Procrastination is a common behavior with several negative outcomes. At work, it can be harmful for both organizations and employees. However, its unique nature has only been briefly studied. This ...study examined the extent to which procrastination at work can be predicted by a personality tendency to procrastinate (i.e., general and decisional procrastination), and what effect the work context has on this relationship. The results indicated that both personality-oriented types of procrastination positively predicted procrastination at work, with decisional procrastination as the stronger predictor. Furthermore, the work context moderated the relationship between decisional and general procrastination and procrastination at work, indicating that for office employees these relationships are stronger. This study suggests that procrastination at work is somewhat related to the personality tendency to procrastinate, especially for decisional procrastination and for office employees. This information may be important both for preventing and intervening in procrastination in the workplace, and for the scientific literature.
Our study examines the nomological network of active procrastination in comparison with passive procrastination. In particular, we examine the effects of the five factor model with the aim to ...understand which personality traits predict academic procrastination. We also test the effect of passive and active procrastination on academic performance to study the unique contribution of each type of procrastination. In a sample of 178 university students in Switzerland, we find that extraversion and neuroticism are related to active procrastination. Furthermore, active procrastination predicts GPA to a much greater extent than the five factor model and passive procrastination.
•Passive and active procrastination relate differently to the big five traits.•Extraversion and neuroticism correlate positively with active procrastination.•Active procrastination predicts GPA above and beyond passive procrastination.
This commentary connects two studies of academic procrastination, Beswick, Rothblum and Mann (1988), which studied the antecedents of academic procrastination, and Steel (2016), which focuses on the ...personality correlates of academic procrastination. The author identifies reasons for growth in the field of procrastination research, discusses definitions of procrastination, and then comments on the two studies of academic procrastination identified above. In assessing current status and future directions in the field of procrastination research, the author discusses the relationship between and measurement of behavioural and decisional procrastination, the domain specificity or domain generality of procrastination, and the need for the field to move beyond studies of academic procrastination into other domains such as illness and health where procrastination is a major problem, then ends with a comment on cross-cultural differences in procrastination and a summary conclusion about the field.
Procrastination is a fascinating, highly complex human phenomenon for which the time has come for systematic theoretical and therapeutic effort. The present volume reflects this effort. It was a ...labor of love to read this scholarly, timely book-the first of its kind on the topic. It was especially encouraging to find that its authors are remarkably free of the phenomenon they have been investigating. One might have expected the opposite. It has often been argued that people select topics that trouble them and come to understand their problems better by studying or treating them in others. This does not appear to be true of the procrastination researchers represented in this book. I base this conclusion on two simple observations. First, the work is replete with recent refer- ences and the book itself has reached the reader scarcely a year following its completion. Second, when one considers the remarkable pace of pro- grammatic research by these contributors during the past decade, it is clear that they are at the healthy end of the procrastination continuum. The fascinating history of the term procrastination is well documented in this book. The term continues to conjure up contrasting, eloquent images-especially for poets. When Edward Young wrote in 1742, "Pro- crastination is the Thief of Time," he was condemning the waste of the most precious of human commodities.
Abstract
Introduction
Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of going to bed later than intended, despite the absence of external factors. Bedtime procrastination is also prevalent ...among insomnia patients, and is associated with various sleep problems. Recent studies suggest emotional regulation as a mechanism of the procrastination behavior that is the conceptual foundation of bedtime procrastination. Emotional regulation difficulties are also associated with insomnia, but there is still a lack of research on the relationship between insomnia, emotional regulation strategies and bedtime procrastination. Thus, the study assumed that severity of insomnia would affect bedtime procrastination, and examined the moderating effect of the emotional regulation strategies in this relationship.
Methods
This study was conducted in 376 adults (mean age 23.73 ±2.14 years, 84.6% females). Participants were asked to answer Bedtime procrastination scale (BPS), an emotional regulation strategy checklist, and the Insomnia severity scale (ISI).
Results
As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between insomnia severity and bedtime procrastination (r=.286, p<.01), and avoidant/distractive regulation style (r=.101, p<.05). active regulation style (r=-.172, p<.01) and support seeking regulation style (r=-.102, p<.01) showed a significant negative correlation with the severity of insomnia. Bedtime procrastination behavior showed significant negative correlation only with active regulation style (r=-.151, p<.01). Support seeking regulation style moderated the relationship between insomnia and bedtime procrastination behavior (B=.0165, 95%, CI=.0014, .0316). The interaction effect between insomnia and support seeking regulation style was also significant (∆R^2=.0112, p<.05), indicating that the effect of insomnia on bedtime procrastination depends on the level of use of the support seeking regulation style.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that the level of support seeking regulation style is meaningful in terms of how insomnia affects bedtime procrastination.
Support (if any)
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)
Time is the one resource we cannot recoup. Nevertheless, as many as 20% of people problematically procrastinate. Controversy exists as to the existence of two types of procrastination; the ...traditional maladaptive type where behavior is delayed unintentionally, despite known risks of disadvantage to performance and/or personal comfort (passive procrastination), and an adaptive type where behavior is intentionally delayed as a means of enhancing motivation, while not disadvantageous to valued outcomes (active procrastination). Few studies to date, however, have longitudinally observed delay in different types of procrastinators. We tracked progress on an undergraduate assignment over two weeks to determine the ability of the two theorized procrastination types to predict behavioral delay. We found scores on passive procrastination predicted markedly different assignment completion trajectories, with higher scorers delaying assignment completion. However, active procrastination did not predict delay. This study demonstrates a novel and robust method for measuring behavioral delay, adds to evidence that active procrastination does not contribute to behavioral delay, and thereby raises doubts as to the construct validity and/or measurement of active procrastination.
•Procrastination involves delays in task performance.•A novel and robust method to assess behavioral delay in situ is applied.•Active (adaptive) and passive (maladaptive) procrastination are distinguished.•Passive, but not active, procrastinators displayed behavioral delay.
Procrastination is usually perceived as a general behavioral tendency, and was studied mostly in college students in academic settings. Recently there is a growing body of literature to support the ...study of procrastination in older adults and in different life-domains. Based on these advances in the literature, the present study examined procrastination in 430 highly educated adults in Israel. Findings showed that respondents reported significantly higher procrastination in maintaining health behaviors and spending leisure time rather in other life-domains. Forty percent of participants reported high procrastination in health behaviors, while only 9.5% reported this level of procrastination in parenting and 1% in the general tendency to procrastinate. Further findings suggested that 25% of respondents reported high procrastination in four or more life-domains, and 40%-in one to three life-domains. The general tendency to procrastinate was moderately associated with procrastination in finance, education, and career life-domains and weekly with other life-domains. Fourteen percent of participants reported that procrastination influenced their life the most in health behaviors, 12% in career and education and 11% in romance and family life. These initial findings contribute to the overall perspective of life-domain specificity of procrastination in adults, and emphasize the importance to further study and develop a life-span perspective.
Background: Sleep plays a key role in our overall function, and sleep insufficiency has been highlighted as a major health issue. ‘Bedtime procrastination’—i.e., needlessly delaying the time one goes ...to bed without external reasons—is one reason for sleep insufficiency. The present research aims to explore the interrelationships among Bedtime Procrastination, other domains of Procrastination, and routine-related variables. Methods: The mediating effects of Wake-up Time and Dinner Time on the relationship between Bedtime Procrastination and General Procrastination, Academic Procrastination, and Perceived Importance of Sleep were tested. Self-reported questionnaires were used, and the sample comprised of 446 university students. Results: A partial mediation model was found. General Procrastination, Academic Procrastination, and Perceived Importance of Sleep showed direct effects on Bedtime Procrastination. Moreover, Academic and General Procrastination were positively associated with Bedtime Procrastination, whereas Perceived Importance of Sleep was negatively associated with Bedtime Procrastination. Indirect effects of the Perceived Importance of Sleep and General Procrastination, as mediated by Wake-up Time and Dinner Time, on Bedtime Procrastination were also found. Conclusions: Personal routines (Wake-up Time and Dinner Time) along with individual characteristics (General and Academic Procrastination) and beliefs (perceived importance of sleep) may affect Bedtime Procrastination. Present results highlight the complexity of Bedtime Procrastination.
Procrastination is often associated with feelings of discomfort. The current research examined the effects of decisional and academic procrastination on students’ feeling of discomfort related to ...academic procrastination and the desire to change their procrastination habits. We assumed that academic procrastination would mediate the relationship between decisional procrastination and students’ feelings toward academic procrastination. A total of 373 undergraduate social sciences students from northern Israel participated in the study. The results challenge the traditional perception that procrastination is mostly associated with feelings of discomfort and may imply that while decisional procrastinators experience discomfort associated with procrastination, academic procrastinators want to change their procrastination habits but do not report feelings of discomfort. The findings also suggest a difference between the two types of procrastination and may contribute to the argument that for some students, procrastination serves as an immediate emotional relief, followed by negative academic outcomes that enhance the desire to change this habit.
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