The emergence of smart cities and sustainable development has become a globally accepted form of urbanization. The epitome of smart city development has become possible due to the latest innovative ...integration of information and communication technology. Citizens of smart cities can enjoy the benefits of a smart living environment, ubiquitous connectivity, seamless access to services, intelligent decision making through smart governance, and optimized resource management. The widespread acceptance of smart cities has raised data security issues, authentication, unauthorized access, device‐level vulnerability, and sustainability. This article focuses on the holistic overview and conceptual development of smart city. Initially, the work discusses the smart city idea and fundamentals explored in various pieces of literature. Further various smart city applications along with notable implementations, are put forth to understand the quality of living standards. Finally, the article depicts a solid understanding of different security and privacy issues, including some crucial future research directions.
Green space (GS) provides a number of environmental and social benefits to the urban residents and these GS are very crucial for a sustainable urban environment and human well-being. However, spatial ...distributions of GS are rarely uniform over the space, thus creating green injustice. In this, an attempt has been made to assess the relationship between quality of living (QLI) and GS developing greenness Index (GI) across the urban centers in the Kolkata megacity region (KMR), Eastern India. Eighteen variables under three domains were selected to develop the QLI, and three remote sensing indices were used to develop the quality of GS Correlation anslysis was carried out to assess the relationship between QL and GS. Explanatory factor analysis was used to understand the association between factors affecting QL and GS. The Gini coefficient (GC) was used to measure the spatial equity of GS across urban centers. The findings showed that there was a negative correlation between QLI and GI (−0.278). The urban centers with 'very high' and 'high' QLI were characterized by 'very low' and 'low' GI. Most of the urban centers around Kolkata were characterized by 'very high' and 'high' QLI and 'very low and 'low' GI. GS results showed that there was an inequality of GS distribution across the urban centers in KMR. The findings suggest that GS in the cities should be increased and improved for GS justice by enhancing per capita availability and accessibility.
•The relationships between quality of living (QL) and green spaces (GS) have been estimated.•The spatial inequality of GI has been examined.•There is an extreme inequality of GS distribution across the urban centers in KMR.•The urban centers with high QL were characterized by relatively low GS.
Through the promotion of the human security concept, the UN Development Agency offered an analytical framework that enables the identification of the security problem sources. By monitoring relevant ...indicators within seven areas essential for people's quality of life, the Human Security concept enables directed action on recognized sources and their elimination. The importance of applying standards of International Organization for Standardization as a platform for creating public policies to achieve sustainable development goals is indisputable. One of ISO's missions is to help developing countries build their capacities in areas such as designing development strategies, technical and operational expertise and familiarizing policymakers with the benefits of applying international standards. Certainly, for the realization of this potential, more active participation of the governments of developed countries is necessary; with their political authority based on economic power, the developed countries would contribute to ensuring that the standards are equally respected regardless of the level of development of a country.
Quality of living is a multidimensional concept of an individual or a society. It has been influenced by different factors such as housing conditions, health conditions, education, assets, and other ...basic amenities. This research deals with assessing the level of household Quality of Living (QoL) of Berhampore Town (city) in Murshidabad district in West Bengal, India. Household Quality of Living is measured based on twenty indicators. These indicators are used as different domains like Human Capital Index, Assets Index, Basic Amenities Index, and Housing Index. Quality of living conditions is determined based on composite scores. The result shows that living conditions differ in different parts of this town. The living condition of the central part is better than other parts of this city.
This study provides insight into the regional disparity of households’ quality of living standards in India through the selective indicators. A household quality of living index (HQI) which is called ...a composite index was developed by integrating four indices which are housing facility index (HFI-1), basic facility index (BFI-2), financial asset index (FAI-3) and human capital index (HCI-4). These four indices have been developed from 23 census indicators through entropy techniques. The research findings indicate that the central (Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), eastern (Odisha, Jharkhand), and northeastern region (Arunanchal Pradesh and Nagaland) have poor living standards, and these are highly influenced by the basic facility index and financial asset index. Further, the indicators like concrete materials, radio, computer, two-wheeler, four-wheeler and drainage systems are totally in the poor category for almost 95% of the districts of India. Accordingly, hotspot GIS maps were generated and these maps explored that the 24.6% (157 districts) of the study region covered by hotspot showing poor quality of living. Nearly 14 states covered by hotspots, in which Bihar has the highest hotspot district (29), followed by Odisha (24), Madhya Pradesh (22) and Jharkhand (20). Additionally, three set of hotspot clusters were created for the developmental purpose: Cluster 1: (Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh), cluster 2: (Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal) and cluster 3: (Assam and Meghalaya). Where cluster 1 needs immediate attention followed by cluster 2 and 3. The current study results certainly assists the regional and national policy and decision makers to implement the development plan in hotspot clusters to enhance the quality of living.
OBJECTIVETo discuss the efficacy of bundled nursing management in nursing of elderly patients with pressure ulcers. METHODS148 hospitalized elderly patients with pressure ulcers in our hospital were ...taken as the study subjects. The study subjects were randomly assigned to the observation group (n=74) and the control group (n=74) using the random number table method. The control group adopted the routine nursing model, while the observation group adopted the bundled nursing. A comparison of the two groups included the cure rate of pressure ulcers, anxiety (using self-rating anxiety scale), depression (using self-rating depression scale), quality of living (using MOS SF-36 scale), sleep quality and patient satisfaction. RESULTSThe cure rate of pressure ulcers in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.01). The SAS and SDS scores in the observation group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.001). The scores of physical function, general health, social function, emotional role, and mental health in the observation group were greater than those in the control group (all P<0.01). The sleep quality scores in the observation group were less than those in the control group (all P<0.001). The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONThe application of bundled nursing management in the nursing of elderly patients with pressure ulcers is effective, which can promote the cure rate of pressure ulcers, improve the depression or anxiety, quality of living and sleep of patients, and enhance patient satisfaction. It deserves clinical promotion and use.
•Measure urban integration of land-deprived households by comparing quality of living and social welfare to urban households.•Land-deprived households in all regions of China are not well integrated ...into urban society, but better education can help.•Land-deprived households tend to stay in inferior urban communities with lower average quality of living and social welfare.•Land-deprived households in inferior communities have same happiness level as normal urban households in better communities.•Land acquisition raises quality of living and social welfare of the land-deprived households staying in rural areas.
This study finds that the land-deprived households who have migrated from rural to urban areas (the land-deprived urban households) in all regions of China are not well integrated into urban society, which is reflected by their lower quality of living and inferior social welfare compared to normal urban households. However, we find an anomaly that land-deprived urban households, compared to the normal urban households, have lower quality of living and lower participation rate in urban social security, but have similar level of self-evaluated happiness. This anomaly can be explained by the fact that the land-deprived urban households self-select into inferior communities with neighbors of similar living and social conditions, and their happiness and social utility depend more on their status relative to their neighbors than on their status relative to the whole urban society. In addition, this study finds that land acquisition raises the quality of living and social welfare of the land-deprived households, migrating into urban areas does not improve their quality of living or social welfare, but better education and younger age facilitate their integration into urban society.
Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the usefulness of incorporating videogames as a physical activity training program for women above 60 years old. Methods: An intergroup, intragroup and ...multigroup design on three groups were used as well as experimental methodology. Women above 60 years old (N=43, age=67.74 ± 5.03 years), completed a proprioceptive and resistance training during three months and three sessions a week. Participants were divided into: control group (CG) (n=11; age=67.09 ± 6.25 years), does not do the experimental training. Experimental group 1 (EG1: N= 16; age= 66.94 ± 4.14 years) performed a proprioceptive and resistance training program of 40 minutes, adding the use of a videogame during 20 minutes. Experimental group 2 (EG2) (N=16; age=69.00 ± 4.99 years), performed the same training without the videogame training. Results: We found an improvement in EG1 in body fat, balance with and without vision, dominant hand isometric force and VO2max. The EG2 group improves in body mass index (BMI), body fat, non-dominant hand isometric force and VO2max. CG does not change. Conclusion: Joining a physical training program, including proprioceptive and aerobic resistance exercises result in a weight and BMI drop, and a VO2max improvement in both groups (EG1 and EG2). Additionally, if the training program is completed with the use of videogames (EG1), monopodal static balance improve more than EG1 and EG2, with and without vision, which is considered beneficial to prevent falls in women over 60 years.
Resumen. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad de incorporar videojuegos en un programa de actividad física en mujeres mayores de 60 años. Método: Se diseñó un estudio intergrupal, intragrupo y multigrupo, así como una metodología experimental. Se implementó un entrenamiento de resistencia y propiocepción en mujeres mayores de 60 años (N=43, Edad=67.74 ± 5.03 años, durante tres meses y tres sesiones semanales. Se dividió en un grupo control (GC) (n=11; Edad=67.09 ± 6.25 años), no realizó entrenamiento. Grupo experimental 1 (GE1) (EG1: N= 16; edad= 66.94 ± 4.14 años), realizó un entrenamiento de resistencia y propiocepción y se añadió el uso de videojuegos durante 20 minutos. Grupo Experimental 2 (GE2) (N=16; edad=69.00 ± 4.99 años), que realizó el mismo entrenamiento sin el uso de videojuegos. Resultados: Encontramos una mejora en el GE1 en grasa corporal, equilibrio con y sin visión, fuerza isométrica en la mano dominante y VO2max. El GE2 mejoró en el índice de masa corporal (IMC), grasa corporal, fuerza isométrica en la mano no dominante y VO2max. No se encontraron cambios en el GC. Conclusión: La inclusión en un programa físico de entrenamiento que incluye propiocepción y ejercicios aeróbicos de resistencia reduce el peso, el IMC y el VO2max en ambos grupos (GE1, GE2). Además, si el programa de entrenamiento es completado con el uso de videojuegos (GE1), se mejora el equilibrio estático monopodal, con y sin visión, lo cual es considerado beneficioso para prevenir caídas en mujeres mayores de 60 años.
Several factors contribute to the lower quality of living of post-communist countries like Romania, such as housing quality, access to basic infrastructure or services including healthcare, and low ...income and education levels. To evaluate to what extent the quality of living is related to social and economic factors, including access to medical services, a field questionnaire was applied to 703 respondents from 8 settlements located in the South-East of Romania. Using the Principal Component Analysis, four determinants were selected to compute a Quality of Living Index (QoLI): sewage, room surface per dweller, dwelling accessibility and fuel use for cooking. The QoLI computed for each respondent varied between 29.7 and 94.8 with a mean value of 58.5. It was directly related to the level of education and income and with several healthcare parameters. The mean value for each Local Administrative Unit was used to establish a ranking, with the commune of Mihail Kogălniceanu (Constanța county) having the highest average QoLI, and the commune of Brăești (Buzău county) having the lowest average QoLI. The QoLI of investigated settlements was in line with the results reported by other studies that assessed the socio-economic development of towns and it can be used as a tool to establish the level of living conditions and to prioritize the need of intervention.
V prispevku je predstavljeno vrednotenje kakovosti bivalnega okolja, ki temelji na anketiranju lokalnih prebivalcev. Anketiranje smo izvedli v izbranih soseskah organizirane tržne gradnje ...enodružinskih hiš v obmestnih naseljih v Ljubljanski urbani regiji. Prikazane so tudi osnovne značilnosti razvoja prebivalstva v Ljubljanski urbani regiji s posebnim poudarkom na obmestnih naseljih. Na osnovi raziskave lahko zaključimo, da je večina prebivalcev proučevanih sosesk zadovoljna s kakovostjo bivanja, slabše ocenjujejo le pogoje za dnevno mobilnost.
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