El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar la influencia de la radiación gama Cobalto-60 sobre el barrenador del hueso, Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), para ser usada en ...tratamientos cuarentenarios y para su aplicación en la técnica del insecto estéril. Para ello, fueron irradiados insectos, en todas las fases del ciclo de vida, con dosis variando de 0 a 600 Gy, mantenidos a 25 +/- 2 grados C de temperatura, 70 +/- 10% de humedad relativa y fotofase de 14h. La especie fue criada en dieta natural, o sea, carozos de aguacate, cultivar Breda. Según los resultados obtenidos, la dosis letal de radiación gama para larvas y pupas fue de 300 Gy. La dosis esterilizante para adultos provenientes de larvas irradiadas fue de 150 Gy y para adultos irradiados fue de 200 Gy. El uso de radiación gama como tratamiento cuarentenario de S. catenifer fue eficiente, siendo que los frutos devén ser tratados con dosis capaces de promover la esterilización del insecto, sin comprometer sus cualidades físico-químicas y sensoriales. De esta manera, se sugiere el tratamiento con la dosis de 50 Gy, para frutos con huevos y 150 Gy, para frutos con larvas y pupas. Para la utilización de la técnica del insecto estéril se recomienda la irradiación de pupas y adultos, con dosis de 150 y 200 Gy, respectivamente.
The objective of this work was verify the influence of gamma radiation of Cobalt-60, in the avocado moth Stenoma catenifer Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae). For this research, insects were irradiated in all phases of their life cycle with doses varying from 0 to 600 Gy and they were maintained at the temperature of 25 +/- 2 deg C, relative humidity of 70 +/- 10% and photofase of 14 h. The species was reared on natural diet, avocado seeds, variety Breda. According to the obtained results, was verified that the lethal dose of gamma radiation to S. catenifer larvae and pupae was of 300 Gy. The sterile dose for upcoming adults from irradiated S. catenifer larvae, was of 100 Gy; for adults coming from irradiated pupas was of 150 Gy and for irradiated adults was of 200 Gy. The use the gamma radiation as treatment quarentine of S. catenifer was efficient, should be treated them with doses able to promote the sterilization of insect, without committing your qualities physical-chemistries and sensorial of fruits. Therefore, is suggested the treatment with the dose of 50 Gy for fruits infested with eggs and 150 Gy for fruits infested with larvae and pupas of S. catenifer. For use the sterile insect technique is recommended the irradiation of pupas and adults with doses of 150 Gy and 200 Gy, respectively.
'Red Delicious' apples (Malus pumila (Mill.)) infested with San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), harvested from commercial and experimental orchards were subjected to cobalt-60 ...gamma radiation and then stored in either regular cold storage, controlled-atmosphere storage, or at room temperature. Scale survival measured at various intervals after treatment declined with time and the magnitude of the radiation dose received. Survival was not influenced by method of storage
El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar la dosis letal de radiación gamma del Cobalto-60 para los huevos de Stenoma catenifer. Para la irradiación de los huevos se utilizó un irradiador ...Gammacell-220 (CO60), (Tasa de dosis: 1.054 kGy/h). Las dosis fueron: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 y 150 Gy, 90 huevos/dosis (seis repeticiones). Se evaluó el número de orugas eclosionadas, y las sobrevivientes se criaron en semillas de aguacate. Los adultos obtenidos fueron acoplados con insectos normales, criados en jaulas revestidas con papel de doble cara, que contenía el alimento (miel la 10%) y un fruto de aguacate. El diseño experimental fue totalmente aleatorio, siendo los datos sometidos al análisis de la varianza y las medias comparadas por el test de Tukey (P=5%). Se verificó la eclosión de orugas de los huevos tratados con dosis de 0, 25 y 50 Gy. La dosis de 50 Gy causó deformación en las orugas eclosionadas. El efecto de la radiación gamma en la viabilidad de los huevos fue proporcional al aumento de la dosis. Los adultos provenientes de los huevos tratados con 25 Gy presentaron inviabilidad de 92,85 y 100% para machos y hembras, respectivamente. Se recomienda una radiación gamma de 75 Gy para tratamiento de cuarentena de frutos de aguacate infestados con huevos de S. catenifer.
The objective of this work has been to determine the lethal dose of gamma radiation of Cobalt-60 for the Stenoma catenifer eggs. For the irradiation of the eggs an irradiador Gammacell-220 (CO60) was utilized, (Rate dose: 1.054 kGY/h). The doses were: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 Gy, 90 eggs/dose (six repetitions). The number of caterpillars emerged was evaluated, and the survivors growed in seeds of avocado. The adults obtained were coupled with normal insects, growed in boxes with double face paper containing the food (10% honey) and a fruit of avocado. The experimental design was totally random, being the data submitted to the analysis of the varianza and the averages compared by the test of Tukey (P=5%). The emergence of caterpillars from the treated eggs with dose of 0, 25 and 50 Gy was verified. The dose of 50 Gy caused deformation in the caterpillars emerged. The effect of the gamma radiation in the viability of the eggs was proportional to the dose increase. The adults from the eggs dealt with 25 Gy presented non viabilty of 92,85 and 100% for male and female, respectively. A radiation gamma of 75 Gy is recommended for treatment quarantine for avocado fruits infested with of S. catenifer eggs.
Four Integrated Pest Management Protocols for the protection of stored wheat in bags were tested in Lahore and Multan for evaluating their cost effectiveness. These IPM protocols included the laid ...down practice of Punjab Food Department (P-1); Multiple dose fumigation with spraying of peripheral bags (P-2); phosphine Fumigation under Polyethylene Enclosure (PEPF) (P-3) and control or monitoring of actual agency routine practice (P-4. In Multan, storage loss during treatment period was highest in control (P-4) followed by PEPF (P-3), Multiple dose fumigation (P-2) and the recommended practice (P-1). The total insect load at despatch and the quantity lost and its value also showed the same pattern. Net cost (total expenditure + value of loss) was highest for agency controlled followed by Multiple dose fumigation, PEPF and the recommended practice followed by the maximum percent increase in number of insects at issue over arrival was found in control followed by Multiple dose fumigation, PEPF and the recommended practice. Net cost was highest in Multiple dose fumigation followed by the recommended practice, control, probably due to development of resistance in stored grain insect pests against phosphine. However, the one which provided for the under sheet phosphine fumigation (PEPF) appeared to be comparatively most qualified for use by public sector agencies.
Three methods of applying aluminum phosphide were tested aboard a deep-draft vessel to determine the suitability of each method for fumigating grain in transit. Results showed that all three methods ...were highly effective with only low levels of phosphine residues resulting in the wheat. However, the recirculation method provided faster and more even distribution of phosphine throughout the grain mass than did the two passive methods. After a fumigation exposure of 26 d, all insects exposed at positions where concentration X time (C X T) values were 1.0 were killed. As tested in this study, all three methods posed no hazards to the ship's crew or to dock workers unloading the cargo at destination
Disinfestation of stored grain by ionizing irradiation Boisseau, P. (Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France). Service de Radioagronomie)
Technical Document (IAEA),
1990
576
Journal Article
