Although the design and management of manufacturing systems have been explored in the literature for many years now, they still remain topical problems in the current scientific research. The ...changing market trends, globalization, the constant pressure to reduce production costs, and technical and technological progress make it necessary to search for new manufacturing methods and ways of organizing them, and to modify manufacturing system design paradigms. This book presents current research in different areas connected with the design and management of manufacturing systems and covers such subject areas as: methods supporting the design of manufacturing systems, methods of improving maintenance processes in companies, the design and improvement of manufacturing processes, the control of production processes in modern manufacturing systems production methods and techniques used in modern manufacturing systems and environmental aspects of production and their impact on the design and management of manufacturing systems. The wide range of research findings reported in this book confirms that the design of manufacturing systems is a complex problem and that the achievement of goals set for modern manufacturing systems requires interdisciplinary knowledge and the simultaneous design of the product, process and system, as well as the knowledge of modern manufacturing and organizational methods and techniques.
Manufacturing companies strive to minimize costs, maximize efficiency and improve production quality, which is crucial for market competitiveness. As companies grow and technologies evolve, ...increasingly complex challenges arise in effectively managing and improving production processes. One of the tools that helps companies improve their processes is value-stream mapping (VSM). The article focuses on the use of VSM in the production process of hand tools used in the construction industry. The paper presents selected aspects of the optimization of the production process using the mapping concept. The research identified and characterized the most important processes occurring in the production of hand tools used in construction. Then, basic data on the value stream was collected and the need for improvements and actions aimed at optimizing the value stream was indicated. Financial results, key performance indicators (KPIs), machine operation and reliability, energy consumption in the production process and overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) before and after improvements were calculated. The analysis carried out allowed for the optimization of the production process in terms of economy and energy consumption. As a result of the improvements, the productivity of injection-molding workers increased by 9.4% and the overall equipment efficiency by 18%. The machine availability rate increased from 70.3% to 85.2%. After implementing the improvements, the company is able to save approximately 295,488 kWh annually, i.e., approximately EUR 53,253, while 1 kWh currently costs producers in Poland EUR 0.18. The conclusions and results described in the paper constitute a solid basis for further development of an improvement project for the selected company.
The high molecular weight of chitin, as a biopolymer, challenges its extraction due to its insolubility in the solvents. Also, chitosan, as the N-deacetylated form of chitin, can be employed as a ...primary material for different industries. The low mechanical stability and poor plasticity of chitosan films, as a result of incompatible interaction between chitosan and the used solvent, have limited its industrialization. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as novel solvents, can solve the extraction difficulties of chitin, and the low mechanical stability and weak plasticity of chitosan films. Also, DESs can be considered for the different chitosan and chitin productions, including chitin nanocrystal and nanofiber, N,N,N-trimethyl-chitosan, chitosan-based imprinted structures, and DES-chitosan-based beads and monoliths. This review aims to focus on the preparation and characterization (chemistry and morphology) of DES-chitin-based and DES-chitosan-based structures to understand the influence of the incorporation of DESs into the chitin and chitosan structure.
•Review of chitosan extraction by novel green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)•DESs can solve extraction problems of chitosan from chitin.•DESs can increase mechanical stability and plasticity of chitosan films.•DESs can be used to convert chitin powder into chitin nanocrystals and nanofibers.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a significant role in the transformation of traditional factories into smart factories in Industry 4.0 by using network of interconnected devices, sensors, and ...software to monitor and optimize the production process. Predictive maintenance using the IoT in smart factories can also be used to prevent machine failures, reduce downtime, and extend the lifespan of equipment. To monitor and optimize energy usage during part manufacturing, manufacturers can obtain real-time insights into energy consumption patterns by deploying IoT sensors in smart factories. Also, IoT can provide a more comprehensive view of the factory environment to enhance workplace safety by identifying potential hazards and alerting workers to potential dangers. Suppliers can use IoT-enabled tracking devices to monitor shipments and provide real-time updates on delivery times and locations in order to analyze and optimize the supply chain in smart factories. Moreover, IoT is a powerful technology which can optimize inventory management in smart factories to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and provide real-time visibility into inventory levels and movements. To analyze and enhance the impact of internet of thing in smart factories of industry 4.0, a review is presented. Applications of internet of things in smart factories such as predictive maintenance, asset tracking, inventory management, quality control, production process monitoring, energy efficiency and supply chain optimization are reviewed. Thus, by analyzing the application of IoT in smart factories of Industry 4.0, new ideas and advanced methodologies can be provided to improve quality control and optimize part production processes.
Biomanufacturing of cell and gene therapies is a complex process, hampered by variability in yield, quality, and scalability of manufacturing platforms. Production parameters can be key drivers for ...vector quality, quantity and cost, making them prime process optimization targets. However, assessing all possible variables and understanding their interactions with product output and each other can be a convoluted and time-intensive task when using traditional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) process optimization strategies.
A high-throughput, 96-well format virology platform using transduction-based quantification of luciferase reporters allows for rapid quantification of various produced viral vectors. We developed transfection-based production and quantification assays for AAV (suspension 293) and lentivirus (adherent 293T) and used DoE statistical methods to optimize up to six different production parameters simultaneously. This approach of combining high-throughput virology assays with DoE is amenable to various vector production platforms, including replicating viruses, reverse genetics and inducible systems.
AAV production in suspension HEK293s was optimized, with the methodology allowing simultaneous optimization of up to six factors, including total DNA, nucleic acid type, cell count, transfection reagents, and addition of small molecule enhancers to optimize AAV production. Additionally, LV production optimization in adherent HEK293T by full factorial combination of various plasmid ratios was performed. Importantly, the optimized conditions identified at a small scale were translatable to larger-scale formats, demonstrating scalability.
We demonstrate that combining high-throughput assays with the statistical power of DoE enables process optimization of multiple factors in time frames not achievable through traditional OFAT methods. Furthermore, we exemplify how the output data can be used to optimize processes for various factors, including transduction signal, TU/mL, vg/mL or even cost/vg. The flexibility of optimizing different outputs from a single data set unlocks the potential for data-driven decisions to maximize production processes based on strategic needs.
Trust (in reliable and safe operation) in a microelectronics product is mainly «laid down» at the stage of its development and is managed by guarantees of quality and reliability, the developer's ...qualifications and experience, a rational choice of key technical solutions that implement specified functional and operational characteristics, as well as parrying the main threats to its safety. Similarly, trust in products during their pilot and mass production is managed by the results of effective interaction and a rational combination of two systems: (1) managing the quality and protection of the manufacturer of products (i.e., using trusted processes) and (2) controlling production batches and samples of finished products (i.e., checking the reliability of a complex of technical means). This interaction implements a mutual «transfer of trust» to production processes and finished products – the possibility of spreading trust in production processes to trust in finished products and vice versa. At the stage of mass production, it is necessary first of all to ensure the stability of functional and operational characteristics, as well as acceptable technical and economic indicators of the product while maintaining the quality and protection levels inherent in its development. The article presents the results of an analysis of the critical stages of the microelectronics products production, typical threats arising at these stages, and methods of their parrying. There results allow us to build trust in such products (trust in their reliability and quality).
Quality represents all the characteristics and features of a product or service that satisfies individual requirements. In other words, quality is measured by the degree of customer satisfaction ...regarding a product or service. The implementation of the control diagram is studied at the distribution store reception of Metaxa cognac orders. The delivery was performed in boxes of six bottles. The control charts follow the degree of filling of the bottles. The volume of filling was measured on a batch of 36 bottles to establish reliable control limits. The studied sample comprised 36 bottles distributed in six boxes.
Continuous increase in world’s population, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth force for continuously increase in fossil fuel consumption to meet growing energy demand. ...Continuous emissions from burning of fossil fuel will create the need to find the appropriate and sustainable replacement for fossil fuels. Biodiesel is appropriate alternate solution for diesel engine due to its renewable, non-toxic and eco-friendly nature. According to EASAC biodiesel evolution is classified into four generations. Cultivation in arid and semi arid land or water, crop yield, effect on food supply, yield of biodiesel, energy content, carbon-neutral economy, easy availability, and economic viable are the main factors behind the evolution of biodiesel generations. This article highlights a comprehensive assessment of various feedstocks used for different generation biodiesel production with their advantages and disadvantages. Different production methods for biodiesel with yield calculation are also explained. Algae based third generation feedstocks are better in comparison with first and second generation due to their high energy content, high oil content and less polluting nature. Forth generation of biodiesel produced from synthetic biology, which will enhance the various physiochemical properties of biodiesel to achieve carbon neutral economy. Among the all biodiesel production processes; transesterification is the most suitable process, because it produces biodiesel of high yield, comparable properties with diesel. This process is also feasible as per economic point of view. The energy demand of future can be met by the blending of different generation oil feedstocks.
Fruits and vegetables are responsible for about 22% of food losses and wastes along the supply chain (not including the retail level). However, fruit and vegetable by-products (FVB) may be ...transformed into fibre-rich flours and bioactive compounds, mainly bound to the fibre, thus bringing value to the food industry due to health benefits and technological functionality. Therefore, these by-products have great potential to be applied in several food industries. The most common strategy is transforming these by-products into ingredients, and there are some processing strategies for transforming these by-products into dried ingredients - flours. Hence, this review aimed to unveil the most straightforward processes already available and discussed in the literature, allowing an easier implementation at an industrial level, thus achieving an actual application and valorisation of these by-products. The food products where these flours have been applied and the effects on the final products' physicochemical characteristics and health attributes are also critically reviewed.
•The production process of fruit and vegetable flours is discussed.•Health benefits of by-products flours are highlighted.•Technological functionalities of by-products flours are reviewed.•Current applications of fruit and vegetables flours are pointed out.
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