Wongprom J, Maneeanakekul S, Tara A, Chandaeng W, Duangnamon D, Rueangket A, Wechakit D, Wanthongchai P, Maknual C. 2023. Vegetation structure and carbon stock of restored mangrove on abandoned ...shrimp pond in the International Mangrove Botanical Garden Rama IX, Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 5821-5830. The conversion of mangrove forest into shrimp aquaculture has severely impacted biodiversity and increased carbon emissions. Restoration program is thus urgently needed for such mangrove forests. In this study, we investigated the vegetation structure and composition, and biomass and carbon stock of restored mangrove on abandoned shrimp pond. Observation plots at restoration sites with age of 3-year-old (MF3) and 14-year-old (MF14) were established in the International Mangrove Botanical Garden Rama IX, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand and at abandoned shrimp pond (ASP) and protected mangrove forest (PMF) as reference sites. The diameters and heights of mangrove species were measured and identified in order to determine the vegetation structure, composition, biomass, and carbon stock. Soil samples from four soil depths, i.e. 0-15, 15-30, 30-50, and 50-100 cm, were collected to quantify the soil carbon stock. The results showed the good growth of Rhizophora stand planted at the restored sites with high vegetation biomass and carbon stock. This species also promoted species diversity, suggesting that Rhizophora spp. are suitable species for the restoration of abandoned shrimp pond. The vegetation biomass and carbon stock of MF14 (230.99 t ha-1 and 102.54 t C ha-1, respectively) was higher than that of PMF (133.84 t ha-1 and 64.94 t C ha-1, respectively). Higher vegetation and soil carbon stocks of the restored mangrove forest was positively influenced by the Rhizophora stand. However, the ecosystem carbon pool of PMF was higher (366.38 t C ha-1). This result indicates that the conservation of mangrove forest is significant to maintain the forest diversity, ecosystem function, and reducing carbon emissions, while mangrove forest restoration is essential to improve the vegetation structure and increase the soil and vegetation carbon stocks.
A pesar de su abarcadora influencia, La ciudad letrada de Ángel Rama (1984) ha sido sometida en los últimos años a una intensa crítica que ha cuestionado la relación demasiado unívoca que el ...argumento planteaba entre escritura y poder, así como su exclusión de las formas de alfabetización indígena, mestiza y afrodescendiente. El presente trabajo parte de estos debates para, revisando la obra crítica y los epistolarios de Rama, ofrecer una nueva genealogía intelectual del concepto que daba título al libro póstumo. En particular, se rescata el ensayo de 1980 donde Rama se refirió por primera vez a la ciudad letrada, titulado “La señal de Jonás sobre el pueblo mexicano”. La relectura del libro en diálogo con este trabajo previo nos permitirá ver que la idea de ciudad letrada no aspiraba a describir la totalidad de la realidad cultural de la América colonial, sino uno de los polos que la tensionan, uno de los lados de un conflicto cultural. “La señal de Jonás” ofrece una visión significativamente diferente de la ciudad colonial, donde la fuerza cultural de una plebe urbana y multirracial desafía los muros de la ciudad letrada y alcanza a penetrar la práctica intelectual de algunos de sus guardianes. Frente al pesimismo de La ciudad letrada, late en “La señal de Jonás” un utopismo similar al de Transculturación narrativa en América Latina respecto a las potencialidades políticas y estéticas de esa cultura urbana popular de raigambre colonial.
Climate change is likely to increase both the extent of seasonal weather variation and the magnitude of extreme weather events. The food security of those living in poorer countries and in poorer ...communities will be disproportionately affected by this change in weather patterns. We explored how the heterogeneity that exists within the Rama Indigenous community (Nicaragua) interacts with seasonal weather variation and extreme weather events to adversely affect food-system resilience. Firstly, we show that there are different levels of food system resilience between the Rama who fish using the traditional methods of hand nets and paddle-powered canoes, and those that can afford gill nets and motorboats. Secondly, there are significant differences in the way Rama farmers respond to threats to their food security: some rely on short-term resilience-based strategies, whereas others focus on more transitional responses. These differences contribute to short-term inequalities in food security and are also likely to have a differential impact on the future food-system resilience of the Rama community. More research at the household scale is vital for understanding how to improve food-system resilience for the most vulnerable populations without introducing policies that are unsustainable and/or curtail future options.
Les événements biographiques semblent souvent motiver les œuvres de Carol Rama (1918-2015). Les bandes en caoutchouc utilisées pour la série des Gommes (1970) sont par exemple présentées comme les ...chambres à air d’anciens pneus de bicyclette, provenant de l’usine paternelle. Si ces bandes en caoutchouc ont pu susciter un certain intérêt, c’était généralement pour les étudier du point de vue de la vie passée de Rama, en les ramenant à la tragédie familiale du suicide de son père. Mais en dépassant une telle approche biographique, quittant alors la vie de l’artiste pour suivre la trajectoire historique des bandes en caoutchouc (usage et fonction ordinaires du pneu, emploi comme matériau artistique), il devient possible de soulever de nouvelles hypothèses pour lire l’œuvre autrement. D’abord, si l’origine marchande de l’objet nous ouvre à son caractère périssable, l’état usé du pneu nous renseigne aussi sur le choix de l’artiste à l’intégrer dans son œuvre, elle qui aime « les choses qui font vécu » (Vergine, 1985). En l’arrachant à son statut de marchandise inutilisable, le geste créatif confère au déchet une sorte de nouvelle mémoire, comme une seconde vie qui le rendrait du même coup autonome. De même, le processus de vieillissement du pneu, mis au premier plan dans la série, pourrait ironiquement pointer la courte vie des objets de la société bourgeoise dont Rama était issue, et simultanément indiquer l’obsolescence du support lui-même car l’objet remplace la peinture. De plus, les Gommes sauraient contenir « la crise du tableau comme institution normale à la peinture de notre passé » (Sanguineti, 1994). Prendre au sérieux les facteurs multiples qui contribuent à tracer la vie de ces bandes en caoutchouc permettrait de réfléchir aux dimensions interprétatives de l’art à partir de la biographie des matériaux et non seulement de celle de l’artiste.
Biographical events often seemed to motivate the works of Carol Rama (1918–2015). The rubber strips used in the Rubbers series (1970) are, for example, presented as the inner tubes of old bicycle tyres from her father’s factory. If these rubber strips have aroused any interest, it has generally been to study them from the point of view of Rama’s past, by bringing them back to the family tragedy of her father’s suicide. But if we move beyond this biographical approach, leaving behind the life of the artist to follow the historical trajectory of rubber strips (the ordinary use and function of the tyre, its use as an artistic material), it becomes possible to raise new hypotheses for reading the work in a different way. First, while the commercial origin of the object points to its perishable nature, the worn state of the tyre also tells us something about the artist’s choice to incorporate it into her work, as someone who loves “things that make a living” (Vergine, 1985). By stripping it of its status as an unusable commodity, the creative gesture gives the waste a kind of new memory, like a second life that makes it autonomous. Similarly, the ageing process of the tyre, which features prominently in the series, could ironically point to the short life of the objects of the bourgeois society from which Rama came, and simultaneously indicate the obsolescence of the medium itself, as the object replaces paint. Moreover, the Rubbers could contain “the crisis of the painting as a normal institution in the painting of our past” (Sanguineti, 1994). Taking seriously the multiple factors that contribute to tracing the life of these rubber strips would allow us to reflect on the interpretative dimensions of art based on the biography of the materials and not just that of the artist.
is a commonly applied host for the industrial production of amino acids. While valued for its robustness, it is somewhat inferior to competing strains such as
because of the relatively low growth ...rate of 0.40 h
in synthetic, industrial media. Accordingly, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments were performed in continuous cultivation mode to select for a growth-improved host. To ensure industrial attractiveness, this ALE study aimed at a reduction of dependency on costly growth-boosting additives such as protocatechuate (PCA) or complex media supplements. Consequently, double selection pressures were installed consisting of a steady increase in growth rate demands and a parallel reduction of complex medium fractions. Selection yielded
EVO5 achieving 0.54 h
and 1.03 g
g
h
in minimal medium without abovementioned supplements. Sequencing revealed 10 prominent mutations, three of them in key regulator genes.
Latin America is witnessing a revival in the literary production of indigenous languages, yet contemporary indigenous writers must often negotiate between different cultural understandings of what ...literature should be. The purpose of this article is to take one bilingual poem, composed in Yucatec Maya and Spanish, as a case study of the writerly conflict between the Maya paradigm of ts’íib and the ‘Western’ ideal of the letrado. The poem, written by Javier Abelardo Gómez Navarrete (1942–2018), is entitled ‘K’u’uk’um kaan’ in its Yucatec version and ‘Serpiente de regio plumaje’ in its version in Spanish. Through linguistic and hermeneutic analysis of key extracts, the article argues that Gómez Navarrete’s poem can be read as an exploration of what it means to be a Maya writer in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, in terms of the antagonistic yet mutually constitutive relationship between the categories of ts’íib and the letrado.
La agricultura en Colombia y particularmente en el municipio de Aquitania- Boyacá, se caracteriza por ser de micro y minifundios. Para el caso de la cebolla de rama cultivada en este municipio, ...existen unas condiciones particulares que muestran falta de asociación para desarrollar acciones colectivas. El presente estudio, pretende revisar la formación de capital social en estos productores para reconocer si han creado beneficios, a través de las acciones colectivas de solidaridad y confianza en la comunidad. El enfoque metodológico es mixto, por un lado, se aplica un cuestionario a un grupo de 96 productores y se analizan las respuestas de 36 de ellos, los cuales pertenecen a alguna asociación. En segundo lugar, para el enfoque cualitativo, se realiza observación no participante y entrevistas a miembros de dichos colectivos. Se encuentra que existe una participación muy baja de los productores y una resistencia frente a las acciones grupales y sus posibles resultados, pues solamente se reúnen en torno a actividades en el corto plazo sin una visión duradera. Se concluye que en la actualidad no existe una motivación clara por parte de los productores de participar en un grupo de cooperación, lo cual sin duda no los deja crecer como sector.
This article describes some of the issues that arose during the author’s experience of translating the Malay Hikayat Seri Rama into English, as a literary rather than a philological text. These ...include the choice of a source text, the nature of the language used in the translation, and the treatment of the most distinctive features of the text, including its focus on Rawana, its setting in a Muslim narrative frame, and its use of the worldview of a medieval Malay court. Linguistic issues are discussed through reference to the concept of “units of translation”. This practice can also be utilized in an expanded sense to refer to larger textual units such as sentences, paragraphs, chapters, and parts of the whole text. Finally, a few recurring stylistic issues are noted, such as the use of a repetitive vocabulary, the use of kinship terms for non-kin, and a small number of places where there are no adequate English equivalents for particular words. The article concludes by suggesting that the approaches of the philologist and the literary translator are sometimes antagonistic but can be mutually beneficial.
Several genetic regulators belonging to AraC family are involved in the emergence of MDR isolates of E. aerogenes due to alterations in membrane permeability. Compared with the genetic regulator Mar, ...RamA may be more relevant towards the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Focusing on the global regulators, Mar and Ram, we compared the amino acid sequences of the Ram repressor in 59 clinical isolates and laboratory strains of E. aerogenes. Sequence types were associated with their corresponding multi-drug resistance phenotypes and membrane protein expression profiles using MIC and immunoblot assays. Quantitative gene expression analysis of the different regulators and their targets (porins and efflux pump components) were performed.
In the majority of the MDR isolates tested, ramR and a region upstream of ramA were mutated but marR or marA were unchanged. Expression and cloning experiments highlighted the involvement of the ram locus in the modification of membrane permeability. Overexpression of RamA lead to decreased porin production and increased expression of efflux pump components, whereas overexpression of RamR had the opposite effects.
Mutations or deletions in ramR, leading to the overexpression of RamA predominated in clinical MDR E. aerogenes isolates and were associated with a higher-level of expression of efflux pump components. It was hypothesised that mutations in ramR, and the self-regulating region proximal to ramA, probably altered the binding properties of the RamR repressor; thereby producing the MDR phenotype. Consequently, mutability of RamR may play a key role in predisposing E. aerogenes towards the emergence of a MDR phenotype.
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