This paper describes the research process – from planning to presentation, with the emphasis on credibility throughout the whole process – when the methodology of qualitative content analysis is ...chosen in a qualitative study. The groundwork for the credibility initiates when the planning of the study begins. External and internal resources have to be identified, and the researcher must consider his or her experience of the phenomenon to be studied in order to minimize any bias of his/her own influence. The purpose of content analysis is to organize and elicit meaning from the data collected and to draw realistic conclusions from it. The researcher must choose whether the analysis should be of a broad surface structure (a manifest analysis) or of a deep structure (a latent analysis). Four distinct main stages are described in this paper: the decontextualisation, the recontextualisation, the categorization, and the compilation. This description of qualitative content analysis offers one approach that shows how the general principles of the method can be used.
Findings from domestic and foreign literature analyses on the research methods and techniques applied in the management sciences confirmed the necessity to elaborate a certain procedure of selecting ...proper research methods, with consideration given to new management trends. With reference to the foregoing, the article presented qualitative studies (interviews, experts’ opinions) and quantitative ones (surveys) in order to diagnose the problem in a proper way by providing answers to five research hypotheses. As a result of the research effort, the anticipated goal of the article was achieved, i.e. the readers were presented with an elaborated procedure (Dźwigoł, 2018) of selecting the methods and techniques for the sake of the management-related research process, and with essential components of the research process used for designing the procedure in question. Since the research hypotheses were positively assessed, the author was able to present recommendations as to putting the procedures into practice, which were supported by a dedicated online tool. What is more, the achieved goal allowed not only to determine the application rate of the particular methods and techniques, or their combined versions, but also to identify certain rules as to recognising the research process in the present context and in terms of other variables, since the latter may influence whether the selected methods and techniques, related to the research subject in the context of management sciences, are essential. All foregoing steps were aimed at enhancing the reliability, quality and level of the research studies being carried out. Furthermore, it was recommended to perform further research studies aimed at verifying the adopted model and procedure of selecting research methods and techniques in the management sciences, especially in the practical context.
The article aims at providing guidance on choosing the appropriate research approach for different research contexts by comparing the importance of using appropriate methods and techniques in both ...idiographic and nomothetic approaches based on the results of international research. To achieve the intended goal of the article and answer the research questions, the results of quantitative research (a survey) were used. There was questioned an international group of experts consisting of scholars in the field of management sciences. The obtained research outcomes provide a more thorough understanding of current research trends. Additionally, they indicate the significance of various methods and techniques in the research process in management studies and highlight the current convergence of idiographic and nomothetic approaches in favor of combining research procedures, methods, and techniques. The contribution to the theory of management sciences focuses mainly on presenting recommendations regarding the selection of appropriate approaches to the research process emphasizing the role of methodological triangulation and indicating significant methods that increase the reliability and quality of the research.
Good practice in ‘participatory’ research in conservation, especially where it involves Indigenous peoples and local communities, has become especially topical following the adoption of the ...Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework in 2022. The Framework sets out three cross-cutting stipulations that have implications for conservation research: (i) that the important role that Indigenous peoples and local communities play in global conservation should be recognised; (ii) that conservation should be rights-based, and (iii) that implementation needs to be based on traditional knowledge as well as scientific evidence. This will require a paradigm shift towards more equitable, inclusive approaches to conservation that support local environmental stewardship. Conservation researchers can play a significant role in supporting this shift, and we see this as a rational next step in the advancement of conservation science as a meta-discipline. Here, we explore these issues from our perspective as a group of researchers who work with Indigenous peoples and local communities. We briefly review the history of ‘participatory’ research in conservation and discuss three cross-cutting themes relating to conservation research that involves Indigenous peoples and local communities: participation across the different stages of the research process; data collection methods and their relative strengths and weaknesses in terms of participation; and ethical issues related to Indigenous and community participation. Finally, we present fourteen broad principles for good practice, which together provide a novel framework to build greater equity into the development and implementation of conservation research involving Indigenous peoples and local communities.
•Conservation policy is shifting to a greater focus on rights and equity.•Supporting this shift is a rational next step for conservation science.•Key themes include procedural, methodological and ethical aspects of participation•We present 14 principles for good practice to participation in research.•Together, they provide a novel framework for equity into conservation research.
PurposeLiterature review articles have become a frequently applied research approach in operations and supply chain management (SCM). The purpose of this paper aims to elaborate on four approaches ...for developing or employing theory in systematic literature reviews (SLRs).Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses conceptual arguments and illustrates them by pointing to recent examples. In SLRs, the material collection is usually based on keywords and searching databases, which is comparatively well documented. Data analysis, however, often falls short in documentation and, consequently, is neither well explained nor replicable. Therefore, the focus of this paper is the elaboration of the data analysis and sense-making stage in the research process of SLRs.FindingsThe paper presents four different approaches, which are characterized as theory (1) building, (2) modification, (3) refinement and (4) extension, based on whether new concepts are formed or extant concepts within SCM or other fields of management theory are adopted.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this research is that literature reviews could be conducted and presented in many ways. Since the focus of this research is on systematic literature reviews, only a limited number of approaches can be discussed and presented here.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to explaining the process and expected outcomes of a literature review and, therefore, aids in further developing the related methodological approaches. This is relevant as literature review publications now often replace conceptual or theoretical pieces but still have to deliver concerning demands of theory building.
In response to the absence of a deep reflection on methodological innovation, this article sets out to approach the most appropriate strategy for investigating cultural innovation. In this regard, ...underlying this article there is a conceptual revision of two key terms: culture and innovation. The former is expanded towards more open and creative visions, and the latter is redefined from a linear and accumulative conceptualisation to an open and creative process. In order to build a new methodological approach based on this revision, we focus on presenting an onto-epistemological turn that implies a move from a research process in a linear progression, to an innovative cultural research process understood as an event that is processual, relational, and performative. By way of conclusion, the article proposes a creative and innovative research device that is open to the multiple configurations in which individuals and groups inhabit, build and experience culture in innovative ways.
Four validity types evaluate the approximate truth of inferences communicated by primary research. However, current validity frameworks ignore the truthfulness of empirical inferences that are ...central to research-problem statements. Problem statements contrast a review of past research with other knowledge that extends, contradicts, or calls into question specific features of past research. Authors communicate empirical inferences, or quantitative judgments, about the frequency (e.g., “few,” “most”) and variability (e.g., “on the one hand,” “on the other hand”) in their reviews of existing theories, measures, samples, or results. We code a random sample of primary research articles and show that 83% of quantitative judgments in our sample are vague and do not have a transparent origin, making it difficult to assess their validity. We review validity threats of current practices. We propose that documenting the literature search, reporting how the search was coded, and quantifying the search results facilitates more precise judgments and makes their origin transparent. This practice enables research questions that are more closely tied to the existing body of knowledge and allows for more informed evaluations of the contribution of primary research articles, their design choices, and how they advance knowledge. We discuss potential limitations of our proposed framework.
Research process automation–the reliable, efficient, and reproducible execution of linked sets of actions on scientific instruments, computers, data stores, and other resources–has emerged as an ...essential element of modern science. We report here on new services within the Globus research data management platform that enable the specification of diverse research processes as reusable sets of actions, flows, and the execution of such flows in heterogeneous research environments. To support flows with broad spatial extent (e.g., from scientific instrument to remote data center) and temporal extent (from seconds to weeks), these Globus automation services feature: (1) cloud hosting for reliable execution of even long-lived flows despite sporadic failures; (2) a simple specification and extensible asynchronous action provider API, for defining and executing a wide variety of actions and flows involving heterogeneous resources; (3) an event-driven execution model for automating execution of flows in response to arbitrary events; and (4) a rich security model enabling authorization delegation mechanisms for secure execution of long-running actions across distributed resources. These services permit researchers to outsource and automate the management of a broad range of research tasks to a reliable, scalable, and secure cloud platform. We present use cases for Globus automation services, describe their design and implementation, present microbenchmark studies, and review experiences applying the services in a range of applications.
•The research process automation problem, fundamental to modern science, is defined.•A research process automation approach based on cloud-hosted services is proposed.•New Globus automation services are described that implement this approach•Benchmark results and experiences at large scientific instruments are reported.
Memoing in qualitative research Birks, Melanie; Chapman, Ysanne; Francis, Karen
Journal of research in nursing,
01/2008, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper explores memoing in the context of qualitative research methodologies. The functions of memos in the research process are discussed and a number of techniques for employing memo writing to ...enhance the research experience and outcomes are examined. Memoing is often discussed in the literature as a technique employed in grounded theory research, yet there is limited exploration of the value of memo writing in qualitative methodologies generally. Memoing serves to assist the researcher in making conceptual leaps from raw data to those abstractions that explain research phenomena in the context in which it is examined. Memos can be effectively employed by both the novice and experienced researcher as a procedural and analytical strategy throughout the research process. Data exploration is enhanced, continuity of conception and contemplation is enabled and communication is facilitated through the use of memoing. While guidelines exist to aid in the production and use of memos, memoing remains a flexible strategy wherein the process of construction and nature of content is determined by the preferences and abilities of the researcher and the aims and focus of the specific research study.
Purpose - Inconsistent research output makes critical literature reviews crucial tools for assessing and developing the knowledge base within a research field. Literature reviews in the field of ...supply chain management (SCM) are often considerably less stringently presented than other empirical research. Replicability of the research and traceability of the arguments and conclusions call for more transparent and systematic procedures. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the importance of literature reviews in SCM.Design methodology approach - Literature reviews are defined as primarily qualitative synthesis. Content analysis is introduced and applied for reviewing 22 literature reviews of seven sub-fields of SCM, published in English-speaking peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2009. A descriptive evaluation of the literature body is followed by a content analysis on the basis of a specific pattern of analytic categories derived from a typical research process.Findings - Each paper was assessed for the aim of research, the method of data gathering, the method of data analysis, and quality measures. While some papers provide information on all of these categories, many fail to provide all the information. This questions the quality of the literature review process and the findings presented in respective papers.Research limitations implications - While 22 literature reviews are taken into account in this paper as the basis of the empirical analysis, this allows for assessing the range of procedures applied in previous literature reviews and for pointing to their strengths and shortcomings.Originality value - The findings and subsequent methodological discussions aim at providing practical guidance for SCM researchers on how to use content analysis for conducting literature reviews.
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