Purpose. The requirements for training teachers for the general education system in the Russian Federation are defined by the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education in the field of ..."Pedagogical Education". The standard document defines universal and general professional competencies that are mandatory for all education (preschool, primary, basic general education and others). Professional competencies are defined on the basis of the professional standard "Teacher", specifically for each field and type of professional activity. The subject of the analysis is the search for an approach to forming the future primary school teachers' professional competencies. The main purpose of the article is to describe the technology of forming the future primary school teachers' professional competencies within a specific academic discipline.
Methods. The research is based on a regulatory documents review, psychological and pedagogical literature analysis, and educational process examination.
Results. The article presents the experience in organizing the study of a particular discipline. The discipline provides emotional and personal immersion of the future teachers into the professional activity and practical skills development. The author describes the ways to implement and apply effective teaching methods when organizing various types of classes in higher education institution.
Practical application of the results. The findings are of direct practical relevance as can be useful for organizing the educational process in higher educational institutions in terms of the successful completion of basic educational programs and programs of additional education (specifically, retraining).
Technical debt (TD) requires the management of several technical and nontechnical aspects. Based on 10 years of research and practice, we have created an effective approach, TD Pulse, to assess TD ...management in large software companies and find critical improvement areas.
IMPORTANCE: Complex medication regimens pose self-management challenges, particularly among populations with low levels of health literacy. OBJECTIVE: To test medication management tools delivered ...through a commercial electronic health record (EHR) with and without a nurse-led education intervention. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 3-group cluster randomized clinical trial was performed in community health centers in Chicago, Illinois. Participants included 794 patients with hypertension who self-reported using 3 or more medications concurrently (for any purpose). Data were collected from April 30, 2012, through February 29, 2016, and analyzed by intention to treat. INTERVENTIONS: Clinics were randomly assigned to to groups: electronic health record–based medication management tools (medication review sheets at visit check-in, lay medication information sheets printed after visits; EHR-alone group), EHR-based tools plus nurse-led medication management support (EHR plus education group), or usual care. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes at 12 months included systolic blood pressure (primary outcome), medication reconciliation, knowledge of drug indications, understanding of medication instructions and dosing, and self-reported medication adherence. Medication outcomes were assessed for all hypertension prescriptions, all prescriptions to treat chronic disease, and all medications. RESULTS: Among the 794 participants (68.6% women; mean SD age, 52.7 9.6 years), systolic blood pressure at 12 months was greater in the EHR-alone group compared with the usual care group by 3.6 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.3 to 6.9 mm Hg). Systolic blood pressure in the EHR plus education group was not significantly lower compared with the usual care group (difference, −2.0 mm Hg; 95% CI, −5.2 to 1.3 mm Hg) but was lower compared with the EHR-alone group (−5.6 mm Hg; 95% CI, −8.8 to −2.4 mm Hg). At 12 months, hypertension medication reconciliation was improved in the EHR-alone group (adjusted odds ratio OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9) and the EHR plus education group (adjusted odds ratio OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.3) compared with usual care. Understanding of medication instructions and dosing was greater in the EHR plus education group than the usual care group for hypertension medications (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.8) and all medications combined (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.8). Compared with usual care, the EHR tools alone and EHR plus education interventions did not improve hypertension medication adherence (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6-1.4 for both) or knowledge of chronic drug indications (OR for EHR tools alone, 1.0 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.5 and OR for EHR plus education, 1.1 95% CI, 0.7-1.7). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The study found that EHR tools in isolation improved medication reconciliation but worsened blood pressure. Combining these tools with nurse-led support suggested improved understanding of medication instructions and dosing but did not lower blood pressure compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01578577
The relevance is due to the intensive distribution of digital technologies in all spheres of activity of modern society. The importance of the digital transformation of the educational process is due ...to the global processes of transition to the digital economy and digital society. It is up to the education sector to decide what these prospects will be. The research problem is: what are the trends of digital transformation of education in modern conditions? The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for digital transformation in education, which is based on legislative and other legal acts of the Russian Federation, data from international classification and analytical agencies, materials of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and statistical surveillance. The following methods have been used in the research: analysis, synthesis, analog method. The results. The article discusses the problems of the spread of digital technologies, noted the widespread use of information and communication (digital) technologies in education, which is associated with the change in the settings in the field of socio-economic development, identifies the main areas of development of digital educational technologies that will help to expand the possibilities of learning. creation of a single digital educational space. The necessity of creation of infrastructure, normative and methodological base, which will facilitate realization of priority projects of digital transformation of education is justified. The main trends of digital transformation in the development of educational processes have been highlighted. Based on an assessment of the current state of the Russian education system and its comparison with world trends, the main directions of the necessary changes have been identified, each of which should be the subject of self-study, with specific goals, priorities set and a roadmap formed by the roadmap for implementing the information system Key Conclusions. The identified trends show the need to improve the quality of education through the use of information and communication technologies. The results of the research testify to the demand of specialists in the field of information and communication technologies in the labor market. The Russian education system has created the necessary base for the use of information and technological infrastructure, regulatory and legal support and application of information technologies in the educational process, which should be the basis for the participation of Russian universities in the digital economy. State-run education programs will help build a quality education system at all levels.
This paper draws on a study of the implementation of business process reengineering (BPR) in a UK National Health Service (NHS) hospital to examine the challenge of effecting a transformatory shift ...to a new form of process organization in a large and complex public service organization. The paper’s theoretical and empirical interests go beyond BPR by bringing together literatures about organizational transformation, new organizational forms and the new public management (NPM) in a novel way. Data reveal important limits to intended organizational transformation and develop findings about sedimented rather than transformational change and the limitations of radical top-down change strategies in professionalized public service organizations. Within the domain of public service organizations, the paper also advances a new argument about why intended moves to post-NPM forms may remain contained in scope.
Nursing home patients often have multiple diagnoses and a high prevalence of polypharmacy and are at risk of experiencing adverse drug events. The study aims to explore the dynamic interactions of ...stakeholders and work system elements in the medication administration process in a nursing home ward. Data were collected using observations and interviews. A deductive content analysis led to a SEIPS-based process map and an accompanying work system analysis. The study increases knowledge of the complexity of the medication administration process by portraying the dynamic interactions between the major stakeholders in the work system, and the temporal flow of the activities involved. Secondly, it identifies facilitators and barriers in the work system linked to the medication administration process. Most barriers and facilitators are associated with the work system elements – tools & technology, organisation and tasks – and occur early in the medication administration process.
•Nurses are the only professional stakeholders involved in all the stages of the MAP.•Most barriers are associated with ordering, the first stage of the MAP.•A novel description of the MAP by using SEIPS as a conceptual model is introduced.
(1) Background: Evidence suggests that organizational processes of hospitals have an impact on patient-professional interactions. Within the nurse-patient interaction, nurses play a key role ...providing social support. Factors influencing the nurse-patient interaction have seldomly been researched. We aimed to examine whether the process organization in hospitals is associated with breast cancer patients’ perceived social support from nurses.; (2) Methods: Data analysis based on a cross-sectional patient survey (2979 breast cancer patients, 83 German hospitals) and information on hospital structures. Associations between process organization and perceived social support were analyzed with logistic hierarchical regression models adjusted for patient characteristics and hospital structures.; (3) Results: Most patients were 40–69 years old and classified with UICC stage II or III. Native language, age and hospital ownership status showed significant associations to the perception of social support. Patients treated in hospitals with better process organization at admission (OR 3.61; 95%-CI 1.67, 7.78) and during the hospital stay (OR 2.11; 95%-CI 1.04; 4.29) perceived significantly more social support from nurses.; (4) Conclusions: Designing a supportive nursing work environment and improving process organization in hospitals may create conditions conducive for a supportive patient-nurse interaction. More research is needed to better understand mechanisms behind the associations found.
The article is dedicated to the issue of student involvement in higher education quality assurance and evaluation – a vital and highly relevant issue in today’s higher education of Ukraine. Changes ...instigated by the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education» of 2014, foresee an active role of students in the formation and evaluation of higher education quality as 1) final beneficiaries, 2) interviewees and participants in accreditation of study programmes, 3) external evaluation experts during study programmes accreditation, as ruled by current legislation. Taking into account the significance of students’ role in quality assurance, it is necessary to find out:
how university students interpret quality of higher education and higher education quality assurance;
how students perceive their role in the formation and enhancement of higher education quality;
to what extend they are ready and committed to influence and improve the quality of higher education.
Accordingly, the aim of this article is to investigate students’ opinion on the quality of Ukraine’s higher education. To this end, students’ survey was conducted with the focus on the following:
what is quality and quality assurance in students’ opinion;
how respondents assess the quality of education in their HEI and in Ukraine in general;
whether students can influence the quality of study programmes and quality of higher education;
what hinders improvement of study programmes and enhancement of quality of higher education.
The survey was conducted in May – October 2020; the respondents were 115 students of five Ukrainian universities (years three and four of bachelor programmes and master students) who volunteered to take part in the survey.
The research resulted in the following conclusions:
1) There is no integral, holistic understanding of higher education quality among student community. Representatives of different HEIs interpret higher education quality differently, though in total 60% of respondents interpret quality as « new, relevant information and knowledge».
2) On the whole, respondents value the quality of higher education rather low: only 25% of students regard it as high. At the same time, most of surveyed students rate the quality of their study programme higher, than the quality of higher education in their university or the quality of educational services in Ukraine in general.
3) Students of different HEIs are rather diverse in their interpretation of quality assurance of higher education and choice of different means for quality enhancement. On the whole, respondents give preference to those tools that anticipate active students’ participation in quality assurance, like asking the teacher to change the manner of teaching, or leaving a complaint with student self-government, discussing the quality of teaching in a focus group, or filling in an evaluation questionnaire.
4) Students who participated in the survey demonstrated critical thinking and fair judgement of their negative impact on the quality of higher education by stating that low student motivation is the most significant factor that obstructs quality enhancement. Other factors cited by respondents include low teacher motivation, underdeveloped infrastructure at HEIs, teacher workload.
5) The positive finding of the survey is that the majority of students are confident in their capability to influence the quality of higher education in their HEI and only 21% responded they are deprived of the possibility improve higher education quality.
Aims and objectives
To explore which knowledge sources newly graduated nurses’ use in clinical decision‐making and why and how they are used.
Background
In spite of an increased educational focus on ...skills and competencies within evidence‐based practice, newly graduated nurses’ ability to use components within evidence‐based practice with a conscious and reflective use of research evidence has been described as being poor. To understand why, it is relevant to explore which other knowledge sources are used. This may shed light on why research evidence is sparsely used and ultimately inform approaches to strengthen the knowledgebase used in clinical decision‐making.
Design and methods
Ethnographic study using participant‐observation and individual semistructured interviews of nine Danish newly graduated nurses in medical and surgical hospital settings.
Results
Newly graduates use of knowledge sources was described within three main structures: ‘other’, ‘oneself’ and ‘gut feeling’. Educational preparation, transition into clinical practice and the culture of the setting influenced the knowledge sources used. The sources ranged from overt easily articulated knowledge sources to covert sources that were difficult to articulate. The limited articulation of certain sources inhibited the critical reflection on the reasoning behind decisions. Reflection is a prerequisite for an evidence‐based practice where decisions should be transparent in order to consider if other evidentiary sources could be used.
Conclusion and relevance to clinical practice
Although there is a complexity and variety to knowledge sources used, there is an imbalance with the experienced nurse playing a key role, functioning both as predominant source and a role model as to which sources are valued and used in clinical decision‐making. If newly graduates are to be supported in an articulate and reflective use of a variety of sources, they have to be allocated to experienced nurses who model a reflective, articulate and balanced use of knowledge sources.
Objective. To survey the application of PDCA (plan, do, check, and action) process management in day operation ward and the influence of nursing quality and safety. Methods. The routine nursing ...management was carried out in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2020, which was set as the control group (N=20), and the PDCA process management was implemented from March 2020 to March 2021 as the research group (N=20). Twenty nurses and patients were selected as subjects in two periods of time. The nursing quality, the score of individual quality control examination in clinical department, the nursing quality of operating room, the incidence of adverse events and nursing errors, the number of problems existing in the quality management of nursing documents, and the score of nursing satisfaction were accessed. Results. In the comparison of nursing quality, the nursing safety, specialty quality, and nursing norms of the study group were higher compared to the control (P<0.05). In terms of the scores of individual quality control examination in clinical departments, the scores of ward management, rescue, therapeutic articles, drug management, first-level nursing, nursing documents, and head nurses in the study group were greater compared to the control (P<0.05). In terms of the operating room nursing quality score, the instrument management, instrument preparation, nurses’ cooperation skills, disinfection and isolation quality, and the total score of the study group were above the control (P<0.05). In terms of the incidence of operative adverse events and nursing errors, the incidence of nosocomial infection, iatrogenic injury, information check error, equipment failure, violation of operation regulations, ECG monitoring error, infusion operation error, and medication error in the study group was lower compared to the control (P<0.05). According to the comparison of the number of problems existing in the quality management of nursing documents, the number of problems in temperature sheet, medical order, evaluation sheet, nursing record, and other nursing documents in the study group was lower than the control (P<0.05). The scores of nursing communication, professional technology, nursing service attitude, nursing environment, and knowledge education in the study group were higher in contrast to the control (P<0.05). Conclusion. The application of PDCA management can effectively enhance the nursing quality and safety of the day operation ward, further facilitate the quality of hospital nursing work, and improve patient satisfaction, which exert great potential, and application value in the management of day ward in the future.
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