full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English Several years ago the reaction of an ordinary Lithuanian citizen, politician or even a professional (teacher, medical doctor, ...psychologist) to such word combinations a social work or social worker was not only awkward but often negative: What a strange word combination! Is it necessary to make references to work when naming a profession? Maybe such notions of recent past as party work, party worker or trade union worker accounted for the negative attitude towards the said word combinations. Almost 10 years passed, and the concepts, such as social work or social worker became common. They no longer jar on nobody’s ears. However the following questions are still topical: What is social work? What do social workers do? Is it science or art? The majority of sciences have developed from philosophy. They have scientific names, usually of Latin or Greek origin. The beginning of social work is associated with charity or philanthropic activities.
straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba Straipsnio tikslas yra apžvelgti svarbesnius socialinio darbo raidos Lietuvoje aspektus. Pirmiausia pateikiama socialinio darbo sampratas, jo apibrėžimas. Aptariamos problemos, kurios trukdo pateikti bendrą socialinio darbo kaip mokslo apibrėžimą. Tai bendros socialinio darbo teorijos nebuvimas ir socialinio darbo multifunkcionalumas. Toliau yra aptariamas socialinio darbo profesijos tapsmas ir kismas, išskiriant atsiradimo aplinkybes ir sąlygas bei pristatant profesijos raidą ir kismą Lietuvoje. Socialinio darbo atsiradimo aplinkybėmis yra įvardinamos gyvūnų pseudoaltruistinė elgsena ir tikroji hominidų altruistinė elgsena. Kalbant apie socialinio darbo raidą Lietuvoje išskiriami aštuoni etapai: LDK ir unija su Lenkija, Carinės okupacijos laikotarpis, tarpukario nepriklausomybė, tarybinis socialinio aprūpinimo modelis, Socialinio darbo sąvokos formalus priėmimas, socialinio darbo profesionalizacija, profesionalus socialinis darbas, socialinė eurointegracija. Toliau yra kalbama apie socialinio darbo aplinkybes – socialinė drama vyksta ne tuščioje erdvėje, o kupinoje visokių veiksnių aplinkoje – tam tikromis aplinkybėmis. Aptariamos šios socialinio darbo aplinkybės: socioekonominė situacija, kuri tuo pačiu metu yra pagrindinis problemų šaltinis ir kartu teikia išteklius sėkmingam socialiniam darbui, teisinis pagrindas, tarptautinis kontekstas, socialinių paslaugų teikėjai. Galiausiai yra aptarimai socialinio darbo kaip akademinės disciplinos ir tyrimų krypties aspektai. Šioje dalyje kalbama apie socialinių darbuotojų rengimą, kuris yra neadekvatus šalies poreikiams ir tuo pačiu egzistuoja profesijos pavadinimų įvairovė, bei tyrimus socialiniame darbe, kuriuos siūloma vadinti socialiniais tyrimais.
The paper deals with the critical questioning of the relation between legitimate imposed legal obligations and the rights to refuse these obligations based on the right of the freedom of conscience, ...i.e. conscientious objection. The critical perspective that is applied to conduct the questioning is a legal profession because, in Croatian legal culture, there is no articulated answer to the question of how to reconcile these two obligations within the legal profession. The paper draws on the comprehension of John Rawls’s theory of conscientious objection since it is a systematic analysis of justice that shall submit subjective understanding of the good (conscience) to the principle of right (legitimate imposed obligation). In practice, the focus is on the grounds for acknowledging conscientious objection among lawyers as well on the obstacles to exercising this right.
Nastavničke kompetencije proteklih su se pet desetljeća bitno preobrazile, uglavnom zbog utjecaja globalizacijskih društvenih i tehnoloških promjena, ali je kognitivni, emocionalni, socijalni i ...tjelesni razvoj učenika te odgovornost za takav razvoj i dalje glavni cilj nastavnika. Promjene su uzrokovale neujednačene kvalifikacije, diferencijaciju znanstvene podloge u nekim područjima te nedostatne modele obrazovanja, što je otežalo prihvatljivu profesionalizaciju nastavnika, pa tako i onih tehničkog područja. Ovaj pregled se fokusira na glavne probleme deprofesionalizacije i dekvalifikacije nastavnika, na dugoročne opasnosti takvih trendova te na smjernice i znanstvene dosege koji determiniraju profesionalizaciju nastavnika. U radu se iznosi pregled modela profesije i kritika strukturalnog funkcionalizma na kojem je zasnovan te se analiziraju problemi nastavnika tehničkog područja u Hrvatskoj. Iznose se glavne prepreke za profesionalizaciju, poput centraliziranog pristupa kojim se nastavniku nameću modeli i sadržaji poučavanja, bez preuzimanja suodgovornosti za učinak nastave. U takvim okolnostima, profesionalizaciju nastavnika tehnike mogao bi osigurati predloženi hibridni model, kojim se dinamički usklađuju kompetencijski okviri i profesionalni standardi kao način sprječavanja dekvalifikacije, dok se delegiranjem nadležnosti nad tim standardima na udruženja nastavnika osigurava profesionalna autonomija, kao jedino jamstvo kvalitetnog obrazovanja budućnosti.
Ovaj se rad bavi istraživanjem suvremene iranske perivojne arhitekture iz dvije perspektive: obrazovanja s jedne strane i stručnih projekata s druge strane. Rad je strukturiran u dvije cjeline od ...kojih se prva bavi kvalitativnom metodom utemeljene teorije kojom se analiziraju teorije putem kodiranja koncepata. U drugom se dijelu rada komparativnim pristupom analizira kriterij dobiven u prvome dijelu u njegovoj primjeni na spomenuta dva područja suvremene iranske perivojne arhitekture.
This paper studies the performance of contemporary Iranian landscape architecture in the two areas, namely that of education and professional projects. It is divided into two sections; the first section being based on the qualitative method of grounded theory which analyzes theories by coding the concepts. The second section uses a comparative approach, whereby the criterion extracted from the first section is discussed in the two aforementioned areas of contemporary Iranian landscape architecture.
ÄŒinjenica da je u sestrinstvu zaposleno viÅ¡e žena nego muÅ¡karaca može dovesti do pretpostavke da je ovo ženska profesija, a sam rodno odreÄ‘ujući naziv ove profesije dodatno podupire ...takve stavove. DruÅ¡tvena podjela uloga na ženske i muÅ¡ke možda nigdje drugdje nije toliko vidljiva koliko u sestrinstvu. NetoÄna je pretpostavka da je sestrinstvo oduvijek bilo “žensko†zanimanje, što potvrÄ‘uju povijesni zapisi, a tek je u 19. stoljeću utemeljiteljica modernog sestrinstva Florence Nightingale svojim uvjerenjem da je briga i njega za bolesne rezervirana za žene dovela do feminizacije sestrinstva. Iako je danas broj medicinskih tehniÄara veći negoli u 19. stoljeću, joÅ¡ uvijek se oni na svojim radnim mjestima, ali i u druÅ¡tvu, susreću s brojnim stereotipima.
This paper focuses on the exchange of knowledge that stems from staff’s experiences of working with the elderly in Sweden and Denmark. The article will, on the one hand, focus on how work in groups ...consisting of representatives from different levels in the elderly care sector previously served as learning spaces and cultural encounters. On the other hand, it will focus on tendencies to narrow the diversity of perceptions of elderly people and their care. The empirical material takes its points of departure from interviews, a film, and the work of project groups from learning, caring, and political perspectives. One main conclusion reached is that by studying professional meetings in comparison, we can contribute to shaping access to knowledge, identity, and the position of the individual. When several professional voices are heard, it adds value when we want to understand the care of the elderly and the meaningfulness of the profession.
Present situation in education makes us to review the teachers role, especially in the context of the ongoing educational reform. For the sake of objectivity it should be mentioned that not all the ...accusations of the authors of the reform directed towards the teachers of the Soviet period are adequate.
The maritime labour market is characterized by extreme changes in the workplace and legal regulations. This urges to carry out research in career progression for maritime professionals. The aim of ...this research was to identify the factors that have influence on career progression. for maritime professionals. Practical considerations of this research are related to competency framework for professionals within the marine industry. Profession choices and the career concept have been analysed in the theoretical section of the paper. Quantitative and qualitative research and expert surveys were carried out in order to identify factors that promote/inhibit career progression for maritime professionals. The findings are provided in the empirical section. Literature review showed that jobs within the marine industry are well-paid, seafarers are encouraged to take part in public life, develop spiritual values, their needs and expectations are met. Research showed that the majority of the respondents choose a seafarer’s profession because of such subjective factors as interests, hobbies, personality traits, meanwhile objective factors are less important. The majority of the respondents, especially the younger ones, in both marine navigation and engineering, expect to achieve a higher rank. The main factors that inhibit their career progression are responsibility and job strain. Analysis showed that subjective and objective factors that promote/inhibit career progression within the marine industry develop at a younger age. If mariners fail to achieve a higher rank at a younger age, subjective career progression inhibiting factors develop. Thus, career progression prospects are very important, especially at a younger age. The obtained data show that an additional factor may develop in young seafarers – they may decide to leave the profession.
U ovom radu nastojimo prikazati neke temeljne odrednice proučavanja pozitivnog utjecaja životinja na razvoj djeteta. Istražujući aspekte dječjeg emotivnog i kognitivnog razvoja, razlažući konkretne ...uvide o pozitivnom utjecaju životinja na djetetov razvoj, nastojimo doprijeti do pozicije koju možemo promatrati kao temelj suvremene odgojiteljske djelatnosti. S druge strane, sadašnji trenutak postojanja čovjeka obilježavaju brojni problemi širokih razmjera, primjerice, destrukcija prirodnog okoliša ili tehnifi kacija života u cjelini. U ovom radu, između ostaloga, postavljamo pitanje o tome kako bismo mogli umanjiti negativni intenzitet spomenutih događanja. Smatramo da je rješenja moguće naći u izgradnji bioetičkog senzibiliteta. Temeljni uvidi u nastanak i razvoj bioetike kazuju da je potrebno novo znanje te novi oblik komunikacije / posredovanja tog znanja koji bi bili okrenuti očuvanju života. U suvremenoj odgojiteljskoj profesiji vidimo potencijal za promjene u tom smjeru.
Zadruga „Arhitekt” u Zagrebu Čavlović, Melita
Prostor,
12/2017, Letnik:
25, Številka:
2(54)
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zadrugarstvo je u arhitekturi kao bitna stručna inicijativa nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata bilo jamac profesionalne autonomije prakticirajućih arhitekata. Ukazujući na pravu problematiku rada i ...poslovanja unutar arhitektonske profesije, Zadruga je otvorila mogućnost nalaženja prostora slobode zbog kojih su dosezi rada prve zadruge u podruèju arhitekture na prostorima Federativne Narodne Republike Jugoslavije djelovali izuzetno emancipacijski za struku. Ovim se radom prvi put razotkriva osnivanje i djelovanje Zadruge Arhitekt koje se bitni učinci prikazuju u širemu društvenom i političkom kontekstu poslijeratne arhitektonske profesije.
Cooperative movement in architecture was an important professional initiative launched after WW II in order to assure professional autonomy of practising architects. By addressing the real issues of working and doing business in architectural profession, the Architect paved the way for architects to achieve greater freedom. It thus played a crucial role as a catalyst for much needed independence of architectural profession in the former Yugoslavia. This article for the first time reveals the establishment and activities of the cooperative Architect whose effects are assessed in a wider social and political context of post-war architectural profession.
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