A glaring paucity of a measuring instrument for place branding effectiveness and place brand equity still remains. This study contributes theoretically by exploring and developing the dimensions and ...instrument of customer based place brand equity (CBPBE) quantitatively, in the context of international relations (public diplomacy) between two places, West Bengal (in India) and Bangladesh. To this end, the study employed: focus group discussion, depth interviews and survey, in order to develop and validate the items generated to measure CBPBE. Confirmatory factor analysis was used on a total sample of 437 respondents that resulted in a nine (9) item CBPBE scale, represented by multidimensional constructs namely: place brand salience, perceived quality and place brand engagement. The CBPBE construct is then tested with brand loyalty – investment attractiveness construct in a conceptual model in order to verify the nomological relationship of the instruments developed.
Sportswashing is a neologism that has begun to appear with increasing regularity in the English-language media over the past few years. However, there has been limited academic discussion of the term ...and certainly no sustained analysis of what it might or might not offer to sports scholars. This lacuna is particularly curious given the rapid rise in interest in related issues, such as the links between sport and soft power, sporting mega events and place branding and sports diplomacy. Therefore, this paper has three main objectives. First to trace the links between sport and other forms of ‘washing’ (whitewashing, greenwashing etc) and to identify similarities and differences in these approaches. Second, to situate sportswashing within the wider literature on sports and state relations so as to better assess what, if anything, makes it different from cognate terms, including propaganda, public diplomacy, soft power and place branding. Third, to reflect on the utility of the concept, in both analytical and practical terms, in the contemporary era.
By employing digital soft power as a theoretical framework, this article examines the increasing role of domestic digital platforms in the New Korean Wave and their contributions to cultural ...diplomacy. It discusses the ways in which digital soft power becomes the primary vehicle in cultural diplomacy related to the Korean Wave. As there are tensions and conflicts between these private platforms and the Korean government, this article critically analyzes the crucial relations between these two major parties in executing cultural diplomacy and digital soft power. As its methodological framework, the utilization of social media by the Korean government, particularly by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was used. It selects the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Facebook posts between 1 January and 31 December of 2022 to determine the ways in which the Korean government utilizes social media as a soft power tool. It develops discourse analysis in tandem with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Facebook posts to determine several major strategies the Korean government has advanced in the digital platform era.
This article focuses on the propaganda campaign that advisors to ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Āl Saʿūd ("Ibn Saud") -- emir, later sultan, of Najd and, later again, king of Najd and Hijaz, and finally king of Saudi ...Arabia -- engaged in between 1918 and 1932. It argues that this prolonged campaign was as crucial to the establishment of the state as the sultan's military conquest of the land. I term this a "campaign" because it was a connected attempt, having constant, clear messages emphasising ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz's positive leadership qualities, his reformist, modernising intent, and a positive representation of Wahhabism. It also disparaged his enemies and emphasised the natural unity of his recently conquered land. The campaign was central to persuading regional and global powers of the viability of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz's state-making project, and later, to gaining official diplomatic recognition of the Saudi state. The article studies this unfolding campaign through analysis of autobiographies, memoirs, travel and history books and articles written by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz's advisors; critical engagement with recent ample information on these advisors found on Saudi websites and in Saudi history books and the press; and US diplomatic correspondence.
Public Diplomacy: Taxonomies and Histories Cull, Nicholas J.
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,
03/2008, Letnik:
616, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Public diplomacy is a term much used but seldom subjected to rigorous analysis. This article-which draws heavily on a report commissioned by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the spring ...of 2007-sets out a simple taxonomy of public diplomacy's components and their interrelationships. These components are (1) listening, (2) advocacy, (3) cultural diplomacy, (4) exchange, and (5) international broadcasting. It examines five successful and five unsuccessful uses of each individual component drawing from the history of U.S., Franco-German, Swiss, and British diplomatic practice. The failures arise chiefly from a discrepancy between rhetoric and reality. The final section applies the author's taxonomy to the challenges of contemporary public diplomacy and places special emphasis on the need to conceptualize the task of the public diplomat as that of the creator and disseminator of "memes" (ideas capable of being spread from one person to another across a social network) and as a creator and facilitator of networks and relationships.
This study examines the role of listening methods within public diplomacy (PD)/foreign correspondents' relations. Listening theory plays a double role in the study: a) It serves as the theoretical ...basis for analyzing whether listening and, more specifically, feedback are applied by Israeli public diplomacy (PD) bodies; b) It serves as the core methodology of this study. We demonstrate the value of listening within the context of these professional relationships by applying a methodological simulation of listening. By systematically listening to both parties, one can uncover and trace gaps between the parties' perceptions and better understand their relationship. Based on fifty semi-structured, in-depth interviews with PD seniors and foreign correspondents, the study compares and contrasts the parties' perceptions regarding tactical and strategic aspects of Israeli PD organizations’ actions. The findings indicate a substantial lack of critical listening methods in Israel's PD mechanism. By applying systematic listening methods, gaps and weak links in the parties’ relationship surfaced. To address these gaps, we recommend implementing recurring feedback platforms. These might assist the parties in developing more authentic and open dialogue, despite disagreements and disputes.
This article consists of discourse analysis and application of digital technologies in public diplomacy. The phenomenon of territory branding, its connection with public diplomacy in international ...relations, and how this practice was implemented by the largest German-speaking countries: the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Austria and the Swiss Confederation are explored. Methodologically, scientific literature, mass media and materials of government organizations are used to analyze how certain subjects can use branding technologies. In conclusion, it is concluded that, although digital branding cannot solve problems by itself, it undoubtedly has an impact on interaction with foreign users, to a greater or lesser extent within the framework of public diplomacy.
Governments use public relations to promote their interests in international venues like the United Nations. To understand how governments market their value in environments of elite competition, I ...compare Canadian, Irish, and Norwegian narratives while campaigning for seats on the Security Council. Results of a strategic narrative analysis suggest Ireland told the strongest stories, creating an authenticity as the ‘nation of storytellers’ that maximized its valuation. Norway failed to substantively articulate the motivation behind its foreign policy, likely impacting brand loyalty among stakeholders. Canada had the weakest storytelling, with self-referential narratives lacking a sense of care that discredited, and at times even contradicted, the mutuality of it serving on the council. I posit these varying storytelling approaches contribute to understanding the campaigns’ disparate ROIs. Contextualizing strategic narratives as value propositions expands the interdisciplinarity of government public relations scholarship at the nexus of international relations, public diplomacy, and nation branding. I conclude by operationalizing system, identity, and issue narratives to highlight how practitioners can maximize organizational value through wholistic storytelling.
•Strategic narratives are useful for understanding how governments use stories to relay the value of their brand and policies.•Ireland’s storytelling had narrative coherence, fidelity, and continuity, reinforcing its brand as a nation of storytellers.•Norway’s storytelling failed to convey the motivation in its foreign policy, weakening the ability to build brand loyalty.•Canada’s storytelling was self-reflective and lacked mutuality, impeding it relationship cultivation with UN stakeholders.•This expands PR by anchoring the discursive turn in public diplomacy and nation branding in government public relations.
Public Diplomacy for a country is an important tool. This study aims to analyze the public diplomacy strategy carried out by Indonesia as a response to the Global War on Terror (GWOT) policy carried ...out by America after the events of September 11, 2001. Public diplomacy carried out by Indonesia through the Bali Democracy Forum (BDF) is growing. Every year the number of participating countries participating in the BDF continues to increase. Indonesia must be able to take advantage of this momentum and formulate an increasingly comprehensive public diplomacy strategy in order to improve Indonesia's self- image in the eyes of the international community. This study uses qualitative research methods with descriptive research types and secondary data collection through literature studies, such as books, journals, e-books, e- journals, and other internet sources such as from government agencies, ministries, embassies of the Republic of Indonesia (RI) and portals. online news
This study analyzes public diplomacy research in public relations scholarship through a content analysis of published articles between 1990 and 2022. It aims to understand the status of public ...diplomacy research and identify future research directions in the public relations field. Findings suggest that the field of public relations has the potential to contribute to the intellectual and practical development of public diplomacy. Relationship management theory was frequently applied to public diplomacy research and conceptual convergence of two disciplines was the most frequently researched category in the public relations field. This study also suggests that it might be time for scholars to move beyond normative theories of public relations and apply critical and postmodern theoretical approaches of public relations to inform public diplomacy practices. Findings also indicated how the public relations field can inform public diplomacy research through a variety of theoretical perspectives and methodologies. Future research recommendations are also offered.
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