide it into four dimensions and the performance of the four dimensions of civic literacy is revealed to be: civic affection > civic cognition > civic competence > civic behavior. Further, a significant difference exists in students' civic literacy by gender (girls' civic literacy scores
= 299.53,
= 28.15,
= 785 are significantly higher than the boys' civic literacy scores
= 293.18,
= 32.25,
= 857,
= 4.263,
< 0.01), and whether they have been student leaders (those students who served as student leaders
= 304.33,
= 26.57,
= 649 those who were not student leaders
= 290.86,
= 31.69,
= 984,
= 9.272,
< 0.01).
The family social economic status (SES) and school education were significantly positively correlated with students' civic literacy. Based on this, primary schools should implement educational compensation for cultivating civic literacy among the socioeconomically disadvantaged senior primary school students and carry out civic education according to the specific conditions of civic literacy of senior students.
Introduction: The prevalence of hypertension in children is increasing, and this complication is considered the most important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in older age. Early detection ...and control of hypertension can prevent its progress and reduce its consequences. Machine learning methods can help predict this complication promptly and reduce cost and time. This study aimed to provide a model based on ensemble machine learning methods to more accurately predict the hypertension of primary school children. Method: This is an applied developmental study that was conducted using the information of 1287 primary school children aged 7 -13 years in Kashmar city. After data preprocessing, to achieve a more accurate diagnosis of hypertension in children, the output results of five common machine learning methods in disease diagnosis including decision tree, naive Bayesian, nearest neighbors, artificial neural network, and support vector machine using weighted majority voting method were combined. Results: The results showed that the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the proposed model were 90.31%, 80.65%, and 93.54%, respectively, and compared to similar studies it performed better. Conclusion : The proposed model can better predict and diagnose hypertension in children and improve accuracy and reduce the error rate. This model can be a useful and early tool in the diagnosis of hypertension in children, reducing the consequences and costs of this complication and being a big step in the fight against hypertension.
•Both unplugged and plugged-in programming are effective in improving CT skills in early primary students, and unplugged programming is more effective.•Unplugged and plugged-in programming can reduce ...the impact of existing programming experience.•In unplugged groups, programming interest and programming confidence affect students’ CT skills.•Unplugged programming is better for boys and students with programming experience for CT improvement.•In unplugged group, students’ programming interest and programming confidence levels were positively correlated with CT improvement.
Recently, the development of computational thinking (CT) skills has become widespread in the whole world. There is a consensus to develop students’ CT skills through unplugged and plugged-in programming. However, the choice of programming approaches taught in schools is arbitrary and few studies have compared the effectiveness differences between unplugged and plugged-in programming. This study aimed to explore the differences between unplugged and plugged-in programming in developing CT skills of students in Grades 1-2 students. It also explored the joint effects of students’ gender, programming experience, programming interest, and programming confidence with different programming approaches on CT skills. The quasi-experimental research approach was used to conduct 10 weeks of unplugged, plugged-in, and regular programming activities with 124 Grades 1-2 students. The results found that unplugged programming promoted CT skills more in the early primary grades than plugged-in programming. We found that boys and students with programming experience in unplugged group performed significantly better in CT skills than in plugged-in group. Moreover, the improvement of CT skills of students in unplugged group was positively correlated with the level of their programming interest and programming confidence. However, these were not observed in plugged-in group. The results of this study can provide precise guidance for teaching CT skills to early primary school students and provide references for CT education.
In this study, it is aimed to reinforce the use of multimedia technologies in teaching primary schoolchildren with intellectual disabilities. The study was conducted in the spring semester of ...2021–2022, and the quantitative research method was used in the study conducted with the participation of 262 elementary school students. Within the scope of the study, 3-week multimedia education online training was also provided to the students. In the study, the ‘multimedia in primary education’ measurement tool developed by the researchers was used to collect data. The data collection tool used in the study was delivered to and collected from primary school students by the online survey method with the help of their families. The analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS programme; frequency analysis was carried out with the t-test; and the results obtained were added to the study accompanied by tables. As a result of the research, it was found that multimedia technologies have values that benefit primary school students within the field.
Keywords: Intellectual disability, primary school students, multimedia, distance education;
•A large adventure playground was rated highest for all three outcomes.•A giant slide and interactive areas were rated 2nd and 3rd for park visitation.•An obstacle course and giant slide were rated ...2nd and 3rd for physical activity.•Interactive areas and obstacle course were rated 2nd and 3rd for social interaction.
Social interaction and physical activity are of paramount importance to children’s health and development and parks are one setting where children can be active and interact with others. However, the specific features of parks that promote or support physical activity and social interaction are not well-understood. The aim of this study was to examine the perceived importance of a selection of park features for encouraging park visitation, park-based physical activity and social interaction among children. Participants (n = 272, 9.6 ± 1.1 years, 51 % female) attending primary schools in Melbourne, Australia completed a survey during school time. They rated (from 1 to 10) digital images of 42 park features according to how much each feature would make them want to “visit the park”, “be active in the park” and “be with other people in the park”. Mean rating scores were calculated for the whole sample, and separately for males and females. For each condition (visit, active, social), each feature was then assigned a ranking from 1 to 42 (1 representing highest mean rating score). A large adventure playground was the highest rated image for all three outcomes. The next highest rated images were: a giant slide and interactive areas for park visitation; an obstacle course and giant slide for park-based physical activity; and interactive areas and an obstacle course for social interaction. Many differences in ratings were observed by gender, highlighting the importance of considering all demographic groups. This study reveals important perspectives from children about which park features should be prioritised in park design to encourage them to visit parks and to be active and social during their park visits. This evidence will inform planners and urban designers to create parks that better suit the needs of children, particularly in relation to social interaction and physical activity.
The purpose of this study is to determine the age-specific features of the manifestation of differences in the strength fitness of younger grade boys who attend a karate class at the sports and ...health stage. Materials and methods. The study participants were 57 children who were tested to determine their level of strength abilities. They were divided into four age groups: 7-year-old boys (n=14), 8-year-old boys (n=15), 9-year-old boys (n=15), and 10-year-old boys (n=13). The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The children’s technical level corresponded to the student grades of 10th or 9th Kyu (Orange Belt). The solution of the set tasks involved the use of the following research methods: review and analysis of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, timing of educational tasks, testing of strength abilities, pedagogical ascertaining experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Statistically significant age-specific differences were observed between the groups of boys aged 7 and 8 in the results of the following tests: push-ups (р=0.0001), 30 second sit-ups (р=0.001), pull-ups and chin-ups (р=0.008), flexed-arm hang (р=0.003), left hand dynamometry (р=0.023), standing long jump (р=0.0001); between the groups of boys aged 8 and 9 in the results of the following tests: 30 second sit-ups (р=0.046), pull-ups and chin-ups (р=0.004), flexed-arm hang (р=0.002); between the groups of boys aged 9 and 10 in the results of the following tests: standing long jump (р=0.014). Conclusions. It was established that the boys have differences in various structural elements that characterize strength indicators. And these differences are in line with the age indicators and technical level of the karatekas.
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