ObjectiveTo provide basic data and reference for the formulation of local standards in Beijing and relevant risk monitoring and evaluation， detailed information of the types， raw materials， and ...products of local characteristic food in Beijing were comprehensively examined.MethodsBig data mining software and field surveys were conducted to investigate the characteristic food and raw food materials in Beijing.ResultsEighty-six types of common edible wild vegetables were identified in Beijing. The top five were Hemerocallis citrina Baroni， Toona sinensis， Capsella bursa-pastoris， Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz， and Koelreuteria paniculata， but only Hemerocallis citrina Baroni and Toona sinensis were in bulk circulation. The most commonly used characteristic raw materials of Toona sinensis， Macrobranchium nipponense， Chinese prickly ash sprouts， Oncorhynchus mykiss， Cortinellus edudes and so on were identified in 1 760 agritainments in Beijing. Beijing has issued 88 local standards related to food and raw materi
Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves (MOLLs) are recognised as new raw food material with various nutritional factors and phytochemical components. In recent years, a large number of studies have been ...conducted on deciphering the chemical composition and biological functions of MOLLs. However, the research data on MOLLs are scattered, and the future application trends are not summarised.
In this review, we recapitulate the nutritional and phytochemical components of MOLLs, including their nutritional components, biological factors, and functional benefits, while emphasising the safety and application of MOLLs as a new raw food material.
Currently, research has been focused on establishing MOLLs as novel raw food material. MOLLs constitute a variety of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic, flavonoids, protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals. These bioactive compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. As a promising and economic Chinese herbal medicine and functional food, MOLLs is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. We mainly focus on summarising the findings about the nutritional components, chemical substances, and functional activities of MOLLs and discuss the practical applications of MOLLs as a new raw food material in the food and agriculture industries. Furthermore, this review provides an innovative approach for the application of MOLLs in the food industry and agriculture, discusses the current developments and problems of deep processing products of MOLLs, and provides insights into the future sustainable development options of MOLLs industries.
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•The nutritional composition, functional factors, and biological activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves are summarised and discussed.•The multi-faceted applications of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves in food and agriculture industries are summarised and compared.•The future trends and knowledge gaps of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves are proposed.
Objectives
Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect cats and has proven zoonotic risks for owners. Infected cats typically present with a history of outdoor ...lifestyle and hunting behaviour, and cutaneous granulomas are most commonly observed. The aim of this study is to describe an outbreak of tuberculous disease commencing with six young cats, living exclusively indoors in five different households across England, being presented to separate veterinarians across the UK with a variety of clinical signs.
Methods
Investigations into the pyogranulomatous lesions, lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary disease of these cases consistently identified infection with M bovis. Infection was confirmed by PCR, where possible, or was indicated with a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), where material for PCR was unavailable. In-contact, cohabiting cats were screened by IGRA and follow-up testing was undertaken/advised where results were positive. A lifestyle investigation was undertaken to identify the source of infection.
Results
Six clinically sick cats and seven in-contact cats were identified with evidence of M bovis infection. Five clinical cases were either too sick to treat or deteriorated despite therapy, giving a mortality rate of 83%. Lifestyle investigations revealed the common factors between clusters to be that affected cats had mycobacterial infections speciated to M bovis, were exclusively indoor cats and were fed a commercially available raw food product produced by a single manufacturer. The Food Standards Agency, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Public Health England and the food manufacturer concerned have been notified/informed. Other possible sources of exposure for these cats to M bovis were explored and were excluded, including wildlife contact, access to raw milk, the presence of rodent populations inside the buildings in which the cats lived and exposure to known infectious humans.
Conclusions and relevance
Upon investigations, our results provide compelling, if circumstantial, evidence of an association between the commercial raw diet of these cats and their M bovis infections.
This study developed antimicrobial hydrogels to decrease the foodborne pathogen cell counts on raw food surfaces. Hydrogels 1 (5% sodium alginate +1% agar +0.2% calcium chloride (CaCl2) + 40% ...glycerol) and 4 (1% κ-carrageenan +1% xanthan +40% glycerol), loaded with 0.5% grapefruit-seed extract or 0.5% citrus extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (p < 0.05) within 1 min at 4 °C. However, hydrogel 1 was more effective than hydrogel 4 (p < 0.05) at reducing the foodborne pathogen cell counts. Hydrogel 1 reduced the Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli counts (on the surface of raw beef; by 1.8–2.8 log CFU/cm2) and the Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts (on the surface of sliced raw fish; by approximately 99%) within 1 min. No substantial changes were observed in the appearance or sensory qualities of the meat during this application. Therefore, hydrogel 1 demonstrated the potential to improve the safety of raw food without altering its sensory aspects.
For raw beef and fish consumption, non-thermal decontamination technologies are necessary. Thus, antimicrobial hydrogels were developed in this study with edible components. When the antimicrobial hydrogels were attached on the meat surface, foodborne pathogens were significantly reduced within 1 min. Therefore, the antimicrobial hydrogels could be used to improve the food safety for fresh meat consumed raw.
•Among hydrogels, antimicrobial hydrogels and 4 with antimicrobials showed the highest antimicrobial activities.•Antimicrobial hydrogel 1 reduced L monocytogenes, E. coli, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus cell counts by 96.8–99.8% on the raw meat surface within 1 min.•Antimicrobial hydrogel 1 caused no substantial changes in qualities for the raw meat samples.
Intestinal parasitic infections are still a crucial problem among communities in Northeast Thailand. Misuse of antiparasitic drugs and unhealthy food behaviors are known. This study aimed to explore ...the prevalence, behavioral health factors, and motivation for self-treatment of anti-parasitic drugs in this area. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Phra Lap sub-district, Mu Khon Kaen district, Khon Kaen province, Northeast Thailand, in 2016. A total of 419 participants were recruited to complete a self-administered questionnaire and stool examination. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the risk factor and parasitic infection. Forty-two participants (10%; 95%CI 7.5-13.3) were positive for at least one parasite species. In this community, the most detected intestinal parasite was Opisthorchis viverrini (5.3%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (3.1%). A total of 67.5% of the participants had the experience of anti-parasitic drug treatment within previous 1 year, and "Often eat raw food" was the most common reason for the use of anti-parasitic drugs. On multivariate analysis, parasitic infections were significantly associated with male gender (ORadj. 2.42; 95%CI 1.00-5.85), age 60 years (ORadj. 7.55; 95%CI 1.60-35.76), and often consuming raw food of at least one type (ORadj. 2.37; 95%CI 1.03-5.44). Given these findings, correction of the dietary habit of eating raw fish/meat, which is the most important measure, and limitation of the use of anthelmintic treatment for individuals with stools positive for ova as well as emphasis on sanitary toilets will be implemented for the prevention and control of parasitic infection in endemic communities.
Background
Blood donors are screened for medication use to determine their health status and to ensure that the collection will be safe and efficacious for transfusion. Although stringent medication ...deferral guidelines exist for human blood donors, no consensus exists as to which medications should be permitted among canine donors.
Methods
A brief survey regarding canine donor screening methods was distributed to an online hematology and transfusion medicine group and included questions pertaining to commonly prescribed medications and consumption of a raw food diet.
Key Findings
The survey results demonstrate that more than half of the respondents accept canine donors given thyroid supplements, whereas respondents were split as to whether they accept canine donors given antihistamines chronically. Most survey respondents exclude canine donors taking anti‐inflammatory or anti‐itch medications unless in acute circumstances and only after a washout period. More than half of the survey respondents exclude dogs fed a raw food diet.
Significance
The survey results demonstrate that there is no obvious agreement regarding which medications to permit in canine donors. Evidence‐based guidelines are needed to inform best practices and the subsequent decisions made by donor programs.
Development of an Indian Food Composition Database Vijayakumar, Aswathy; Dubasi, Hima Bindu; Awasthi, Ananya ...
Current developments in nutrition,
July 2024, 2024-07-00, Letnik:
8, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
An open-access and comprehensive nutrient database is not available in India. Our objective was to develop an open-access Indian Nutrient Databank (INDB). The development of the INDB consisted of 2 ...stages: creating a database of the nutrient composition data of individual food items (n = 1095) and a database of commonly consumed recipes (n = 1014). The stage 1 database was primarily derived from the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition’s Indian Food Composition Table (ICMR-NIN IFCT) from 2017, with gaps filled using the ICMR-NIN IFCT 2004 and nutrient databases from the United Kingdom and United States. The stage 2 database included information on the amounts of each ingredient used in each recipe, matched to a comparable item in the database from stage 1. This unique open-access resource can be used by researchers, the government, and the private and third sectors to derive nutrient intakes in India to better inform interventions and policies to address malnutrition.
Objective Visceral larva migrans (VLM) caused by Ascaris suum is a major health problem in pig farming regions. The clinical characteristics of pulmonary VLM caused by A. suum, however, are unclear. ...We assessed the clinico-radiologic features of this disease. Methods Medical records, including the results of chest radiography and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), were retrospectively reviewed from January 2000 through June 2019, at the University of Miyazaki Hospital and Kyoritsuiin Hospital in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Results Seven patients with VLM caused by A. suum were identified. All seven patients had a unique habit of consuming raw foods, such as organic vegetables, chicken, turkey, wild boar, and venison. All but one patient, who had eosinophilic pneumonia with a fever and severe fatigue, had only mild or no respiratory symptoms. All 7 patients had remarkable eosinophilia (median, 1960/μL) and high serum IgE levels (median, 1346 IU/mL). Chest HRCT revealed multiple nodules and multiple nodular ground-glass opacities in 57% and 29% of the patients, respectively. The pulmonary lesions were located predominantly in subpleural areas. All seven patients were treated with albendazole, which led to improvement within two to three months. Neither eggs nor parasites were detected in the feces or sputum of any patient. Conclusion Consumption of raw organic vegetables or raw meat is a possible route of A. suum infection. Infected patients exhibit mild respiratory symptoms, and multiple nodules with a halo in the subpleural area are a common finding on chest HRCT. Treatment with albendazole was effective in these cases.
Rapid characterization of metabolites and risk compounds such as chemical residues and natural toxins in raw food materials such as vegetables, meats, and edible living plants and animals plays an ...important part in ensuing food quality and safety. To rapidly characterize the analytes in raw food materials, it is essential to develop in situ method for directly analyzing raw food materials. In this work, raw food materials including biological tissues and living samples were placed between an electrode and mass spectrometric (MS) inlet under a strong electrostatic field; analytes were rapidly induced to generate electrospray ionization (ESI) from the sample tip by adding a drop of solvent onto the sample. Therefore, the electrostatic field–induced tip‐ESI‐MS allows raw samples to avoid contacting high voltage, and thus this method has the advantage for in vivo analysis of food living plants and animals. Metabolite profiling, residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, and natural toxins from raw food materials have been successfully detected. The analytical performances, including the linear ranges, sensitivity, and reproducibility, were investigated for direct sample analysis. The ionization mechanism of electrostatic field–induced tip‐ESI was also discussed in this work.
Abstract
Background
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. Meal replacement products containing raw and "superfood" ingredients have gained ...increasing popularity among consumers in recent years. In January 2016, we investigated a multistate outbreak of infections with a novel strain of Salmonella Virchow.
Methods
Cases were defined using molecular subtyping procedures. Commonly reported exposures were compared with responses from healthy people interviewed in the 2006-2007 FoodNet Population Survey. Firm inspections and product traceback and testing were performed.
Results
Thirty-five cases from 24 states were identified; 6 hospitalizations and no deaths were reported. Thirty-one of 33 (94%) ill people interviewed reported consuming a powdered supplement in the week before illness; of these, 30 (97%) reported consuming product A, a raw organic powdered shake product consumed as a meal replacement. Laboratory testing isolated the outbreak strain of Salmonella Virchow from leftover product A collected from ill people's homes, organic moringa leaf powder (an ingredient in product A), and finished product retained by the firm. Firm inspections at 3 facilities linked to product A production did not reveal contamination at the facilities. Traceback investigation identified that the contaminated moringa leaf powder was imported from South Africa.
Conclusions
This investigation identified a novel outbreak vehicle and highlighted the potential risk with similar products not intended to be cooked by consumers before consuming. The company issued a voluntary recall of all implicated products. As this product has a long shelf life, the recall likely prevented additional illnesses.
This investigation linked a multistate outbreak of Salmonella Virchow infections to a raw powdered meal replacement product. It highlights the complex nature of food safety and potential risks with similar products not intended to be cooked by consumers before consuming.
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