Human language is not the same as human speech. We use gestures and signs to communicate alongside, or instead of, speaking. Yet gestures and speech are processed in the same areas of the human ...brain, and the study of how both have evolved is central to research on the origins of human communication. Written by one of the pioneers of the field, this is the first book to explain how speech and gesture evolved together into a system that all humans possess. Nearly all theorizing about the origins of language either ignores gesture, views it as an add-on or supposes that language began in gesture and was later replaced by speech. David McNeill challenges the popular 'gesture-first' theory that language first emerged in a gesture-only form and proposes a groundbreaking theory of the evolution of language which explains how speech and gesture became unified.
In the general study of speech and phonetics, vowels have stood in second place to consonants. But what vowels are, how they differ from one another, how they vary among speakers, and how they are ...subject to disorder, are questions that require a closer examination.
This Handbook presents a comprehensive, cogent, and up-to-date analysis of the vowel, including its typical development in children's speech, description by perceptual and instrumental methods, cross-linguistic and sociolinguistic aspects, and disorders of its production and use. It approaches the problems of vowel production and perception from the viewpoints of physiology, physics, psychology, linguistics, phonetics, phonology, and speech-language pathology. The chapters are logically complementary, and the major sections of the book are like key dimensions of understanding, each adding a perspective and base of knowledge on vowels. The sum total of the chapters is a synthesis of information on vowels that has no precedent.
Na temelju toponomastickih i leksikografskih podataka od 13. stoljeca naovamo, analizira se položaj
jezicnih inacica ‘jalša’ i ‘joha’ (u znacenju ‘Alnus’; ‘Alnus glutinosa’) u hrvatskom jezicnom ...prostoru.
Toponomastickim potvrdama utvrdeno je da je sve do 17. stoljeca kao standardna prevladavala inacica
‘jalša’, koja je slijedom krupnih migracijskih promjena, a u vezi s turskim osvajanjima, potisnuta na krajnji
sjever i zapad Hrvatske. Kao posljedica toga, ‘joha’ je sasvim istisnula ‘jalšu’ iz rjecnika jezicnog
standarda, te ‘jalša’ danas opstaje jedino kao dijalektizam i zastarjeli izraz. Ovaj je slucaj obraden kao
primjer jezicnog razvoja pod utjecajem migracija. Istovremeno, mada ima i primjera da se stari toponimi
prilagodavaju pritisku jezicnih promjena, toponomastika uglavnom uspijeva konzervirati izvorne oblike, te
kao takva postaje vrijedan jezicni spomenik.
