Technology has revolutionized our ability to track animals across the globe, significantly advancing our understanding of animal movement 1, 2. Technological and logistical challenges, however, have ...led to non-migratory movements that fall outside of the territory/home range paradigm, receiving less attention. This may have resulted in a widespread underestimation of the frequency and spatial scale at which animals either move outside of their territories and home ranges or adopt altogether different space-use strategies. We used a breeding-range-wide automated radio-telemetry system to track movements in a migratory songbird, the Kirtland’s warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii). By attaching radio tags on the wintering grounds and relocating the same individuals on the breeding grounds, we were able to sample the population without regard to their eventual breeding status or space-use strategy. We found that a surprising proportion of breeders and most non-breeders made long-distance (5–77 km) movements during the breeding season while conspecifics remained within their small territories. Movement frequency peaked during the nestling and fledgling periods, indicating that both breeders and non-breeders were likely prospecting to inform dispersal. A literature review revealed that Kirtland’s warblers moved farther than most species in absolute distances and farther than all other species relative to normal daily movements. We argue that similarly long-distance movements likely exist in many other species but have gone undetected because of technological limitations, research biases, and logistical challenges. Underestimation of the scale of these poorly understood life history behaviors has important implications for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of animals.
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•Some Kirtland’s warblers move unexpectedly long distances during the breeding season•The timing of movements indicate that individuals likely move to inform dispersal•Distances moved are longer than described in a diverse group of birds and mammals•Similar long-distance movements probably exist in other species but remain undetected
By tracking individual Kirtland’s warblers across the annual cycle, Cooper and Marra discover that breeders and non-breeders prospect over longer distances than previously described in other taxa. Similar movements are likely common in other species but remain hidden due to technological limitations and research biases.
Understanding the functional links between social structure and population processes is a central aim of evolutionary ecology. Multiple types of interactions can be represented by networks drawn for ...the same population, such as kinship, dominance or affiliative networks, but the relative importance of alternative networks in modulating population processes may not be clear. We illustrate this problem, and a solution, by developing a framework for testing the importance of different types of association in facilitating the transmission of information. We apply this framework to experimental data from wild songbirds that form mixed-species flocks, recording the arrival (patch discovery) of individuals to novel foraging sites. We tested whether intraspecific and interspecific social networks predicted the spread of information about novel food sites, and found that both contributed to transmission. The likelihood of acquiring information per unit of connection to knowledgeable individuals increased 22-fold for conspecifics, and 12-fold for heterospecifics. We also found that species varied in how much information they produced, suggesting that some species play a keystone role in winter foraging flocks. More generally, these analyses demonstrate that this method provides a powerful approach, using social networks to quantify the relative transmission rates across different social relationships.
While the links between sun exposure and skin cancer are well known, the benefits of sun exposure, particularly as a source of vitamin D, are less well known. This paper reports on a deliberative ...study exploring public perspectives about sun exposure harms and benefits.
Two citizens' juries were conducted in Brisbane and Adelaide to consider questions about sun exposure, vitamin D and health promotion. Members of the general population (jurors) listened to evidence from expert witnesses about the harms and benefits of sun exposure. Most witness sessions extended for 60 min, with 6 sessions over 2 days. At each citizens' jury, jurors were asked to listen to expert testimony, consider the evidence and make policy recommendations. The planning and design of the citizens' juries were informed by well-established citizens' jury methods.
Jurors proposed that Australia needs improved public information about the harms and benefits of sun exposure. They argued for information that supports personal decision-making that accounts for differences in skin tone and geographical region. Jurors agreed that Australia needs an updated sun safety campaign that reflects new research and addresses diversity. A one-size-fits-all approach to sun protection may no longer be appropriate.
While a new campaign should address both harms and benefits, jurors felt the need for skin cancer prevention outweighs the desirability of generating vitamin D through sun exposure. More nuanced public health messages are needed, which balance the need for skin protection and vitamin D, and acknowledge the diversity of Australia's population. SO WHAT?: Previous research studies are typically siloed into the separate areas of vitamin D or skin cancer research. This study incorporated both topics and pooled the views of participants in two citizens' juries who agreed on the need for improved information about the harms and benefits of sun exposure to reflect a modern Australian population.
Colonial breeding is widespread among animals. Some, such as eusocial insects, may use agonistic behavior to partition available foraging habitat into mutually exclusive territories; others, such as ...breeding seabirds, do not. We found that northern gannets, satellite-tracked from 12 neighboring colonies, nonetheless forage in largely mutually exclusive areas and that these colony-specific home ranges are determined by density-dependent competition. This segregation may be enhanced by individual-level public information transfer, leading to cultural evolution and divergence among colonies.
Recent work has shown that animals frequently use social information from individuals of their own species as well as from other species; however, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of this ...social information use remain poorly understood. Additionally, information users may be selective in their social information use, deciding from whom and how to use information, but this has been overlooked in an interspecific context. In particular, the intentional decision to reject a behaviour observed via social information has received less attention, although recent work has indicated its presence in various taxa. Based on existing literature, we explore in which circumstances selective interspecific information use may lead to different ecological and coevolutionary outcomes between two species, such as explaining observed co‐occurrences of putative competitors. The initial ecological differences and the balance between the costs of competition and the benefits of social information use potentially determine whether selection may lead to trait divergence, convergence or coevolutionary arms race between two species. We propose that selective social information use, including adoption and rejection of behaviours, may have far‐reaching fitness consequences, potentially leading to community‐level eco‐evolutionary outcomes. We argue that these consequences of selective interspecific information use may be much more widespread than has thus far been considered.
Recent work has shown that animals frequently use social information from individuals of their own species as well as of other species, yet the consequences of social information use remain poorly understood. Furthermore, information users may be selective in their social information use, deciding from whom and how to use information, but this has been overlooked in interspecific context. Based on existing literature, we explore in which circumstances selective interspecific information use may lead to different ecological and coevolutionary outcomes between two species.
The free flow of information and ideas is a core part of any thought on democracy and is essential for the successful respect of human rights. It has the potential to cause human rights violations to ...occur in secret, there is no way to reveal a corrupt and inefficient government, and many other things. Based on this background, this research is based on the formulation of the problem 1) Philosophical Basis of Public Bodies as Public Information Providing Institutions in the Era of Public Information Openness; 2) Existence of the Information Commission as Administrator and Law Enforcer in Public Information Disclosure; 3) Public Entity's Liability Against Disputes Public Information From the Aspects of Administrative Law, Civil Law and Criminal Law. This research is a legal research (legal research). The approach in this research is a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The conclusions of this study include: Freedom of information is the spirit of democratization that offers freedom, but in this freedom the state can function itself effectively and efficiently without neglecting democratic principles. The effective enactment of the UU KIP in Indonesia starting April 30, 2010 opened a new era of public information disclosure in the country. The enactment of this law is part of the implementation of the spirit of transparency as the fulfillment of citizens' human rights to know public information (right to know) guaranteed by Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Comparing the disclosure of public information regarding the dissemination and publication to the public of newly enacted rules, setting Indonesia and the Netherlands as parameters is interesting as ...the legal cultures of both countries are intertwined and legal perspectives are constantly evolving. Despite differences in the rule of law, both countries have similar regulatory frameworks. This research uses a normative juridical writing method with a literature study to analyze the relationship between good governance and public information disclosure, including definitions, indicators, objectives, and important factors that influence the concept. The aim is to serve as a comparison parameter for a more efficient information disclosure mechanism. In Indonesia, the role of DPRDs is closely related to the issue of public information disclosure, as DPRDs have a dominant role in authority. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, the local government takes the lead in setting regulations. Nonetheless, both countries emphasize the importance of checks and balances through the establishment of RvD and KIP, to oversee and integrate the aspirations of the community. The results of this study suggest that public information disclosure is important in both Indonesia and the Netherlands, as demonstrated by regulations that prioritize transparency, accountability, public participation, responsiveness, and the rule of law in governance. This commitment to openness aims to bridge the gap between public expectations and government actions. And in conclusion, the harmony between the process of forming regulations involving the DPRD as a representative of the people's voice and information disclosure is interrelated in public services towards the achievement of good governance.
Ease of access to excerpts of the letter C land book as proof of ownership of land rights by the village government in the framework of public information disclosure is urgently needed at this time ...in order to reduce legal conflicts over land disputes. The research method uses empirical legal research with a sociological juridical approach. The results of the research show that the village government is guided by the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. The village government publishes a description of the history of the land based on the letter C book in the village to be given to the applicant provided that the applicant is a party that has a legal relationship with the object for which letter C is requested. Obstacles faced by the village government in providing easy access to excerpts from letter C as proof of ownership of land rights in order to realize public information disclosure and an alternative solution, namely the disorganization of village administration, especially in the village letter C book.How to cite item: Laila, Khotbatul. “Ease of Access to Proof of Land Ownership as a Principle of Information Disclosure.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 14 no. 2 (2023): 177-188. DOI: doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v14i2.10910.
The community still uses traditional media to deliver information to the people of the Old Hitu Hitu Country. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. This research was ...carried out in this research located in the Old Hitu Country, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. The study results show that the traditional communication used by the people of the Old Hitu Country in disseminating public information through the representation of the customary council. The use of traditional media in communication in disseminating Public Information in the Hitu Country is carried out by using traditional media to convey information related to the Indigenous government and the State Government itself. Traditional communication has advantages for indigenous peoples because it builds harmony between the King of Hitu and the people. The accessibility of traditional media in delivering public information through traditional media in Hitu is still being carried out and maintained by the King, such as Sansiri and Tifa.
Despite little evidence of efficacy, public information campaigns have been a popular strategy for deterring migration. Advertising campaigns to dissuade would-be migrants from leaving home or ...seeking asylum are increasingly prevalent around the world, and Australia has devoted millions of dollars to these campaigns. Perhaps the most famous is the campaign launched in 2014, with the message: “No Way. You will not make Australia home.” In this article, I develop the concept of enforcement infrastructure to illustrate the relationships, technologies, actors, and policies that together facilitate enforcement of Australia’s borders and produce campaigns such as the “No Way” campaign. Just as infrastructure facilitates the production of value in other contexts, so too does the creation of enforcement infrastructure produce different types of value in the context of enforcement. Mapping the enforcement infrastructure highlights the different types of value produced by this constellation of actors, from profitable market research to reinforcing colonial logics of exclusion.
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