Esta contribución expone y discute algunas de las potencialidades de la disciplina arqueométrica en el estudio de los materiales cerámicos arqueológicos y su capacidad para generar y aportar ...conocimiento histórico sobre la tecnología de las comunidades del pasado. Entre los tres factores de variabilidad de un conjunto cerámico, como son el factor formal, el factor estilístico o decorativo y el factor tecnológico y compositivo, es en este último en el que la Arqueometría ha desarrollado más ampliamente, tanto herramientas teóricas como metodológicas. Se discute por qué y para qué se realiza la caracterización arqueométrica de materiales cerámicos, las técnicas instrumentales más habitualmente utilizadas, el tipo de datos que se obtienen y los niveles de información que contiene un artefacto cerámico. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre lo que puede aportar la disciplina arqueométrica en el conocimiento tecnológico del material cerámico y sus secuencias de producción, así como sobre otros aspectos sociales de dichas comunidades.
While ground slate technology is a trademark of maritime hunter-gatherers across the circumpolar region, we lack robust understanding of 1) the organization of slate tool production and 2) its ...initial production stages - maintained by the absence of formally investigated slate sourcing sites and the loss of diagnostic production features inherent to grinding techniques. This paper contributes along both dimensions, presenting the first investigated prehistoric slate raw material source in Arctic Europe (Djupvik, Norway). Technological analyses of the assemblage rich in initial production stages are related to the material properties of the geological slate formation, supplemented by experimental research. The paper discusses the role of slate technological organization within the broader context of mid-Holocene adaptations in Arctic Norway. The results from Djupvik help establish the production stages and techniques distinct to slate tool technologies and demonstrate organizational principles diverging from cryptocrystalline lithic resources of the contemporary lithic technocomplex. Finally, potential secondary (non-tool) uses of Djupvik materials are discussed, referencing the intriguing possibility of ochre and red pigment production both at Djupvik and a nearby site, suggesting a relation to rock art paintings.
En este trabajo se presenta el análisis tecno-morfológico y morfológico-funcional de los conjuntos líticos procedentes de una transecta de recolección superficial y de las excavaciones de un recinto ...habitacional del sitio El Remate (Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán). Dataciones por AMS permitieron establecer dos ocupaciones para el sitio (900 años AP y 1130 años AP). El objetivo es establecer la secuencia de producción lítica desarrollada por los grupos que habitaron el área, definir las diferentes actividades tecnológicas y analizar aspectos relacionados con la obtención y uso de las materias primas de acuerdo a la disponibilidad y accesibilidad de las mismas. Los datos obtenidos nos permiten plantear el predominio del uso de materias primas locales para la confección de instrumentos y la presencia de todas las etapas de la secuencia de producción en el sitio. Esto constituye un importante aporte para el conocimiento de la tecnología lítica del período Formativo en los valles.
The performance of equipment in workshop will deteriorate gradually with time. This paper presents a multi-stage preventive maintenance strategy model to solve the problem of maintenance scheduling ...subjected to the production requirement in the workshop. Two types of preventive maintenance were considered. Taking into account the penalty cost due to maintenance overtime and product quality problems, the model aims to minimize the total maintenance cost. Due to the limited resources, current production and maintenance calls for outsourcing to fulfil the demand. A maintenance scheduling model with partial outsourcing consideration is proposed and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to obtain the optimal production sequence, outsourcing scheme and the preventive maintenance strategy. A case study is discussed to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results revealed that partial outsourcing strategy will save 17% of the total cost.
The two regions southwestern Germany and southwestern France have yielded Gravettian personal ornaments in form of tear-drop-shaped beads. We present updated numbers of these artefacts, because ...during the recent excavations since 2002 in Hohle Fels cave near the city of Ulm, Southwest Germany, additional beads were found. The present paper proposes for the first time a typo-technological study of the tear-drop-shaped beads.
Deux régions, le sud-ouest de l’Allemagne et le sud-ouest de la France, ont livré des éléments de parure gravettiens connus comme « perles en forme de larme ». Les dernières découvertes de perles faites lors des fouilles menées depuis 2002 à Hohle Fels, près d’Ulm dans le sud-ouest de l’Allemagne, ont été l’occasion de mettre à jour les décomptes de ces pièces et de proposer une étude typo-technologique inédite de ce corpus.
This paper proposes an analytical model to effectively integrate and synchronize the procurement, production and delivery activities in a supply chain consisting of a single raw material supplier, a ...single manufacturer and multiple retailers. The manufacturer produces multiple items on a single facility utilizing common raw material under a common rotation cycle policy of not incurring shortages at any retailers. This problem is formulated as a variant of the classical economic lot scheduling problem. The objective is to find the production sequence of multiple items, the common production cycle length, and the delivery frequencies and quantities that minimize the average total cost. An efficient heuristic algorithm is presented to solve the proposed problem. Through numerical tests, we show that the proposed heuristic gives quite satisfactory solutions.
The SMS Meer ring-rolling mill and RKP 600-2500/600 expander installed at the Electrostal Metallurgical Plant are described. The production of solid-rolled rings of wide ranges of dimensions and ...grades on radial-axial ring-rolling mills was mastered at this plant in 2014–2016. Various sequences for the production of solid-rolled rings were tested to find the optimal one that produces rings of the required quality.
Over the last few decades sophisticated line balancing methodologies have been developed in response to the emerging trend of lean production in order to more effectively streamline production ...sequence scheduling. Newer approaches now demonstrate the potential to achieve lean production while at the same time simplifying what have become increasingly complex analytical methodologies and production sequences. Unlike past studies on line balancing for mixed-model production lines, in this paper the impacts of line balance on Control Dynamic Complexity are investigated and their deployment illustrated with a case study. Precedence matrices have been studied and a combined precedence matrix computed. The mathematical programming language Matlab is employed to illustrate state diagrams representing the relationships between the tasks and terminals. It is found that control dynamic complexities are higher for some particular sequences, and in such cases further explanations are offered. Furthermore, this study reveals that it is possible to minimize the complexities by better exploiting some aspects of line scheduling guidelines. Since line balancing and line scheduling are NP hard issues, this paper has also demonstrated ways in which computational analysis of multiple iterations can be significantly accelerated in future by deploying ant colony optimization techniques. Analysis of complexity level highlights what may otherwise be intuitive, that excessive sophistication of line balance techniques is very likely to be detrimental to an overall organization if resulting scheduling becomes difficult to practically monitor.
Machines are key elements in manufacturing systems and their breakdowns can dramatically affect system performance measures. This paper proposes a new multi-objective pure integer linear programming ...approach for the cell formation problem with alternative process routings and machine reliability consideration. The model minimizes total cost and maximizes system reliability simultaneously. Traditional reliability evaluation approaches attempt to model the reliability of the manufacturing system as a function of its elements. These approaches have some negative aspects; therefore, instead of modeling the system reliability as an explicit objective function, we use an approach to model the effects of the machine unreliability in terms of cost and time-based effects. Using the ɛ-constraint method as an optimization tool for multi-objective programming, a numerical example is solved to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model in evaluating various effects of the reliability consideration.
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