The practice of Proprioceptive Dialogue (PD) was inspired by David Bohms proposals for a new form of discourse that could address the crisis in communication evident on all levels of society (see ...Bohm, 1985, 1996; Bohm, Factor, and Garrett, 1991). Proprioceptive Dialogue's experiment in "radical honesty" is set forth in this paper. After defining proprioception and describing the group process associated with it, I bring to light the underlying nature of dialogical interaction by comparing it with conventional discourse. In the latter, self and other are divided and interact superficially in a mechanical space of continuous speech. By contrast, PD involves proprioceptive acts of concrete self-awareness wherein participants split the "atom" (from the Greek atomos, indivisible), opening themselves up to each other so as to establish a space of intimate interchange. In studying the dynamics of this process, I examine the roles played by silence and the preverbal body. Also important to PD are the polarities that develop within and between group members. The oppositional tensions that arise must consciously be held in order to release intrapsychic and interpsychic energies that advance the creative exploration of the group. The paper concludes with a focus on the paradoxical nature of Proprioceptive Dialogue, clarified tangibly through the perceptual geometry of the Necker cube.
Recent studies have shown that human perception of body ownership is highly malleable. A well-known example is the rubber hand illusion (RHI) wherein ownership over a dummy hand is experienced, and ...is generally believed to require synchronized stroking of real and dummy hands. Our goal was to elucidate the computational principles governing this phenomenon. We adopted the Bayesian causal inference model of multisensory perception and applied it to visual, proprioceptive, and tactile stimuli. The model reproduced the RHI, predicted that it can occur without tactile stimulation, and that synchronous stroking would enhance it. Various measures of ownership across two experiments confirmed the predictions: a large percentage of individuals experienced the illusion in the absence of any tactile stimulation, and synchronous stroking strengthened the illusion. Altogether, these findings suggest that perception of body ownership is governed by Bayesian causal inference--i.e., the same rule that appears to govern the perception of outside world.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of rotator cuff tear (RCT) and its severity on shoulder proprioception.
Methods
We studied 132 consecutive patients (67 M-65 F; mean age ± SD, 66.03 ± 9.04; range, ...43–78) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Tear size was determined intra-operatively. The control group included 82 subjects (38 M-44 F; mean age ± SD, 65.87 ± 8.06; range, 41–75) with no RCT. All participants, wearing an eye mask, were submitted to the evaluation of the joint position sense (JPS) at 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of shoulder forward flexion during the sitting position, using a digital inclinometer securely attached to the subject’s arm using hook-and-loop straps. The passive placement and active replacement method was used; the order of the tested angles was randomly selected. The entire test was repeated three times. The error score, by averaging the three trials, was measured as the absolute difference between the target angle and the observed angle. Statistics were performed.
Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient for all degrees of flexion movement measured was > 0.90, exhibiting a very high correlation. We found significant differences between cases and controls regarding the results of joint position sense error at all measurements (
p
< 0.05). According to RCT size, we found significant differences between groups at 30° (F = 27.27,
p
< 0.001), 90° (F = 5.37,
p
= 0.006), 120° (F = 10.76,
p
< 0.001), and 150° (F = 30.93,
p
< 0.001) of shoulder flexion; in details, patients with massive RCT showed greater absolute error value than those with both small and large RCT at 30°, 90°, 120°, and 150° of shoulder flexion (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
RCT provokes an alteration of shoulder proprioception, evaluated as the loss of joint position sense, and the impairment is related to tear severity.
Background:
It has been observed that there are difficulties in maintaining spinal harmony in the absence of proprioceptive information, which has an important role in achieving postural control in ...scoliosis. One of the tests used to evaluate proprioceptive mechanisms is joint position reproduction.
Objective(s):
The main aim of our study was to investigate the effect of physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercise (PSSE) on spine joint reposition (JR) sense. The second aim was to determine the effects of PSSE on the angle of trunk rotation (ATR), posture, and deformity perception in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Methods:
Twenty-nine patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (mean age 13.79 ± 1.82 years) were randomly allocated to two groups. “Schroth” exercises were applied to the PSSE group for 8 weeks (16 sessions). The control group was placed on the waiting list. Patients' JR error (dual inclinometer), ATR (scoliometer), posture parameters (PostureScreen Mobile, Posterior Trunk Asymmetry Index, and Anterior Trunk Asymmetry Index), and deformity perception (Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale WRVAS) were assessed at the first session and at the end of 8 weeks.
Results:
The initial demographic characteristics, Cobb (thoracal: 19.41 ± 7.03 degrees; lumbar: 20.76 ± 7.24 degrees) and ATR (thoracal: 5.86 ± 3.98 degrees; lumbar: 5.66 ± 3.33 degrees) and clinical test parameters of the groups (JR, posture parameters, and WRVAS) were similar (
P
> .05). According to the findings, thoracal and lumbar JR error values (
P
< .05), ATR (
P
≤ .001), posture parameters (
P
≤ .001), and WRVAS (
P
= .048) were significantly improved in the PSSE group. Besides, when the groups were compared, a significant difference was found in favor of PSSE except for the deformity perception (
P
< .05).
Conclusions:
Schroth exercises have a positive contribution for improving JR sense of the spine, vertebral rotation, and posture.
This study aimed to compare sensory organization test and postural control strategies between individuals with mild and moderate-to-severe forward head posture (FHP).
A sensory organization test ...(SOT) was performed in 6 conditions using computerized dynamic posturography, to assess postural control. Equilibrium scores representing overall balance, strategy analysis to assess ankle vs hip strategy dominance, and sensory analysis (Somatosensory, visual, vestibular, visual preference ratio) as an indicator of the use of sensory systems were obtained.
Our results revealed a significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of equilibrium score (P < .05) and strategy scores (P < .05) in conditions of 4 to 6 of the SOT. The results of sensory analysis of SOT showed visual and vestibular ratios were significantly different between the 2 study groups (P < .05), but somatosensory and visual preference ratios were not significantly different between these 2 groups (P > .05).
Individuals with moderate-to-severe FHP swayed more in comparison with mild FHP ones in conditions with the Sway-referenced platform of the SOT. They tended to rely on the hip strategy more than the ankle strategy excessively when sensory difficulty increased. Overall, it can be concluded that individuals with moderate-to-severe FHP are more likely to have postural deficits.
In animals, proper locomotion is crucial to find mates and foods and avoid predators or dangers. Multiple sensory systems detect external and internal cues and integrate them to modulate motor ...outputs. Proprioception is the internal sense of body position, and proprioceptive control of locomotion is essential to generate and maintain precise patterns of movement or gaits. This proprioceptive feedback system is conserved in many animal species and is mediated by stretch-sensitive receptors called proprioceptors. Recent studies have identified multiple proprioceptive neurons and proprioceptors and their roles in the locomotion of various model organisms. In this review we describe molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying proprioceptive feedback systems in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice. BMB Reports 2021; 54(8): 393-402
Purpose: The prevalence of upper cross syndrome(UCS) ranges from 28-67%. Despite of higher prevalence there is no clear rehabilitation program for the management of UCS. The muscle activation pattern ...and alteration from normal individual is yet to be recorded. Hence, the purpose of the study was to identify the pattern of muscle activation and recruitment in upper cross syndrome. Participants: 40 subjects i.e: 20 participants with diagnosed UCS and 20 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Methods: Initially 14 muscles of both side (Upper, middle and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, splenius capitis, pectoralis major, anterior scalene) were finalized as per the literature and MVIC for each muscle was recorded. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which participants of both groups were asked to perform a set of dynamic exercise (YTWL exercise) post familiarization using elastic resistance band during which onset latency, RMS value for muscle activation and activation ratio were calculated by Surface electrodes using 4 channel electromyographic system(26T Powerlab, ADInstruments Inc.). Average of 3 trial were considered. The RMS value and onset latency were reported as %MVIC and millisecond respectively. Kinesthesia of neck position was measured using joint position sense error(JPSE) test. Results: A significance difference was found in onset latency of upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior, UT:LT, SC:AS activation ratio(p.0.05). Joint position sense also found to be significant(p.0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant alteration in muscle activation pattern and kinesthesia in patients diagnosed with UCS. Implications: A focused rehabilitation program for overactive & poorly active muscle group will help in prevention and decreased recurrence of UCS.
In the Rubber Hand Illusion, the feeling of ownership of a rubber hand displaced from a participant's real occluded hand is evoked by synchronously stroking both hands with paintbrushes. A change of ...perceived finger location towards the rubber hand (proprioceptive drift) has been reported to correlate with this illusion. To measure the time course of proprioceptive drift during the Rubber Hand Illusion, we regularly interrupted stroking (performed by robot arms) to measure perceived finger location. Measurements were made by projecting a probe dot into the field of view (using a semi-transparent mirror) and asking participants if the dot is to the left or to the right of their invisible hand (Experiment 1) or to adjust the position of the dot to that of their invisible hand (Experiment 2). We varied both the measurement frequency (every 10 s, 40 s, 120 s) and the mode of stroking (synchronous, asynchronous, just vision). Surprisingly, with frequent measurements, proprioceptive drift occurs not only in the synchronous stroking condition but also in the two control conditions (asynchronous stroking, just vision). Proprioceptive drift in the synchronous stroking condition is never higher than in the just vision condition. Only continuous exposure to asynchronous stroking prevents proprioceptive drift and thus replicates the differences in drift reported in the literature. By contrast, complementary subjective ratings (questionnaire) show that the feeling of ownership requires synchronous stroking and is not present in the asynchronous stroking condition. Thus, subjective ratings and drift are dissociated. We conclude that different mechanisms of multisensory integration are responsible for proprioceptive drift and the feeling of ownership. Proprioceptive drift relies on visuoproprioceptive integration alone, a process that is inhibited by asynchronous stroking, the most common control condition in Rubber Hand Illusion experiments. This dissociation implies that conclusions about feelings of ownership cannot be drawn from measuring proprioceptive drift alone.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Animals rely on an internal sense of body position and movement to effectively control motor behavior. This sense of proprioception is mediated by diverse populations of mechanosensory neurons ...distributed throughout the body. Here, we investigate neural coding of leg proprioception in Drosophila, using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of proprioceptive sensory neurons during controlled movements of the fly tibia. We found that the axons of leg proprioceptors are organized into distinct functional projections that contain topographic representations of specific kinematic features. Using subclass-specific genetic driver lines, we show that one group of axons encodes tibia position (flexion/extension), another encodes movement direction, and a third encodes bidirectional movement and vibration frequency. Overall, our findings reveal how proprioceptive stimuli from a single leg joint are encoded by a diverse population of sensory neurons, and provide a framework for understanding how proprioceptive feedback signals are used by motor circuits to coordinate the body.
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•Proprioceptors in the fly leg encode tibia position, movement, and vibration•Proprioceptor axons are organized topographically in the fly ventral nerve cord•Genetic tools subdivide proprioceptors that encode distinct kinematic features•Single proprioceptors are tuned to specific joint angles and vibration frequencies
Proprioception, the internal sense of body position and movement, is essential for adaptive motor control. Mamiya et al. use in vivo calcium imaging to reveal the functional tuning and spatial organization of proprioceptors that monitor the femur-tibia joint of the Drosophila leg.
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