The international criminology and social policy literature have long explored possible connections between social welfare and crime. However, existing studies tend towards high‐level comparisons of ...crime versus total aggregate welfare spend, overlooking sub‐national contextual differences between and within countries. There are also few studies that deeply explore this link in the Antipodes, including in Australia: a settler colony and (neo)liberal welfare state with a recent strong coupling of punitive social and penal policies that disproportionately impact Indigenous populations. This paper attends to these gaps by examining the welfare‐crime link in remote Indigenous Queensland (Australia). We use crime‐report data and an interrupted time series design to explore the effects of dynamic social welfare policies during 2020–2021: a period that saw a temporary shift away from a strict neoliberal welfare model (i.e., heavy conditionality, low benefit rates) to more supportive and decommodifying social welfare in response to the COVID‐19 induced economic recession. Our findings align with previous studies that suggest more supportive and decommodifying policies are associated with lower crime. We also bring greater nuance to how the crime‐welfare link is understood within the ‘structural complexity of Australian settler colonialism’ (Wolfe. Journal of Genocide Research. 2006;8:392), by illuminating how a politics of race animates social policies that can either produce or reduce criminogenic strains and, thus, socially construct crime in the image of the Indigenous ‘Other’.
This article offers an insightful analysis of presidential policy towards Rhodesia during the UDI era of 1965 to 1979. I provide an informative account of the stance adopted by the differing ...presidential administrations towards Salisbury and highlight the shifting alignment of the global and domestic dynamics that shaped decision-making. I also explore the complex relationship between pragmatism and morality in formulating policy and consider intriguing questions over the competing visions within Washington of what constituted pragmatism or morality during the era of decolonisation.
Still a house divided King, Desmond S; Smith, Rogers M
2011., 20110822, 2011, 2011-08-22, Letnik:
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Why have American policies failed to reduce the racial inequalities still pervasive throughout the nation? Has President Barack Obama defined new political approaches to race that might spur unity ...and progress? Still a House Divided examines the enduring divisions of American racial politics and how these conflicts have been shaped by distinct political alliances and their competing race policies. Combining deep historical knowledge with a detailed exploration of such issues as housing, employment, criminal justice, multiracial census categories, immigration, voting in majority-minority districts, and school vouchers, Desmond King and Rogers Smith assess the significance of President Obama's election to the White House and the prospects for achieving constructive racial policies for America's future.
There is no exact European equivalent to the U.S. Fair Housing Act. The member states of the European Union (EU) have transposed into law the EU Racial Equality Directive of 2000 that prohibits ...discrimination in, among other things, access to the supply of goods and services, including housing, on the basis of race. Most housing discrimination case law so far comes from nonbinding decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and European Committee of Social Rights under the revised European Social Charter of the Council of Europe. This article explains how the European context of discrimination and segregation differs from the American, reviews the major legal conventions establishing equal rights in housing, protected classes, and key precedents. It discusses how mixing policies in social housing are the primary mechanism to reduce residential segregation in Europe. The special case of extreme discrimination against the Roma is presented, before concluding with some comparative observations.
Privatizing the administration of American prisons represents a popular tool of correctional governance. In turn, policy and public administration researchers are routinely studying the consequences ...of prison privatization on criminal justice outcomes such as recidivism rates and prisoner complaints. However, much less attention has been paid to the antecedents of privatization decisions occurring across states, in particular how racial determinants might be influencing privatization outcomes. Building upon existing policy research with theories of social construction and negative racial classification, we argue that privatization debates over corrections management become more racialized when Black prisoners comprise a larger share of the state prison population, predicting higher overall levels of privatization usage. We further argue that this Black prisoner presence‐privatization relationship is context‐specific and conditioned by two additional variables: (1) levels of mass racial stereotyping and (2) partisan composition of state government. The statistical analysis demonstrates that racial determinants do significantly influence state prison privatization decisions and in complex ways as theorized. In states where Blacks make up a larger share of the prison population, privatization usage is found to be higher. Additionally, in line with theoretical expectations, Black prisoner presence is associated with increased privatization levels most strongly in states where citizenries hold heightened levels of racial fear and Republicans have increased legislative presence. This research is of keen interest to scholars of public policy and management, who could pay more heed to the ways in which race influences decisions around administrative structuring and outcomes for taxpayers and clients.
Background Improving the health of black and minority ethnic (BME) men in the US continues to be a public health priority. Compared with men of other races and ethnicities, African-American men have ...higher rates of mortality and morbidity from chronic illness and diseases including cancer, heart disease, prostate cancer, diabetes and HIV/AIDS. One way to address these disparities is to include African-American men in health research, to elicit their perspectives on health risks and protective factors. These can then inform interventions aimed at reducing health disparities. However, challenges remain in recruiting and engaging African-American men in health research.
Aim To provide strategies for recruiting African-American men in health research, using as an exemplar a qualitative study of fathers' perspectives of sexual health promotion with young African-American males.
Discussion Efforts are needed to increase the representation of African-American men in health research. Ensuring that researchers are aware of the cultural, social and environmental factors related to decisions to participate in research can lead to effective methods to recruit and engage them.
Conclusion There are several essential strategies for increasing African-American men's participation in health research: ensuring the research team is culturally and gender-sensitive; recruiting in trusted environments; using respected gatekeepers; developing trust with participants; and being transparent.
Implications for practice Implementing strategies to include African-American men in health research has the potential to improve health disparities in the US.
This article explores the calculated approach adopted by the John F. Kennedy Administration in formulating policy toward apartheid South Africa. The article will demonstrate that in a strategy which ...mirrored its approach toward the domestic racial question, the White House offered symbolic gestures to appease the newly independent African states but refused to engage in stronger actions that could lead to tangible change for fear of damaging ties with a vehemently anti-communist Cold War ally.
Pan-Asianism as a concept is conventionally associated with Japan's imperialism during the Second World War. This paper, in contrast, argues that far from being merely a language of hegemony, ...Pan-Asianism had a far more complex role to play in the early twentieth century. As an anti-imperial ideology, Pan-Asianism advanced a normative argument for the emancipation of Asia from Western imperialism and provided an alternative vision of civilization. As an anti-imperial strategy, Pan-Asianism offered Indian nationalist leaders in exile a necessary language to gain international support in favour of their nationalist movement. The paper explains how the ideological and strategic aspects of Pan-Asianism then affected and informed the development of contemporary international law with specific reference to the law of neutrality, the right to self-determination, racial equality, and the Monroe Doctrine. By doing so, it sheds light on an important yet ignored episode of the historical development of international law.
This research examined how Southeast Asian-Americans are treated in leading K-12 and higher education research. A qualitative meta-analysis was conducted using secondary data sources. I analyzed ...1,192 pages of text from 151 peer-reviewed academic articles in six K-12 and higher education journals. In a span of 10 years (2007-2016), only four of the 151 articles (2.6%) reviewed specifically addressed in whole or in part Southeast Asian-Americans—one of the most disadvantaged ethnic minority groups in America. Findings demonstrated that aggregating racial data for Asian-Americans silences under-represented Southeast Asian-Americans, suggesting that the continued fight for racial equality in educational research for Southeast AsianAmericans requires more attention at the most basic level.
This article is based on a Doctoral research, focused on the evaluation of pedagogical practices awarded by the 4th Educar para a Igualdade Racial (Educate for Racial Equality) Award, conceived by ...the Center for Studies on Work Relations and Inequalities. The goal is to analyze the pedagogical practices carried out by the teachers who won the 4th edition of this Award, in order to demonstrate elements present in the elaboration of pedagogical actions in face of the complexity of racism in the Brazilian society. To do so, it is demonstrated the trajectory of the Black Educator Movement in the creation of Law no. 10.639/2003, as well as it is discussed its unfoldings and challenges from the perspective of emancipatory education. Finally, it is pointed out relevant elements for the anti-racist fight in the school context.
Este artigo foi baseado em uma pesquisa de Doutorado, centrada na avaliação das práticas pedagógicas laureadas pelo 4º Prêmio Educar para a Igualdade Racial, idealizado pelo Centro de Estudos das Relações de Trabalho e Desigualdades. O objetivo é analisar as práticas pedagógicas realizadas pelas professoras ganhadoras da 4ª edição desse Prêmio, a fim de demonstrar elementos presentes para a elaboração das ações pedagógicas face à complexidade do racismo vigente na sociedade brasileira. Para tanto, demonstra-se a trajetória do Movimento Negro Educador na criação da Lei No 10.639/2003, bem como tematizam-se seus desdobramentos e seus desafios na perspectiva da educação emancipatória. Por fim, apontam-se elementos relevantes para a luta antirracista no contexto escolar.
Este artículo fue basado en una investigación de Doctorado, centrada en la evaluación de las prácticas pedagógicas otorgada por el 4o Premio Educar para la Igualdad Racial, idealizado por el Centro de Estudos das Relações de Trabalho e Desigualdades (Centro de Estudios de las Relaciones de Trabajo y Desigualdades). El objetivo es analizar las prácticas pedagógicas realizadas por las profesoras ganadoras de la 4ª edición de este Premio, con el fin de demostrar los elementos presentes en la elaboración de acciones pedagógicas frente a la complejidad del racismo en la sociedad brasileña. Para ello, se demuestra la trayectoria del Movimiento Negro Educador en la creación de la Ley No 10.639/2003, así como se tematizan sus desdoblamientos y sus desafíos en la perspectiva de la educación emancipadora. Por último, se apuntan elementos relevantes para la lucha antirracista en el contexto escolar.
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