The article studies definitions of genre that exist in mass readers’ minds and appear in their book reviews. While readers’ literary criticism and other forms of online-communication per se are now ...beginning to draw scientific interest, the problem of genre in fiction book reviews written by readers has been underinvestigated. Non-professional literary critics have a rather vague idea of literary genres that often lacks logic and does not comply with traditional hierarchy of genres. Readers try to fit the text they have read into a genre system they understand, but if it does not fit they create or coin a new genre definition that reflects their own understanding of the text, how they define its subject matter and what the text made them think about. In the minds of novice readers genre definition is closely related to the plot and their personal opinion of the book. Genre criteria analysis is often overlooked or seems arbitrary, oftentimes readers use the first genre definition that comes to their minds, i.e. a socially-agreed-upon definition, a convenient definition, a general definition, or a definition that has been widely used lately (for example, in the movie or book advertisements). Using their own reading experience, reviewers create their own reader’s glossary, in which literary movement is intertwined with their own estimation of the book quality, stylistic devices are mixed up with the author’s individual writing style, and reader’s emotional response becomes a genre criterion.
Message From the Incoming Editor-in-Chief Shirmohammadi, Shervin
IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement,
2016-Dec., 2016-12-00, 20161201, Letnik:
65, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Dear readers, I am honored to introduce myself as the incoming Editor-in-Chief (EIC) of the IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement (TIM). When Alessandro told me that the IEEE ...Instrumentation and Measurement Society's (IMS) Administrative Committee (AdCom) is considering to appoint me as the next EIC, and asked if I am ready and willing to accept the position, I accepted with little hesitation. As a TIM Associate Editor since 2010, as well as Associate EIC in 2013 and 2016, I have become quite passionate with the vision that Reza and Alessandro have implemented for TIM in their respective terms as EIC, and the amazing improvements that TIM has experienced during those two terms. I can only hope to be able to continue that vision and contribute to TIM's further improvement.
From the end of the thirteenth century to the first decades of the sixteenth century, Guyart des Moulins’s Bible historiale was the predominant French translation of the Bible. Enhancing his ...translation with techniques borrowed from scholastic study, vernacular preaching, and secular fiction, Guyart produced one of the most popular, most widely copied French-language texts of the later Middle Ages.
Making the Bible French investigates how Guyart’s first-person authorial voice narrates translation choices in terms of anticipated reader reactions and frames the biblical text as an object of dialogue with his readers. It examines the translator’s narrative strategies to aid readers’ visualization of biblical stories, to encourage their identification with its characters, and to practice patient, self-reflexive reading. Finally, it traces how the Bible historiale manuscript tradition adapts and individualizes the Bible for each new intended reader, defying modern print-based and text-centred ideas about the Bible, canonicity, and translation.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) present some advantages, such as simple preparation, light weight, low cost and large-area flexible fabrication, and have attracted much attention in recent years. Although ...the power conversion efficiencies have exceeded 10%, the inferior device stability still remains a great challenge. In this review, we summarize the factors limiting the stability of OSCs, such as metastable morphology, diffusion of electrodes and buffer layers, oxygen and water, irradiation, heating and mechanical stress, and survey recent progress in strategies to increase the stability of OSCs, such as material design, device engineering of active layers, employing inverted geometry, optimizing buffer layers, using stable electrodes and encapsulation. Some research areas of device stability that may deserve further attention are also discussed to help readers understand the challenges and opportunities in achieving high efficiency and high stability of OSCs towards future industrial manufacture.
This review highlights the factors limiting the stability of organic solar cells and recent developments in strategies to increase the stability of organic solar cells.
In 1957, Richard Altick's groundbreaking work The English Common Reader transformed the study of book history. Putting readers at the centre of literary culture, Altick anticipated-and helped ...produce-fifty years of scholarly inquiry into the ways and means by which the Victorians read. Now, A Return to the Common Reader asks what Altick's concept of the 'common reader' actually means in the wake of a half-century of research. Digging deep into unusual and eclectic archives and hitherto-overlooked sources, its authors give new understanding to the masses of newly literate readers who picked up books in the Victorian period. They find readers in prisons, in the barracks, and around the world, and they remind us of the power of those forgotten readers to find forbidden texts, shape new markets, and drive the production of new reading material across a century. Inspired and informed by Altick's seminal work, A Return to the Common Reader is a cutting-edge collection which dramatically reconfigures our understanding of the ordinary Victorian readers whose efforts and choices changed our literary culture forever.
Contents: Foreword; Preface; Introduction, Beth Palmer and Adelene Buckland; Part 1 Publishers, Authors, Critics, Readers: The advantage of fiction: the novel and the 'success' of the Victorian periodical, Laurel Brake; Dorothy's literature class: late-Victorian women autodidacts and penny fiction weeklies, Kate MacDonald; Ouida; how conceptions of the popular reader contributed to the making of a popular novelist, Jane Jordan; 'Those who idle over novels': Victorian critics and post-romantic readers, Debra Gettelman; 'Gossip' and 'twaddle': 19th-century common readers make sense of Jane Austen, Katie Halsey. Part 2 Scenes of Reading: Reading in gaol, Jenny Hartley; Attempts to (re)shape common reading habits: Bible reading on the 19th-century convict ship, Rosalind Crone; 'Quite incapable of appreciating books written for educated readers': the mid-19th-century British soldier, Sharon Murphy; 'A journey round the bookshelves': reading in the Royal Colonial Institute, Beth Palmer; Fiction and the Australian reading public, 1888-1914, Tim Dolin; Selected works cited; Index.
Beth Palmer is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Surrey, UK. Adelene Buckland is Lecturer in Literature at the University of East Anglia, UK.
Based on the critical analysis and creative synthesis of the existing approaches to conversing with readers in libraries, this article proposes a new three-pronged framework for facilitating the ...reading experience conversation. The reading experience conversation goes beyond supplying reading and other leisure suggestions to readers and seeks to understand the desired reading experience holistically. The framework proceeds from general to specific, starting with open-ended questions eliciting narrative information about the reader's history and the reading context; moves to exploring the type of story sought through factual contextualized questions; and ends with closed-ended or other concrete questions to narrow down a choice of possible titles, be it books, other reading matters, cinematic production, and so on. The changing library environment and the more informed reader frequenting the library call for a more strategic and sophisticated approach to discussing leisure and reading matters. By introducing the new framework, this article offers one possible way of helping librarians in all types of libraries to converse with readers more effectively.
Recent progress in many‐body localization Abanin, Dmitry A.; Papić, Zlatko
Annalen der Physik,
July 2017, 2017-07-00, 20170701, Letnik:
529, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article is a brief introduction to the rapidly evolving field of many‐body localization. Rather than giving an in‐depth review of the subject, our aspiration here is simply to introduce the ...problem and its general context, outlining a few directions where notable progress has been achieved in recent years. We hope that this will prepare the readers for the more specialized articles appearing in this dedicated Volume of Annalen der Physik, where these developments are discussed in more detail.
Many‐body localization can occur in isolated, interacting quantum systems with strong quenched disorder. Many‐body localized systems are different from the more common ergodic systems in that they fail to reach thermal equilibrium at long times. Instead, these systems are characterized by the absence of transport, similar to non‐interacting Anderson insulators, and have novel dynamical and entanglement properties. This article is a brief overview of the recent theoretical and experimental progress in this active field of research featured in this special volume of Annalen der Physik.
PDF
