n agar-hydrolyzing marine bacterium, strain GNUM08120, was isolated from Sargassum fulvellum collected from Yeongil bay of East Sea of Korea. The isolate was Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with ...single polar flagellum, and grew at 1-10% NaCl, pH 5.0-8.0, and 15-37℃. G+C content and the predominant respiratory quinone were 46.13 mol% and Q-8, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 3 (24.5%), C₁₆﹕₀ (21.7%), and C₁₈﹕₁ω7c (12.5%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, strain GNUM08120 was identified as a novel subspecies of Alteromonas macleodii, designated Alteromonas macleodii subsp. GNUM08120. Production of agarase by strain GNUM08120 was likely repressed by the effect of carbon catabolite repression caused by glucose. The crude agarase prepared from 12-h culture broth of strain GNUM08120 exhibited an optimum pH and temperature for agarase activity at 7.0 and 40℃, respectively. The crude enzyme produced (neo)agarobiose, (neo)agarotetraose, and (neo)agarohexaose as the hydrolyzed product of agarose.
Algae are a group of organisms, Thallophytes, containing specific bioactive compounds (i.e. brominated phenols, heterocyclic oxygen compounds, sterols, terpenes, polysaccharides). Their excessive ...growth has negative consequences on marine organisms; on the other hand, they have a crucial role in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture. In this paper were studied the main physical-chemical characteristics correlated with the biological specificity of three species of multicellular algae, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ulva rigida (green), Ceramium rubrum (red), frequently encountered along the Romanian Black Sea coast. Generally mixtures of thallophytes algae from the Black Sea were collected, processed and characterized. Density, pH, conductivity, anions, loss on drying, ash, total nitrogen, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, carotenoids were determined. The results emphasized the possibility of using these marine resources as biofertilizer in agriculture.
The aim of this study was to survey the content of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in macroalgae from southern Chile. During the summer 2001–2002, 13 red algal species were collected from the ...intertidal zone at two sites. All species studied contained various MAA compounds. The concentrations of MAAs in Porphyra columbina were high (7.2–10.6 mg g−1 dw). The second highest MAA concentrations were detected in Gelidium sp. (2.2–6.8 mg g−1 dw), followed by Mazzaella laminarioides (2.1–4.8 mg g−1 dw) and Grateloupia doryphora (3.5–4.4 mg g−1 dw). Six different MAAs (mycosporineglycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, palythine, asterina-330, palythinol) were identified, shinorine being the most common and present in all algae. The two-week period of this study was characterized by high solar irradiance (average daily maxima of UV-B 2.0 W m−2, UV-A 63 W m−2, photosynthetically active radiation wPARx 2263 μmol m−2 s−1 on clear days), which may well explain the high levels of MAAs in these algae. These results are in agreement with others demonstrating the presence of MAAs in various red macroalgae from the eulittoral zone, concentrations generally being higher in geographical locations with high intensities of solar irradiation, which suggests their role as a photoprotective mechanism particularly in this group of algae.
Algae Cosmetics Michalak, Izabela; Dmytryk, Agnieszka; Chojnacka, Katarzyna
Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology,
08/2020
Book Chapter
Extracts of algae and their products are the components of cosmetics or cosmeceuticals. The active ingredients extracted from algal biomass can be used in three ways: as additives; as stabilization ...and preservation of the product; and as the compounds that fulfil a real cosmetic function and activity. The most frequently used extracts in cosmetic formulations are derived from: brown macroalgae, green macroalgae, and red macroalgae. Microalgae can be cultivated in artificial batches, fed‐batches and continuous modes. Nowadays, biotechnology techniques enable the production of high‐quality algal cultures that are free of contaminants which is necessary in the cosmetic industry. This chapter presents biologically active compounds extracted from algae that can play a key role in cosmetic products. It describes some of the examples of their action on the skin. The chapter includes anti‐aging care, anti‐photoaging care, antioxidant and photoprotection, moisturizing and smoothing, whitening, and anti‐cellulite and slimming care.
Algae are a group of organisms, Thallophytes, containing specific bioactive compounds (i.e. brominated phenols, heterocyclic oxygen compounds, sterols, terpenes, polysaccharides). Their excessive ...growth has negative consequences on marine organisms; on the other hand, they have a crucial role in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture. In this paper were studied the main physical-chemical characteristics correlated with the biological specificity of three species of multicellular algae, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ulva rigida (green), Ceramium rubrum (red), frequently encountered along the Romanian Black Sea coast. Generally mixtures of thallophytes algae from the Black Sea were collected, processed and characterized. Density, pH, conductivity, anions, loss on drying, ash, total nitrogen, protein, lipids, carbohydrates, carotenoids were determined. The results emphasized the possibility of using these marine resources as biofertilizer in agriculture.
