(ANTI)STIGMA OF PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA ABSTRACT Dementia, as a progressive illness, represents health, familial, as well as a social risk. The symptoms are complex, and they manifest themselves on both ...the cognitive and the behavioral level. Therefore, the ill person cannot take care of themselves and the help of another person to meet their daily needs is required. A stigma called a „multidimensional concept“ is often connected with this illness, which carries with it the realization that the individual is different in some characteristics and as such deviates from socially acceptable norms. This paper provides an overview of stigma theories, describes the process of stigmatization and stigma management, as well as risk factors that contribute to the creation and maintenance of stigma towards people with dementia in society. Numerous stigma reduction programs are presented internationally with the aim of making people with dementia visible and valued in the same way as other members of the community. Key words: dementia; stigma; stigma reduction
Ileokolična invaginacija je uvlečenje končnega dela tankega črevesa v debelo črevo. Gre za pogost vzrok akutne trebušne bolečine in najpogostejši vzrok zapore črevesa pri otroku. Najpogosteje je ...idiopatska in se večinoma pojavi v prvih treh letih življenja. Predvsem pri starejših otrocih je vzrok invaginacije lahko tudi patološko vodilo. Glavni klinični znaki so krčevite bolečine v trebuhu, bruhanje in odvajanje krvave sluzi. Če invaginacija traja dalj časa, lahko pride do predrtja črevesa z razvojem peritonitisa in septičnega šoka, kar lahko povzroči otrokovo smrt. Hitra prepoznava in obravnava tega stanja sta zato ključnega pomena. Klinična slika pri ileokolični invaginaciji pogosto žal ni značilna, zato ima pomembno vlogo radiološka obravnava, ki je odločilna tako pri diagnosticiranju kot pri zdravljenju. Diagnostična metoda izbire je ultrazvočna preiskava. Metoda izbire za neinvazivno razreševanje je hidrostatsko razreševanje z ultrazvočnim nadzorom. Radiološko neinvazivno razreševanje je uspešno v približno 80 % primerov. Če neinvazivno radiološko zdravljenje ni uspešno, je potreben nujen kirurški poseg. V preglednem prispevku želimo temeljito predstaviti radiološko obravnavo ileokolične invaginacije pri otrocih.
Autor u radu istražuje razliku između transcendentalnog ega i transcendentalnog Ja u transcendentalno-fenomenološkoj egologiji. Ona će biti prikazana kroz ideje sadržaja ega i konkretizacije, ...dvostrukog bivanja ega za sebe, Ja „u” egu, konstitucije Ja za sâmo sebe, ega u transcendentalnoj intersubjektivnosti i fenomenologizirajućeg Ja kao subjekta redukcije, transcendentalnog posmatrača. Teza rada koja će biti zastupana jeste da se čisto-transcendentalno Ja mora pojmovno razlikovati od transcendentalnog ega, te da poseduje vlastiti eidos Ja koji ne može biti konkretizovan na način kako je to konkretni ego naspram eidos transcendentalnog ega.
Cilj je provedenoga istraživanja ispitati mogućnosti redukcije mineralnih dušičnih gnojiva primjenom slobodnih (Azotobacter chroococcum) i asocijativnih (Azospirillum brasilense) dušičnih bakterija u ...kulturi šećerne repe, uz zadržavanje visokih prinosa i kvalitete korijena. Uz povrće, najviše nitrata skupljaju vrste porodice Chenopodiaceae, kojoj pripada i šećerna repa. Dušik je prinosotvorni element, pa se u gnojidbi koristi u velikim količinama; međutim on je i najnestabilniji makroelement koji se ispire u dublje slojeve tla i vrlo često dolazi do eutrofikacije podzemnih voda. Brojne bolesti povezuju se s visokom količinom nitrata, nitrita i nitroznih spojeva podrijetlom iz hrane biljnoga izvora, vode i suhomesnatih proizvoda. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je moguće reducirati mineralnu gnojidbu dušikom primjenom nitrofiksirajućih bakterija, dapače s dobivanjem veće kvalitete istraživanih svojstava šećerne repe. Nitrofiksirajuće bakterije nastanile su rizosferu korijena i biljke su se mogle koristiti raspoloživim dušikom koji im u danome vegetacijskom periodu treba, što nije slučaj kod gnojidbe dušičnim gnojivima.
To efficiently extract nickel from low grade limonitic laterite ore, a separation method of iron-nickel alloy nugget by selfreduction of coal composite limonitic laterite ore briquette was ...investigated. In this investigation, in order to decrease the separation temperature of iron-nickel alloy nugget, the selective reduction by control of C/O ratio was introduced and reductant added in the briquette was inadequate for the reduction of nickel and iron. Nickel was preferentially reduced in the reduction process, while iron was partially reduced due to the lack of reductant. After reduction, a certain amount of FeO existed in the reduced product. This residual FeO had a great role in the formation of low melting point slag, which could promote the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget at relatively low temperature. In this investigation, the reduction experiments were all conducted at 1300?C. To evaluate the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget in the reduction process, we observed the patterns of reduced products under different C/O ratio, CaO addition ratio and holding time conditions. And then the effect of C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio on nickel content of nugget and nickel recovery ratio were investigated. The results showed that 0.7 of C/O ratio, 8% of CaO addition ratio and 40min of holding time were suitable for the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore. Nickel and iron content of the nugget and the nickel recovery ratio were 4.75%, 89.51% and 85%, respectively. Nuggets were easily separated from slag by crushing and screening. This separation method could be applied to any limonitic laterite ore by adjusting C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio.
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(Mo,W)Si2 composite powders with the grain size of about 1 ?m were synthesized at 1150? for 2 h. The high purity molybdenum concentrate (with the main component of MoS2), W and Si powders were ...utilized as raw materials and lime as desulfurizer. The graphite felt was laid between the compact (made of MoS2, W and Si) and the lime to facilitate the separation of the produced composite powders from desulfurization product. The phase composition, microstructure evolution, and residual sulfur content during the silicothermic reduction reaction were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the reaction could be completed after a reaction time of 1150? for 2 h, and the residual sulfur content of the product was 0.087 wt.%. It was concluded that the interactions between Si and the intermediate products of SiS and SiS2 are crucial for the preparationof (Mo,W)Si2 composite powders at low temperatures. The preparation process could be divided into three stages: solid state reactions between MoS2, W and Si to produce MoSi2, WSi2 and gaseous SiS; gas-solid reaction between MoS2, W and gaseous SiS to generate MoSi2, WSi2 and gaseous SiS2; and gas-solid reaction between gaseous SiS2 and Si to form SiS gas. With this short flow process, fine-grained (Mo,W)Si2 composite powders can be produced at low cost at low temperature, which has great application potential.
The article strives to show why one needs to discard the common conception of phenomenology, according to which phenomenology is a peculiar form of reflection that is grounded in the first-person ...point of view. Rather, an investigation can be identified as phenomenological in the Husserlian sense of the term if, and only if, it is based on three fundamental phenomenological principles, viz., epoché, phenomenological reduction and eidetic variation. These principles must be conceived as three irreplaceable phenomenological principles that make up the basis of pure phenomenology. These three principles are necessary, yet they are not sufficient: they must be supplemented with the principle of factual variation. The article argues that the incorporation of the principle of factual variation into the field of phenomenological research transforms pure phenomenology into dialogical phenomenology.
Suvokimo fenomenologija Merleau-Ponty, Maurice
Problemos,
09/2014, Letnik:
25
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Publikuojama prancūzų fenomenologo M. Merleau-Ponty veikalo „Suvokimo fenomenologija“ ištrauka. Joje pateikiamas fenomenologijos statuso apibūdinimas, komentuojamos E. Husserlio plėtotos redukcijos, ...esmių, intencionalumo sąvokos, sąmonės, racionalumo samprata. Fenomenologija – tai esmių tyrinėjimas, ir visos problemos, fenomenologų požiūriu, išsprendžiamos apibrėžus esmes, pvz., suvokimo, sąmonės esmę. Transcendentalinė filosofija susilaiko nuo natūraliosios nuostatos teiginių, jai būdingas siekimas būti griežtu mokslu, bet kartu ji yra ataskaita už erdvę, laiką, gyvenamąjį pasaulį. Visas mūsų žinojimas apie pasaulį, įskaitant net mokslo žinias, remiasi mano požiūriu ir pasaulio patyrimu, be kurio mokslo simboliai negalėtų nieko pasakyti. Suvokimas nepateikia žinių apie pasaulį, jis yra visų aktų susidarymo ir egzistavimo pagrindas. Redukcija yra aiškios, prasmingos medžiagos suvokimas, aktyvi prasmės suteikimo operacija. Be aktų intencionalumo, skiriamaas funkcionuojantis intencionalumas, kuris nustato natūralų ir ikipredikatyvų pasaulio bei mūsų gyvenimo vienumą ir pasireiškia mūsų noruose, vertinimuose, gamtovaizdyje aiškiau nei objektyviame pažinime.
Lead blast furnace slag (LBFS) generated during lead smelting is a hazardous solid waste containing potentially toxic elements (Pb, Zn, As, and Cd) with high mobility and solubility. In this study, a ...process for the utilization of LBFS by carbothermic reduction-magnetic separation method is proposed. Leaching toxicity and Tessier sequential extraction experiments were conducted on LBFS and magnetic separation tailings (TS), and the environmental risk was evaluated using the risk assessment coding index and potential ecological risk index. The obtained results showed that the potentially toxic elements in the TS were solidified in the spinel phase or silicate phase. In addition, the XRD, SEM-EDS, and FTIR results showed the formation of PbCa2Si3O9, ZnAl2O4, and Ca3(AsO4)2 phases. The leaching concentrations of Pb, Zn, As, and Cd in TS were much lower than the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and China standard leaching test (CSLT) limits. The results of Tessier sequential extraction procedure confirmed that the proportions of the stable residual state of the potentially toxic elements in TS were significantly higher than in LBFS. Furthermore, the ecological environmental risk level for the TS decreased significantly compared to that of LBFS.
As Australia is the main iron ore importing country for China, the abundant mineral resources of Australia are the primary raw materials for the sintering process. To better understand the properties ...of different iron ores from Australia and then guide the sintering process, this study selected four types of Australian ore and one type of domestic ore, and their properties were investigated under different conditions. The experiment of single iron ore sintering was studied to examine the influence of different iron ores on the metallurgical properties of sinter. From this study, the following results were obtained: GG showed poor fluidity and higher assimilability temperature, but the bonding phase strength was the highest; YD showed better fluidity and lower assimilability temperature, whereas SJY (domestic ore) showed better fluidity and higher bonding phase strength, and lower assimilability temperature. The influence mechanism of iron ore on the fluidity was further analyzed by using SEM and ion theory of slag. With the increase SiO2 content of iron ore, the fluidity index increased, the main reason was that the amount of liquid phase increased and the melting point decreased during the sintering. However, an excessive amount of SiO2 caused the decrease of fluidity index of iron ore; the main reason was that the fluidity of the liquid phase itself decreased and secondary hematite appeared. In the case of the higher SiO2 content of iron ore, the main bonding phase was calcium silicate. With the decrease of SiO2 content, the calcium silicate transformed into calcium ferrite. The main reason for this was that the Gibbs free energy of calcium ferrite and dicalcium ferrite (2CaO?SiO2) was higher than that of calcium silicate in the temperature ranges of 400-1600 K. The reduction degree of YD was the highest in all the cases and that of GG was the lowest. Activation energies of 5.39, 3.14, 3.51, 4.47 and 2.92 kJ/mol were obtained for the reduction of GG, PB, BH, SJY, and YD, respectively. In all the cases, the reaction corresponded to the model function of F1(?), and the integral form was -ln(1-?)=kt. Through this investigation, it could be concluded that the most appropriate ore category for sinter pot was YD.
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