Digital twins and shadows have gained increasing popularity in industry and research. The terms describe simulation systems that mirror real-world systems, such as service or manufacturing lines, ...aligned to (near) perfection based on automated data streams. We implement a set of perfect model experiments to demonstrate how deviations between a digital shadow and the real world can arise, affect predictive accuracy, and may be eliminated. As an illustrative example, we simulate a simple sequential production line and its digital shadow. The paper concludes with a summary of identified research opportunities.
Machines consume intensive energy in some production systems. Although substantial efforts have been devoted to performance analysis, continuous improvement, and design of production systems, the ...research on reducing the energy consumption in these systems is limited. In this article, the problem of minimizing the energy consumed by machines in the two-machine Bernoulli serial line, which has been formulated as nonlinear programming with production rate constraint, is investigated. Specifically, structural characteristics and optimality conditions of the problem are analyzed, and two nonlinear algebraic optimality equations are established. To solve the optimality equations, their properties are explored, and an effective algorithm based on the binary search method is developed. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the optimal solution with respect to system parameters is quantitatively analyzed. Based on the sensitivity analysis, some useful insights on the optimal objective value are extracted. Note to Practitioners -In energy-intensive manufacturing enterprises, reducing the energy consumption in their production systems is urgent and challenging. In this article, an energy consumption optimization problem in a simple model of production systems (i.e., in the two-machine Bernoulli line) is investigated. Machine efficiencies are optimized so that the total energy consumption of machines is minimized, while a required production rate is ensured. The reported results enable a novel managerial paradigm for production systems, especially for energy-intensive systems. Although the model of the two-machine Bernoulli line is simple, as a cornerstone, this research will be extended, in the future, to long Bernoulli lines and more practical production systems, e.g., lines with geometric, exponential, and non-exponential machine reliability models.
Due to the successful application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Services (IoS) in association with other emerging technologies, the fourth industrial revolution is finally ...achieved through various advancements of cyber-physical systems (CPS). In manufacturing, CPS, in association with the existing enabling technologies, bridges the gap between the manufacturing and information technology (IT) and gives birth to the smart factory that is significantly changing the global market, societal life, and economic growth. This transformation will go far beyond today's conventional industry in terms of adaptability, energy and resource efficiency, accuracy, reliability, safety, user-friendliness, scalability, and intelligence while thoughtfully dealing with the technical challenges allied with the development of CPSs in terms of wireless networking, reliability, complexity, security, and data protection to achieve the desired level of performance. Moreover, a successful industrial revolution paves the way for efficient and thoughtful management operations. This article provides a detailed analysis of CPS in the industrial domain, its required technologies and management skills, architectures, and expected features. This article also highlights a few case studies and discusses their benefits as well as related challenges, along with the possible solutions to them. And, last but not least, an in-depth discussion on the socio-economic impact of CPS-based industrial revolution is presented in this context.
Les espaces de fonds de vallées sont des territoires où se superposent des politiques publiques d’environnement (PPE). Dans le cadre du programme de recherche FARMAINE, nous avons interrogé le rôle ...de ces politiques publiques dans l’évolution des usages agricoles, et la façon dont les agriculteurs s’insèrent dans les espaces de régulation locaux. Pour ce faire, nous avons enquêté auprès de 28 agriculteurs du bassin du Sarthon, reconnu pour ses qualités écologiques. Nous montrons que différents systèmes de production y coexistent. L’examen de cette diversité révèle deux approches contrastées de l’articulation entre agriculture et préservation des espaces des fonds de vallée : une forme de laisser-faire et une approche gestionnaire. Si les usages et pratiques des agriculteurs sont dans l’ensemble conformes aux objectifs des PPE, les producteurs sont pour autant très critiques quant à la gouvernance du dispositif. Ainsi, les effets de la superposition des dispositifs d’action publique apparaissent nuancés, ils semblent participer au développement d’une culture professionnelle écologisée, contribuer à maintenir des formes d’usage du foncier cohérentes avec les objectifs des PPE, mais la gouvernance des dispositifs locaux soulève de telles critiques que les agriculteurs pour la plupart se désengagent de ces dispositifs. Cela nous amène à souligner un affaiblissement de la capacité de la puissance publique à orienter la gestion du foncier agricole dans les fonds de vallée.
One of the challenges of Industry 4.0 is the creation of vertical networks that connect smart production systems with design teams, suppliers, and the front office. To achieve such a vision, ...information has to be collected from machines and products throughout a smart factory. Smart factories are defined as flexible and fully connected factories that are able to make use of constant streams of data from operations and production systems. In such scenarios, the arguably most popular way for identifying and tracking objects is by adding labels or tags, which have evolved remarkably over the last years: from pure hand-written labels to barcodes, QR codes, and RFID tags. The latest trend in this evolution is smart labels which are not only mere identifiers with some kind of internal storage, but also sophisticated context-aware tags with embedded modules that make use of wireless communications, energy efficient displays, and sensors. Therefore, smart labels go beyond identification and are able to detect and react to the surrounding environment. Moreover, when the industrial Internet of Things paradigm is applied to smart labels attached to objects, they can be identified remotely and discovered by other Industry 4.0 systems, what allows such systems to react in the presence of smart labels, thus triggering specific events or performing a number of actions on them. The amount of possible interactions is endless and creates unprecedented industrial scenarios, where items can talk to each other and with tools, machines, remote computers, or workers. This paper, after reviewing the basics of Industry 4.0 and smart labels, details the latest technologies used by them, their applications, the most relevant academic and commercial implementations, and their internal architecture and design requirements, providing researchers with the necessary foundations for developing the next generation of Industry 4.0 human-centered smart label applications.
Purpose>This study aims to investigate the interrelationships between lean production, green technology adoption, green product innovation, social sustainability performance and green ...competitiveness. The study further investigates the mediation roles of green technology adoption and green product innovation between lean production systems, social sustainability performance and green competitiveness.Design/methodology/approach>The quantitative research approach is used for the study. Data for the study is garnered from 197 managers of manufacturing firms in Ghana via a self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modeling, specifically partial least square is applied as the methodological tool to test all hypotheses.Findings>Results of the study suggest that lean production systems have a significant positive impact on green technology adoption, green product innovation and green competitiveness. However, lean production systems are found to have an insignificant impact on social performance. The results further confirm the mediation roles of both green technology adoption and green product innovation between lean production systems, social sustainability performance and green competitiveness; thus indicating that lean production systems create an efficient condition for firms to adopt green technologies and produce innovative green-based products to leverage superior social sustainability performance and green competitiveness.Originality/value>This study proposes and develops a comprehensive research model that is supported by the natural resource-based view theory to investigate the link between lean production systems, green technology adoption, green product innovation, social sustainability performance and green competitiveness from an emergent country perspective.
Articulatory representation learning is the fundamental research in modeling neural speech production system. Our previous work has established a deep paradigm to decompose the articulatory ...kinematics data into gestures, which explicitly model the phonological and linguistic structure encoded with human speech production mechanism, and corresponding gestural scores. We continue with this line of work by raising two concerns: (1) The articulators are entangled together in the original algorithm such that some of the articulators do not leverage effective moving patterns, which limits the interpretability of both gestures and gestural scores; (2) The EMA data is sparsely sampled from articulators, which limits the intelligibility of learned representations. In this work, we propose a novel articulatory representation decomposition algorithm that takes the advantage of guided factor analysis to derive the articulatory-specific factors and factor scores. A neural convolutive matrix factorization algorithm is then employed on the factor scores to derive the new gestures and gestural scores. We experiment with the rtMRI corpus that captures the fine-grained vocal tract contours. Both subjective and objective evaluation results suggest that the newly proposed system delivers the articulatory representations that are intelligible, generalizable, efficient and interpretable.
Cyber-physical production systems provide a flexible and open mechanism for manufacturing process scheduling and control, and they also offer an opportunity to further improve the performance of ...systems by the joint optimization of scheduling and control (JSC). With given optimization objectives, the solution of JSC not only provides the schedule plan but also provides the optimal control parameters. However, due to the dynamic nature of the production system, it is not possible to consider all potential situations to make an ideal solution for the JSC at the beginning. Therefore, this paper formulates the problem of dynamic JSC and proposes an architecture for context-aware production scheduling and control systems, which utilizes ontology and reasoning technologies from knowledge engineering to enhance the adaptabilities of production systems. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture, we take an international competition platform as a case study and compare the performance with the champion team’s system. The result shows that our system performs better than does the system of the champion team, and it also proves the feasibility of the proposed architecture.
Plants have been used to produce many diverse and valuable recombinant proteins, including subunit vaccines, antibodies and antibody fragments, hormones, blood products, cytokines, and enzymes. ...Different plant species and platforms have been explored as production hosts, each with unique properties in terms of the gene transfer method, production time, environmental containment, scalability, downstream processing strategy, protein folding and accumulation, and overall costs. Seed‐based systems have many advantages because they exploit the natural storage properties of seeds, which facilitate batch processing and distribution. Seeds possess specialized storage organelles that may be used to accumulate recombinant proteins, offering stability both in planta and after harvest in the final preparation/formulation. The post‐harvest stabilizing effect of seeds allows recombinant subunit vaccines and antibodies to be delivered via the mucosal route because they are better able to withstand this harsh microenvironment when protected by the plant matrix. Native storage organelles such as starch granules and protein bodies offer this protective effect, but protein storage organelles can also be induced ectopically in vegetative tissues. In this paper, we discuss the technical capabilities of storage organelle‐based expression platforms and their potential applications.
Plants have been used to produce many diverse and valuable recombinant proteins, and different plant species and platforms have been explored as production hosts, each with unique properties. Plant seeds possess specialized storage organelles that may be used to accumulate recombinant proteins, offering stability both in planta and after harvest in the final preparation/formulation. In this review, the authors discuss strategies for targeting recombinant proteins to different intracellular organelles in plant storage tissues.
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