In Francia la mappa catastale delinea e identifica la proprietà a scopi fiscali. Questa rimane l’unica mappa parcellare su vasta scala a ricoprire l’intero territorio francese e ad essere ...continuamente aggiornata. Viene pubblicata ogni anno da tutti i comuni francesi e dal 2008 è disponibile gratuitamente sul sito web del catasto (www.cadastre.gouv.fr). Si tratta di un’iniziativa che ha riscosso notevole successo. La computerizzazione della mappa catastale, avviata nel 1993 dalla Direzione generale delle Imposte in collaborazione con le autorità locali, ha apportato continui e ulteriori miglioramenti alla correlazione tra il catasto e le informazioni contenute nei registri immobiliari, principio fondamentale dell’importante riforma del 1955 in materia di registrazione dei beni immobiliari. Oltre alla mappa catastale e alla computerizzazione di tutti i terreni (catastali e ipotecari), la documentazione ha reso più affidabile, flessibile ed economico il sistema ipotecario e catastale e ha contribuito a mantenere per 200 anni una sorta di ordine sociale nell’ambito della proprietà fondiaria, facilitando così l’instaurarsi di un clima di fiducia. La computerizzazione del sistema ha anche recato notevoli vantaggi in termini di produttività per l’amministrazione. Questo sistema digitalizzato offre nuovi servizi ai funzionari amministrativi, ai professionisti del settore immobiliare e fondiario e ai cittadini.
A dynamic and vibrant private sector is crucial to economic growth, with firms making new investments, creating jobs, improving productivity, and promoting growth. Entrepreneurial activity is pivotal ...to the continued dynamism of the private sector, as the generation of new businesses fosters competition and economic growth. This is particularly relevant for Azerbaijan, whose government faces a central challenge to create conditions that will facilitate growth in nonoil tradable sectors. The core objectives of Azerbaijan's development strategy are to diversify the economy away from the oil sector and sustain high employment and growth. Encouraging high-growth entrepreneurship can help Azerbaijan achieve these goals as it moves toward new opportunities in value added and tradable sectors. This study shows that high-growth entrepreneurialism is low in Azerbaijan and that innovative activity among firms is very low. Several factors hinder business growth and entrepreneurship: lack of competition, especially among smaller firms; financial systems that are not conducive to business development. Companies cite high interest rates and risk-averse lending policies as substantial hindrances to expansion. In addition, risk capital is in short supply; and lack of industry-relevant skills. The government could play an important role by removing bottlenecks that impede entrepreneurialism in the general business environment as well as by designing new financial policy instruments that foster entrepreneurship and innovation. In doing so, the government needs to exercise care that the design and management of these instruments prevent capture or corruption and promote efficiency. Lack of competition is an issue in Azerbaijan, particularly for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), which face uneven treatment within the enterprise sector.
To minimize donor risk and maintain public support, volunteer donor stem cell donation, whether by mobilized leukapheresis or marrow aspiration, requires careful donor eligibility assessment. Many ...contraindications to stem cell donation exist, yet analyses of donor deferral rates are not available. In a 36-month series encompassing 2493 potential stem cell donors, we analyzed frequencies and reasons for deferrals. All were presumed eligible by their registries because of previously submitted structured health questionnaire and formal telephone interviews. After assessment by our center's physicians, 3.3% of donors proved ineligible, but 5.6% more were eligible for only one of the collection methods. Higher deferral rates were associated with female sex, increasing age and mobilized stem cell donation vs marrow. Exclusion criteria were identified with approximately similar frequency by medical history, physical examination and laboratory testing. Reasons for deferrals almost exclusively served to protect donor safety; the rare recipient-directed safety concerns could be, and often were, overridden in agreement with the transplant center. As formal analyses have shown, with careful assessment, stem cell donation is acceptably safe, but the plethora of deferral reasons mandate that only physicians with specific experience should evaluate stem cell donors, that is, this task should not be delegated to paramedical personnel.
Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff „neuroendokrine Tumoren“ (NET), oder allgemeiner „neuroendokrine Neoplasien“ (NEN), umfasst eine sehr heterogene Gruppe seltener Tumoren mit unterschiedlicher Dignität und ...Lokalisation, die allein durch ihre endokrine Biologie mit Ausbildung und Sekretion von Synaptophysin und/oder Chromogranin A definiert sind. Sie entwickeln sich aus mesodermalen Stammzellen. In den letzten Jahren sind Inzidenz und Prävalenz der NEN stetig gestiegen. Die Einteilung erfolgt nach betroffenem Organ, Proliferationsverhalten und möglichem Vorhandensein einer Hormonproduktion mit dann meist typischer Klinik. Diagnostik und Therapie der NEN sind deshalb sehr spezifisch und sollten interdisziplinär abgestimmt werden. Die Therapie umfasst die endoskopische oder chirurgische Resektion, eine medikamentöse Therapie zur Symptom- und Proliferationskontrolle, lokoregionäre Therapien und die Radionuklidtherapie. Dafür gibt es Leitlinien mit Therapiealgorithmen, die ständig aktualisiert werden.
In numerous situations stroke physicians face a lack of evidence during their daily practice. In this report the authors address some of the difficult treatment decisions encountered in acute therapy ...and secondary prevention. Examples include off-label thrombolysis and prevention in high-risk situations. The available data from trials and registries are discussed, and personal views and recommendations are expressed.
Résumé La loi du 22 mars 2011, et plus encore les décisions du Conseil d’Etat du 10 juin 2013, précisent le cadre juridique de la gestion du « .fr » sans fondamentalement en changer la nature et le ...régime de service public. Elles n’ont malheureusement pas non plus réduit les principales sources d’insécurité juridiques – absence de qualification juridique du nom de domaine, rareté des adresses – car les pouvoirs publics français restent contraints par la gouvernance internationale très particulière de cette activité.
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