The article investigates the reasons that led the Bolsheviks to grant autonomous status to South Ossetia in 1922. The conflict between Ossetians and Georgians during the civil war started as a social ...dispute but rapidly turned into an ethnic confrontation. The Ossetians turned to the Bolsheviks for support, but by 1920 they were defeated and largely expelled from their territory. After the Sovietisation of the region in 1921 the Bolsheviks needed to solve the conflict: the solution adopted was to grant autonomous status. This was not-as is often believed-the result of a divide et impera policy but an attempt at conflict resolution that in the long run satisfied neither side.
This article examines the rise of anti-American nationalism in Turkey. While Turkish public opinion has developed strong views against a set of foreign policies furthered by the United States, recent ...findings allude to the development of an emerging anti-US bias in large segments of
Turkish society. The deterioration of the US image in Turkey could be considered a result of the recent US involvement in the Middle East, as well as socio-political shifts inherent to Turkey's democratization process.
China's Anti-encirclement Struggle Garver, John W.; Wang, Fei-Ling
Asian security (Philadelphia, Pa.),
09/2010, Letnik:
6, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Confronted during the first decade of the twenty-first century with the rapidly burgeoning US-Indian security partnership and then by the emergence of the India-Japan security relationship, Beijing ...struggled to respond. After initially attempting to court India away from a too-close partnership with the United States in the first half of the decade, Beijing shifted to a more coercive approach around the end of 2005. One key mechanism used to pressure India was psychological war waged via the Internet raising the possibility of another Sino-Indian war. As China shifted from a soft to a hard-line approach toward India, policy toward Japan was moving in the opposite direction. After keeping relations with Japan in the freezer during the early part of the decade, around 2006, Beijing shifted gear and adopted a much more conciliatory approach. The authors hypothesize that these simultaneous shifts in Sino-Indian and Sino-Japanese relations were not coincidence but predicated instead on an understanding that simultaneous efforts to pressure Japan and India could drive those countries further together.
This article demonstrates how Tokyo has been exercising economic power in the multilateral talks on North Korea, including over the U.S. The implication is that Japanese foreign and security policy ...can be regarded as 'normal' already)hence forming a critique of ideas of 'normalization' that are preconditioned on remilitarization.
Australia's profile as one of Washington's leading allies in the Asia Pacific has grown due to the Obama Administration's rebalancing strategy. While New Zealand is both unable and unwilling to match ...the intensity of its neighbour's relationship with the world's leading power, its own strategic ties with Washington have strengthened considerably in recent times. While Australia's alliance with the United States may raise future challenges vis-à-vis its increasingly important relationship with a rising China, New Zealand also has a balancing act to maintain, not least because of its close economic ties with the People's Republic. In different ways both Australia and New Zealand may currently be reducing their room for maneouver if and when the contest between the United States and China becomes more severe. The risks may be higher for Australia because the same strategic geography that gives it renewed prominence may also increase its exposure to competition and conflict in Asia, and because its own military rebalancing towards the north and west of the continent is occurring just as its defence budget has been significantly cut. For New Zealand, while those direct risks may be smaller, staying on Canberra's radar screen will become harder. Indeed as they each look towards their own relationships with the major powers, Australia and New Zealand may need to work even harder to sustain their own bilateral alliance relationship.
The 2010 Strategic Concept reaches an equilibrium among different Allies' views by rejecting extreme options, combining 'regional' and 'global' elements in a new common ground, and setting up ...flexible guidelines for NATO's future evolution. It is the result of 20 years of transatlantic debate over NATO's role and geographic reach, and represents a significant step forward with respect to the previous Strategic Concept approved in 1999.
In the years following the end of the Cold War and the apparent abundance of secure energy supplies from the territory of the former Soviet Union, energy supply almost completely vanished from ...European governments' high politics agendas. However in the early 2000s, energy climbed again to the top of the agenda in Europe and beyond. Now, energy supply is generally being discussed as a "security" issue. The interruption of energy supplies from Russia to EU member states during the Russia-Ukraine gas disputes of 2006 and the Russia-Belarus oil dispute of 2007 fuelled discussions in the EU about a new "energy crisis", and the long-term security of energy supplies to Europe. Adapted from the source document.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Gearon discusses the strategic connection between Mali and Middle East. There is a strategic connection between Mali and the Middle East: The January 2013 attack by an al-Qaeda splinter group against ...the In Amenas gas plant in Algeria; the looting of Libyan arms in the summer of 2011; recruitment to violent extremist groups among refugees from the Western Sahara; trans-Saharan smuggling of drugs and other illicit trade; and the promulgation of radical Islamism across North, Saharan and Sahelian Africa, allegedly financed in part by backers from Gulf countries such as Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Adapted from the source document.
This article examines the impact of the spreading of Wahhabism (as one of the most militant religious teachings) on the escalation of international terrorism on European soil. It tries to point out ...potential hazards and propose possible measures to protect Western Europe from further penetration of this conservative Islamic movement through the Balkans. In order to elaborate the stated interdependency, this article includes our analysis of the phenomenon and spreading of Wahhabism throughout the Balkans, more concretely-on the territories of the Republic of Serbia, Montenegro, as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is precisely the region where Wahhabism has made its first step to "conquer" Europe.
Evaluation of the public consultation process on the revision of South Australia’s strategic plan – use of Pratchett’s framework principles of responsiveness and representativeness – deficiencies and ...tensions underpinning the consultation process – implications for strategic planning at the state level in Australia.
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