With the end of civil war in 1991, Ethiopias government launched a New Education and Training Policy in 1994 which, by the early 2000s, had already produced remarkable results. The gross enrollment ...ratio rose from 20 to 62 percent in primary education between 1993-94 and 2001-02; and in secondary and higher education it climbed, respectively, from 8 to 12 percent and from 0.5 to 1.7 percent. Yet the government can hardly afford to rest on its laurels. Primary education is still not universal, and already there are concerns about plummeting educational quality and the growing pressures to expand post-primary education. Addressing these challenges will require more resources, both public and private. Yet money alone is insufficient. Focusing on primary and secondary education, Education in Ethiopia argues for wise tradeoffs in the use of resourcesa result that will often require reforming the arrangements for service delivery. These changes, in turn, need to be fostered by giving lower levels of government more leeway to adapt central standardssuch as those for teacher recruitment and school constructionto local conditions, including local resource constraints; and by strengthening accountability for results at all levels of administration in the education system.
Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Analysis takes stock of education in Sub-Saharan Africa by drawing on the collective knowledge gained through the preparation of Country Status Reports ...for more than 30 countries. The analysis is based on a cross-country dataset which combines both administrative and household survey data to describe aspects of enrollment and student flow, disparities, out-of-school children, finance, management, quality, social impact and the link between education systems and labor markets. The book provides those concerned with education in Sub-Saharan Africa with an analysis of the sector from a cross-country perspective aimed at drawing lessons that individual country studies alone cannot provide. The comparative perspective is useful not only in terms of showing the range of possibilities in key education policy variables, but also for the purpose of learning from the best performers in the region.
Background. The study examined the relationship between parents’ involvement and pupils’ academic performance in Lira City. Methodology A cross-sectional design was used and both the qualitative and ...quantitative techniques of collecting and analyzing data were exploited. Qualitative techniques were applied to the data collected using documentary review while quantitative techniques were applied to data collected using questionnaires. The study had a target population of 332 participants from which 178 respondents were selected using Kreijcie & Morgan's (1970) table of determining sample size. Results The correlation between parents volunteering and the academic performance of pupils in the Lira West division was 0.321 with a sig value of 0.071. This indicated an insignificant relationship between parents volunteering and the academic performance of pupils in Lira City. The correlation between home environment and academic performance of pupils in primary schools was 0.563 with a sig value of 0.001. This indicated a significant positive relationship between the home environment and the academic performance of pupils in the Lira West division, Lira City. Therefore, the home environment for primary pupils influences their academic performance in Lira City. The correlation between parents’ care and the academic performance of pupils in primary schools was 0.741 with a sig value of 0.000. This indicated a significant positive relationship between parents’ care and the academic performance of pupils in the Lira West division, Lira district. Conclusion: In conclusion, parents’ care by providing fees and scholastic materials to primary pupils influences their academic performance Lira West division. Recommendation: There should be sensitization of parents on their role in the academic performance of their children in primary schools within the Lira West division, Lira City.
Airborne Culturable Fungi in Primary Schools Fouladi-Fard, Reza; Vaezi, Najmeh; Mahvi, Amir Hossein ...
Journal of School Administration Research and Development,
10/2023, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of this current research was to investigate airborne fungi in indoor environments at primary schools. The study also examined the correlation between these fungi and building characteristics, ...as well as some geographical and meteorological parameters. To achieve this aim, a passive sampling method was used. In this study, 148 samples were collected from the indoor environments of 24 schools located in Qom, Iran. To collect the samples, passive sampling was performed using Petri plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The characteristics of school buildings were evaluated by checklist. The mean ± SD fungal load of indoor air in selected schools was found to be 10.1 ± 14.0 colonies (CFU/dm2/ h). According to the IMA standard, the majority of the classes (71.7%) were in very good condition. The dominant species were as follows: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candidus, and Aspergillus flavus. Furthermore, the fungal load of girls’ schools was significantly higher than that of the boys' schools (p < .05). The correlation analysis using the Pearson test showed that there was a direct correlation between the mean fungal load of classrooms and the number of students (p < .01). The highest concentration of fungi was found on the ground floor and in poor ventilation conditions (p < .05). During the study, it was found that schools located in the western part of Qom, Iran, had a higher concentration of fungi. This can be attributed to their exposure to the prevailing winds and the penetration of outdoor dusty air into indoor environments. The large number of students in each class and the inappropriate ventilation, which are the causes of airborne culturable fungi of these classes, call for the need for proper operation of school buildings.
This education status report (ESR), prepared at the request of the Government of South Sudan (GoSS), provides a comprehensive snapshot of an education sector that is emerging from a long period of ...civil strife. It confirms the strong appetite among the people for education; in turn, more educated citizens are needed to provide the bedrock of the new country and its prospects. The purpose of this report is to enhance the knowledge base for policy development in the education sector and, more broadly, create a platform for engaging a diverse audience in dialogue on education policies in the new country. The ultimate aim is to help develop a shared vision for the future of the education system among government, citizens, and partners in Africa's newest nation. The report clearly shows that the education system in South Sudan faces all the challenges of a new nation that is making a visible effort to catch up quickly from a very low base by rapidly increasing student enrollment. These challenges include a concentration of students in the early grades; a high proportion of overage students, repetition, and dropout; and weak levels of student learning. Further, the report indicates that South Sudan is beginning to feel the effects of its success at increasing enrollment at the primary level with growing demand for secondary and higher education. The report also highlights the low overall quality of education, and emphasizes that quality of education and accountability of the education sector should become central considerations early on in the development of the education system. Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of South Sudan's unique Alternative Education System (AES), which will continue to play a central part in the education system for years to come. The majority of youth and adults in the country today may never benefit from formal basic education, but their learning needs must be met if South Sudan is to build a solid state and society. The AES is currently offering accelerated learning programs to more than 200,000 youth and adults and holds significant promise.
The book offers an overview of international examples, studies, and guidelines on how to create successful partnerships in education. PPPs can facilitate service delivery and lead to additional ...financing for the education sector as well as expanding equitable access and improving learning outcomes.
The context of the implementation of the renovation of the 2018 General Education Program has been posing a requirement to improve the roles and responsibilities of educational institution management ...staff, including primary school administrators, following the trend of decentralization of management, strengthening the autonomy and accountability of schools in implementing educational plans. However, the current situation of the quality of management staff is still inconsistent with the program requirements. Stemming from the actual context, the article proposes measures to improve the roles and responsibilities of primary school administrators to meet the requirements of the 2018 General Education Program.
Social disruption caused by natural disasters often interrupts educational opportunities for children. However, little is known about children's learning in the following years. This study examined ...change in academic scores for children variably exposed to a major bushfire in Australia. Comparisons were made between children attending high, medium, and low disaster-affected primary schools 2-4 years after the disaster (n = 24,642; 9-12 years). The results showed that in reading and numeracy expected gains from Year 3 to Year 5 scores were reduced in schools with higher levels of bushfire impact. The findings highlight the extended period of academic impact and identify important opportunities for intervention in the education system to enable children to achieve their academic potential. Author abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between parent involvement and academic achievements of primary pupils in Kole North County, Kole District. Methodology The study ...was a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional survey research design. Further, it was both quantitative and qualitative. The study used 32 head teachers of primary schools in Kole North County, Kole District as the respondents of this study. Results The findings revealed that 87% of the respondents were males and 13% of the respondents were females. Also, 59.4% of the respondents were aged 41-50 years, 28.1% of the respondents were aged 51-60 years and 12.5% of the respondents were aged 31- 40 years. The correlation between parents’ discussions with pupils and their academic performance in a secondary school within Kole North County was 0.843 with a sig value of 0.001. The correlation between parents’ attendance of school programs and completion of primary education by primary pupils was 0.411 with a sig. value of 0.018. This indicates a positive significant relationship between parents’ attendance of school programs and completion of primary education by primary pupils in North Kole County. Conclusions The education level of parents and parents’ involvement in providing scholastic materials and attending school programs contributes to the academic achievements of their children in Kole North County. Recommendations Parents should strive hard to provide school requirements in time to avoid sending students home as well as lack of scholastic materials. Parents should also do extra coaching of the children using a private tutor to help their children excel with better grades.
Abstract
Background
There is limited information on the effect of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different settings.
Methods
We reviewed published studies/data on detection of ...SARS-CoV-2 infection in contacts of COVID-19 cases, serological studies, and studies of infections in schools.
Results
Compared to younger/middle-aged adults, susceptibility to infection for children younger than 10 years is estimated to be significantly lower, while estimated susceptibility to infection in adults older than 60 years is higher. Serological studies suggest that younger adults (particularly those younger than 35 years) often have high cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. There is some evidence that given limited control measures, SARS-CoV-2 may spread robustly in secondary/high schools, and to a lesser degree in primary schools, with class size possibly affecting that spread. There is also evidence of more limited spread in schools when some mitigation measures are implemented. Several potential biases that may affect these studies are discussed.
Conclusions
Mitigation measures should be implemented when opening schools, particularly secondary/high schools. Efforts should be undertaken to diminish mixing in younger adults, particularly individuals aged 18–35 years, to mitigate the spread of the epidemic in the community.
Our literature review suggests that compared to younger/middle-aged adults, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children aged <10 years is relatively low, while susceptibility in adults aged >60 years is higher. Mitigation measures should be implemented when opening schools, particularly secondary/high schools.
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