•Fast permutation entropy is proposed for online analysis of PRV signals.•The feasibility of developing low-cost wearable devices to verify the proposed method.•The computational speed of the ...proposed method is demonstrated by simulated and measured data to be faster than the traditional permutation entropy.
Pulse rate variability (PRV) signals are extracted from pulsation signal can be effectively used for cardiovascular disease monitoring in wearable devices. Permutation entropy (PE) algorithm is an effective index for the analysis of PRV signals. However, PE is computationally intensive and impractical for online PRV processing on wearable devices. Therefore, to overcome this challenge, a fast permutation entropy (FPE) algorithm is proposed based on the microprocessor data updating process in this paper, which can analyze PRV signals with single-sample recursive. The simulation data and PRV signals extracted from pulse signals in “Fantasia database” were utilized to verify the performance and accuracy of the improved methods. The results show that the speed of FPE is 211 times faster than PE and maintain the accuracy of algorithm (Root Mean Squared Error = 0) for simulation data with a length of 10,000 samples and embedded dimension m = 5, time delay τ = 5, buffer length Lw = 512. For the RRV signals with 3000∼5000 samples, the result show that the consumption of FPE is less than 0.2 s, which is 175 times faster than PE. This indicates that FPE has better application performance than PE. Furthermore, a low-cost wearable signal detection system is developed to verify the proposed method, the result show that the proposed method can calculate the FPE of PRV signal online with single-sample recursive calculation. Subsequently, entropy-based features are used to explore the performance of decision trees in identifying life-threatening arrhythmias, and the method resulted in a classification accuracy of 85.43%. It can therefore be inferred that the proposed method has great potential in cardiovascular disease.
Abstract
Among 683 participants in the Women’s Lifestyle Validation Study (2010–2012), we evaluated the performance of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) and Web-based 24-hour ...recalls (Activities Completed Over Time in 24 Hours (ACT24)) using multiple comparison methods. Two PAQs, 4 ACT24s, two 7-day accelerometer measurements, 1 doubly labeled water (DLW) physical activity level (PAL) measure (repeated; n = 90), and 4 resting pulse rate measurements were collected over 15 months. The deattenuated correlation between the PAQ and DLW PAL was 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.49) for total physical activity (PA) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.48) for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). These correlations were similar when using accelerometry as the comparison method. Single and averaged ACT24 measurements had lower correlations with DLW and accelerometry as comparison methods. The PAQ showed inverse correlations with DLW body fat percentage and resting pulse rate. Using the method of triads, the estimated correlation of the PAQ with true total PA was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.62) and that with true MVPA was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.69). For averaged ACT24, the estimated correlations were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.59) for total PA and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.58) for MVPA, and for averaged accelerometry, these estimated correlations were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.81) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.71), respectively. The PAQ provided reasonable validity for total PA and MVPA.
Heart rate is a transdiagnostic correlate of affective states and the stress diathesis model of health. While most psychophysiological research has been conducted in laboratory environments, recent ...technological advances have provided the opportunity to index pulse rate dynamics in real world environments with commercially available mobile health (mHealth) and wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors that allow for improved ecologically validity of psychophysiological research. Unfortunately, adoption of wearable devices are unevenly distributed across important demographic characteristics, including socioeconomic status, education, and age making it difficult to collect pulse rate dynamics in diverse populations. Therefore, there is a need to democratize mHealth PPG research by harnessing more widely adopted smartphone-based PPG to both promote inclusivity and examine whether smartphone-based PPG can predict concurrent affective states.
In the current preregistered study with open data and code, we examined the covariation of smartphone-based PPG and self-reported stress and anxiety during an online variant of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), as well as prospective relationships between PPG and future perceptions of stress and anxiety in a sample of 102 university students.
Smartphone-based PPG significantly covaries with self-reported stress and anxiety during acute digital social stressors. PPG pulse rate was significantly associated with concurrent self-reported stress and anxiety (b = 0.44, p = 0.018) as well as prospective stress and anxiety at the subsequent time points, although the strength of this association diminished the farther away pulse rate got from self-reported stress and anxiety (lag 1 Model: b = 0.42, p = .024; lag 2 model: b = 0.38, p = 0.044).
These findings indicate that PPG provides a proximal measure of the physiological correlates of stress and anxiety. Smartphone-based PPG can be used as an inclusive method for diverse populations to index pulse rate in remote digital study designs.
The new normal era brings people new habits, one of which is wearing masks. The particulate respirator N95 mask (N95 mask) is the mask with the highest filtration, but there are some complaints ...regarding its use, one of which is difficulty breathing. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is an effect of using an N95 mask on oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR). This study uses a convenience sampling technique with a sample size of 60 respondents. The research design used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre and post-test design. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test with p <0.0001, which means that there are differences in the results of SpO2, RR, and PR before and after using the N95 mask. Suggestions for health workers and policymakers in Indonesia to be able to apply the maximum hours of using N95 masks so that health workers avoid illness, disability, or discomfort which can maintain optimal performance.
Behavioral problems may affect individuals with dementia, increasing the cost and burden of care. Pet therapy has been known to be emotionally beneficial for many years. Robotic pets have been shown ...to have similar positive effects without the negative aspects of traditional pets. Robotic pet therapy offers an alternative to traditional pet therapy.
The study rigorously assesses the effectiveness of the PARO robotic pet, an FDA approved biofeedback device, in treating dementia-related symptoms.
A randomized block design with repeated measurements guided the study. Before and after measures included reliable, valid tools such as: RAID, CSDD, GDS, pulse rate, pulse oximetry, and GSR. Participants interacted with the PARO robotic pet, and the control group received standard activity programs. Five urban secure dementia units comprised the setting.
61 patients, with 77% females, average 83.4 years in age, were randomized into control and treatment groups. Compared to the control group, RAID, CSDD, GSR, and pulse oximetry were increased in the treatment group, while pulse rate, pain medication, and psychoactive medication use were decreased. The changes in GSR, pulse oximetry, and pulse rate over time were plotted for both groups. The difference between groups was consistent throughout the 12-week study for pulse oximetry and pulse rate, while GSR had several weeks when changes were similar between groups.
Treatment with the PARO robot decreased stress and anxiety in the treatment group and resulted in reductions in the use of psychoactive medications and pain medications in elderly clients with dementia.
Flexible pulse sensors that can detect subtle skin surface deformation caused by arterial pulses are key components for developing non‐invasive continuous pulse waveform monitoring systems that ...provide vital health status parameters. Piezoelectric pulse sensors (PPSs) offer a promising solution for flexible pulse sensors due to their relatively high sensitivity and stability, and low power consumption, when compared with conventional active pulse sensors. However, the reported high‐performance PPSs contain toxic lead, which limits their practical applications. In this study, a highly sensitive and flexible PPS that detects surface deflections on the micrometer scale is fabricated with single‐crystalline group III‐nitride thin film. This biocompatible flexible PPS is sensitive enough to detect pulse waveform with detailed characteristic peaks from most arterial pulse sites when attached to the skin surface without applying external pressure. Useful physiological parameters such as the pulse rate, artery augmentation index, and pulse wave velocity can be drawn from the as‐acquired pulse waveforms. The flexible PPS can also be used to continuously monitor the arterial pulse waveform.
A single‐crystalline group III‐nitride thin film‐based flexible piezoelectric pulse sensor offers an energy efficient, highly sensitive, durable, and biocompatible approach for continuous, unobtrusive arterial pulse waveform monitoring.
Wearable flexible sensors have developed rapidly in recent years because of their improved capacity to detect human motion in wide-ranging situations. In order to meet the requirements of flexibility ...and low detection limits, a new pressure sensor was fabricated based on electrospun barium titanate/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (BTO@MWCNTs) core-shell nanofibers coated with styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS). The sensor material (BTO@MWCNTs/SEBS) had a SEBS to BTO/MWCNTs mass ratio of 20:1 and exhibited an excellent piezoelectricity over a wide range of workable pressures from 1 to 50 kPa, higher output current of 56.37 nA and a superior piezoresistivity over a broad working range of 20–110 kPa in compression. The sensor also exhibited good durability and repeatability under different pressures and under long-term cyclic loading. These properties make the composite ideal for applications requiring monitoring subtle pressure changes (exhalation, pulse rate) and finger movements. The pressure sensor developed based on BTO@MWCNTs core-shell nanofibers has demonstrated great potential to be assembled into intelligent wearable devices.
Display omitted
•A new pressure sensor was fabricated based on electrospun BTO@MWCNTs core-shell nanofibers and SEBS.•The pressure sensor exhibited a working pressure range of 1–50 kPa and an output currentof 56.97 nA.•The pressure sensor was capable of sensing in an ultra-wide working range (1–110 kPa).
In this paper, we present a real-time quality-aware pulse waveform delineation and parameter extraction method for accurate and reliable measurements of pulse parameters from photoplethysmogram (PPG) ...signals. It consists of three major stages: the PPG signal quality assessment (PPG-SQA) using autocorrelation function (ACF) and number of threshold-crossings (NTC) features, the zero-frequency resonator (ZFR) based pulse onset and peak determination, and the pulse parameter extraction. The method is implemented on the Arduino Due with a 32-bit Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 CPU, 512-kB flash memory, 96-kB SRAM, and 84-MHz clock speed. The method is evaluated on the recorded PPG signals and three standard PPG databases. The PPG-SQA algorithm achieves an average sensitivity (Se)=98.62%, specificity (Sp)=97.37%, and overall accuracy (OA)=98.09%. The algorithm achieves an average Se=99.88%, positive predictivity (Pp)=99.89, Se=99.82%, and Pp=99.95%, respectively with the delineation errors (mean ± standard deviation) of 8.45 ± 9.39 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">ms </tex-math></inline-formula> and 0.23 ± 1.33 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">ms </tex-math></inline-formula> for finding onsets and peaks, respectively. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the parameter measurement errors are minimum for most of the pulse cycles. Results show that our quality-aware PPG analysis scheme can achieve a false alarm rate reduction (FARR) of 97.36% which outperforms the other existing SQA algorithms. It can lead to save transmission and processing energy from 8.33% to 95.63% and 8.33% to 59.77% for a duration from 5 to 60 s, respectively. The method has great potential for low-energy IoT and unsupervised health monitoring devices.
To examine the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a normal population and the associations of IOP with other ocular and systemic parameters.
Out of 3468 participants of the ...population-based cross-sectional Beijing Eye Study 2011 we selected those individuals without glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The study particpants underwent a detailed ophthalmologic and systemic examination. IOP was measured by air puff non-contact tonometry.
The study included 3135 eyes of 3135 participants with a mean age of 64.1 ± 9.6 years (mean ± standard deviation). The mean IOP was 14.7 ± 2.8 mmHg. The 95% percentile and 97.5% percentile of the IOP distribution decreased from 20 mmHg / 21 mmHg in individuals aged 40 to 54 years to 18 mmHg / 19 mmHg in individuals aged ≥80 years. In multivariable analysis, higher IOP was associated with the systemic parameters of younger age (P<0.001), higher blood concentration of glucose (P = 0.03) and triglycerides (P<0.001), higher diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001), higher pulse rate (P = 0.003) and higher quantity of alcohol consumption (P = 0.004), and with the ocular parameters of larger central corneal thickness (P<0.001), more myopic refractive error (P = 0.01) and steeper anterior corneal curvature radius (P = 0.006). IOP decreased significantly by 0.50 mmHg and 0.76 mmHg for each increase in age by 10 years and each increase in corneal curvature radius by 1.0 mm, respectively. The range of the mean ± 2 standard deviations of the IOP adjusted for the parameters of the multivariable model was 9.0 to 18.1 mmHg versus 9.2-20.2 mmHg for the unadjusted IOP. In the age group of 50 to 55 years, the age-adjusted IOP range (mean ± 2 standard deviations) was 9 to 18 mmHg, and in the age group of ≥75 years, it was 8 to 18 mmHg.
IOP physiologically depends on a multitude of systemic and ocular factors including age and blood pressure. These physiological associations of the IOP may be taken into account in the definition of the normal range of the IOP.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of our study is to determine the impact of caffeine consumption before exercise activities on the body composition, rest pulsebpm, hemoglobinmg/dL, glucosemg/dL values of women who have ...an exercise history of at least 3 years. A total of 28 healthy women willingly participated in our study, consisting of the Step-aerobic group (Group A, N=10); Zumba (Group B, N=9), and the control group (Group C, N=9). In our study, caffeine xanthine was applied to the Step aerobics (6gr) and Zumba groups (3gr) 60 minutes before exercise respectively. On the other hand, no caffeine application was conducted in the control group. In the statistical analysis of our study, the SPSS 24 version program was utilized. The paired sample t-test was utilized for the comparison of inter-group pre-test and post-test averages, while One Way Anova was utilized for group comparisons. When inter-group comparisons were conducted in the study, the data that differences occurred in Group A, BW (kg), BMI (kg/m2), glucose(mg/dL); Group B, glucose(mg/dL), rest pulse(bpm) was reached (p<0.05). When the group averages were compared, the finding that the body composition and rest pulse(bpm) measurements demonstrated differences was reached (p<0.05). In conclusion, the finding that pre-exercise caffeine intake leads to decreases in body composition measurements and increases in the averages of blood glucose(mg/dL), and rest pulse(bpm) was reached.
PDF
