Physical inactivity is a major health risk worldwide. Observational studies suggest that higher education is positively related to physical activity, but it is not clear whether this relationship ...constitutes a causal effect. Using participants (N = 1651) drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study linked to nationwide administrative data from Statistics Finland, this study examined whether educational attainment, measured by years of education, is related to adulthood physical activity in terms of overall physical activity, weekly hours of intensive activity, total steps per day, and aerobic steps per day. We employed ordinary least squares (OLS) models and extended the analysis using an instrumental variables approach (Mendelian randomization, MR) with a genetic risk score as an instrument for years of education. Based on the MR results, it was found that years of education is positively related to physical activity. On average, one additional year of education leads to a 0.62‐unit higher overall physical activity (P < .01), 0.26 more hours of weekly intensive activity (P < .05), 560 more steps per day (P < .10), and 390 more aerobic steps per day (P < .09). The findings indicate that education may be a factor leading to higher leisure‐time physical activity and thus promoting global health.
Background
The incidence of atopic dermatitis, wheezing, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis has been increasing. Register‐based studies are essential for research in subpopulations with specific ...diseases and facilitate epidemiological studies to identify causes and evaluate interventions. Algorithms have been developed to identify children with atopic dermatitis, asthma or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis using register information on disease‐specific dispensed prescribed medication and hospital contacts, but the validity of the algorithms has not been evaluated. This study validated the algorithms vs gold standard deep telephone interviews with the caretaker about physician‐diagnosed atopic dermatitis, wheezing, asthma or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the child.
Methods
The algorithms defined each of the three atopic diseases using register‐based information on disease‐specific hospital contacts and/or filled prescriptions of disease‐specific medication. Confirmative answers to questions about physician‐diagnosed atopic disease were used as the gold standard for the comparison with the algorithms, resulting in sensitivities and specificities and 95% confidence intervals. The interviews with the caretaker of the included 454 Danish children born 1997‐2003 were carried out May‐September 2015; the mean age of the children at the time of the interview being 15.2 years (standard deviation 1.3 years).
Results
For the algorithm capturing children with atopic dermatitis, the sensitivity was 74.1% (95% confidence interval: 66.9%‐80.2%) and the specificity 73.0% (67.3%‐78.0%). For the algorithm capturing children with asthma, both the sensitivity of 84.1% (78.0%‐88.8%) and the specificity of 81.6% (76.5%‐85.8%) were high compared with physician‐diagnosed asthmatic bronchitis (recurrent wheezing). The sensitivity remained high when capturing physician‐diagnosed asthma: 83.3% (74.3%‐89.6%); however, the specificity declined to 66.0% (60.9%‐70.8%). For allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, the sensitivity was 84.4% (78.0‐89.2) and the specificity 81.6% (75.0‐84.4).
Conclusion
The algorithms are valid and valuable tools to identify children with atopic dermatitis, wheezing, asthma or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis on a population level using register data.
Aim:
Linking information on family members in the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) with information in Danish national registers provides unique possibilities for research on familial ...aggregation of diseases, health patterns, social factors and demography. However, the CRS is limited in the number of generations that it can identify. To allow more complete familial linkages, we introduce the lite Danish Multi-Generation Register (lite MGR) and the future full Danish MGR that is currently being developed.
Methods:
We generated the lite MGR by linking the current version of the CRS with historical versions stored by the Danish National Archives in the early 1970s, which contain familial links not saved in the current CRS. We describe and compare the completeness of familial links in the lite MGR and the current version of the CRS. We also describe planned procedures for generating the full MGR by linking the current CRS with scanned archived records from Parish Registers.
Results:
Among people born in Denmark in 1960 or later, the current CRS contains information on both parents. However, it has limited parental information for people born earlier. Among the 732,232 people born in Denmark during 1950–1959, 444,084 (60.65%) had information on both parents in the CRS. In the lite MGR, it was 560,594 (76.56%).
Conclusions:
The lite MGR offers more complete information on familial relationships than the current CRS. The lite and full MGR will offer an infrastructure tying together existing research infrastructures, registers and biobanks, raising their joint research value to an unparalleled level.
•The overall rate of early (<60 days) conversion to surgery in non-operatively treated proximal humeral fractures was low, 3.4 %.•The risk of early conversion to surgery was affected by fracture ...morphology (AO/OTA classification) and age of the patient.•Patients below 80 years old and patients with more complex fractures ran a higher risk of early conversion to surgery.•Routine follow-ups might be redundant in the majority of patients with non-operatively treated proximal humeral fractures.
The majority of all proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are treated non-surgically. Due to the risk of early secondary fracture displacement patients with non-surgically treated PHFs routinely undergo serial clinical and radiological evaluations. However, the value of these routine follow-up visits is unclear. This study aimed to examine the rate of early conversion to surgery in non-surgically treated PHFs. Moreover, the associations between patient and fracture characteristics and the risk of conversion to surgery were explored in order to assess the need for routine follow-ups.
Data on all patients aged ≥18 years with a non-surgically treated PHF registered between 2013 and 2021 were extracted from the Swedish Fracture Register. Early change of treatment from non-surgical to surgical is an optional treatment modality in the SFR. The rate of early conversion to surgery within 60 days from injury was analyzed in relation to age and sex of the patient, energy level at injury and fracture morphology according to the AO/OTA classification.
A total of 31,761 primarily non-surgically treated PHFs (mean age 70 years: 76 % female) were included in the study. The overall rate of early conversion to surgery was 3.7 %. Younger age and increasing fracture severity were associated with a higher conversion rate to surgery. Patients ≥80 years and those with the three most common fracture types (A1, A2, and B1) had <2 % early conversion to surgery. In contrast, patients with C-type fractures, unstable/displaced fractures (A3, B2, and C2), or fracture dislocations (A1.3, B3, and C3) had a substantially higher risk (5.0–20 %) of early conversion.
The overall risk of early conversion to surgery in non-surgically treated PHFs is low and can be further predicted based on patient age and fracture morphology. These results could have implications regarding which patients are in need of routine follow-ups.
Level II; Retrospective design; Prognosis study
The Danish Twin Registry: An Updated Overview Pedersen, Dorthe Almind; Larsen, Lisbeth Aagaard; Nygaard, Marianne ...
Twin research and human genetics,
12/2019, Letnik:
22, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Danish Twin Registry (DTR) was established in the 1950s, when twins born from 1870 to 1910 were ascertained, and has since been extended to include twins from birth cohorts until 2009. The DTR ...currently comprises of more than 175,000 twins from the 140 birth cohorts. This makes the DTR the oldest nationwide twin register and among the largest in the world. The combination of data from several surveys, including biological samples and repeated measurements on the same individuals, and data from Danish national registers provides a unique resource for a wide range of twin studies. This article provides an updated overview of the data in the DTR: First, we provide a summary of the establishment of the register, the different ascertainment methods and the twins included; then follows an overview of major surveys conducted in the DTR since 1994 and a description of the DTR biobank, including a description of the molecular data created so far; finally, a short description is given of the linkage to Danish national registers at Statistics Denmark and some recent examples of studies using the various data resources in the DTR are highlighted.
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