The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall welfare depends on the resilience of microeconomic units, particularly households, to cope and recover from the shocks created by the pandemic. In ...Sub-Saharan Africa, where the pandemic has been less pervasive, the pandemic is expected to increase food insecurity, vulnerability, and ultimately poverty. To accurately measure the welfare impact of the pandemic on the macroeconomy, it is important to account for the distributional impact on households and the ability of households to cope with it, which reflects their microeconomic resilience. In this paper, we seek to determine the differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on household microeconomic resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa. We use direct measurements of economic indicators to measure the impact of the pandemic on 6249 households across Ethiopia and Nigeria. Given that resilience is a latent variable, the FAO’s Resilience Index Measure Analysis (RIMA) framework is utilized to construct the resilience index. We hypothesize that the pandemic created differential economic impacts among households and ultimately household microeconomic resilience. Study findings show that government containment measures improved household microeconomic resilience, while self-containment measures lowered microeconomic resilience. Additionally, households that relied on wage employment and non-farm businesses as their main source of livelihood were found to be more microeconomic resilient.
Chang’e-5 (CE-5) successfully landed on the young basalts area in the northeastern Oceanus Procellarum on 1 December 2020. Recent studies on the CE-5 landing area have shown that the lack of ...gas-related volcanic morphology indicates that the volatile elements captured in the interior of the Moon within late-stage magma is relatively low. Typical lunar gas-related volcanic features include dark mantle deposits, volcanic pits, irregular mare patches and so on. Based on orbital images, topography, and spectral data obtained from multiple missions restricted by the morphologic and compositional characteristics of typical volcanic explosive features, this study investigated the morphological characteristics of the volcanic features in detail and found that there are three dark mantle deposits (DMDs) near the source area of Rima Mairan that have unusually low albedo and abnormally high titanium and iron content than those of the surrounding material. Combined with M3 spectral analysis, it is shown that DMDs contain some volcanic glass components, which indicates a gas-rich explosive eruption process. In addition to DMDs, irregular mare patches (IMPs) and a volcanic depression/pit have been recognized in this area, both of which indicate a history of gas-related volcanic eruptions. Based on this study and combined with past studies, we determined the volcanic history in the source area of Rima Mairan, including both effusive and explosive volcanic activities.
This research investigates the impacts of food assistance on resilience to food insecurity of the beneficiary households under the World Food Programme and Oxfam America’s project “The R4 Rural ...Resilience Initiative” implemented in rural and vulnerable areas of Malawi during the period 2015‐2016. The empirical analysis uses three main techniques: the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis II methodology of the Food and Agriculture Organization to measure resilience and food security; a reflexive method for a descriptive performance assessment; matching techniques for impact evaluation. The performance analysis and the impact evaluation reveal positive and significant relationships between programme interventions and resilience to food insecurity, showing also improved household access to loans insurance and savings.
El artículo comienza con un breve repaso del debate sobre el alcance de los sentidos de la vista y el oído en el ámbito religioso. Dada la importancia del oído en el catolicismo, se propone ...investigar con mayor énfasis estructuras sonoras en los autos sacramentales de Calderón. Se demuestra cómo la psicomaquia de los autos sacramentales se plasma directamente en la estructura sonora de la obras, llevando al alma por la asonancia en u-a al pecado y en a-a, de Gracia, a la redención.
The Lunar Prospector Electron Reflectometer has obtained the first global map of lunar crustal magnetic fields, revealing that the effects of basin-forming impacts dominate the large-scale ...distribution of remanent magnetic fields on the Moon. The weakest surface magnetic fields (<0.2 nT) are found within two of the largest and most recent impact basins, Orientale and Imbrium. Conversely, the largest concentrations of strong surface fields (>40 nT) are diametrically opposite to these same basins. This pattern is present though less pronounced for several other post-Nectarian impact basins larger than 500 km in diameter. The reduced strength and clarity of the pattern for older basins may be attributed to: (1) demagnetization from many smaller impacts, which erases antipodal magnetic signatures over time, (2) superposition effects from other large impacts, and (3) variation in the strength of the ambient magnetizing field. The absence of fringing fields stronger than 1 nT around the perimeter of the Imbrium basin or associated with craters within the basin implies that any uniform magnetization of the impact melt must be weaker than
∼
10
−6
G cm
3 g
−1. This limits the strength of any steady ambient magnetic field to no more than ∼0.1 Oe at the lunar surface while the basin cooled for tens of millions of years following the Imbrium impact 3.8 billion years ago.
The lower airways of turtles consist of the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Due to incomplete information about the anatomical structure of the lower respiratory tract in turtles, we decided to explore ...this topic more deeply. The material for this study included 95 turtle cadavers. Terrestrial tortoises were represented by 63 individuals from 8 species, aquatic and semi-aquatic turtles by 32 individuals from 11 species. The sex ratio was 54 females to 41 males. In addition to the anatomical autopsies and assessments of the macroscopic structures, numerous measurements were performed. The length, width and height of the larynx and trachea, and the length of the bronchi were measured. We found clinical significance in two parameters. The first one is the formation of the rima glottidis, which is significantly shorter and narrower in the aquatic turtles than in the terrestrial tortoises. It follows that for these species, we should use a smaller diameter of endotracheal cannula for intubation. The second parameter is a very short trachea in tortoises of the genus Testudo. The length of the trachea is only a few centimetres, which significantly increases the risk of intubation into one bronchus only.
Pese a la importancia de los Triumphi de Petrarca, aún no hay una edición crítica que ofrezca una versión definitiva del texto. En 1950, Roberto Weiss publicó por primera vez de forma íntegra este ...fragmento del Triumphus Fame; la reaparición de estos versos da cuenta de la incansable labor de revisión que Petrarca desarrollaba para la composición de sus obras. En los seis episodios que lo conforman, el aretino presenta un sinnúmero de personajes históricos y literarios, en gran parte de la antigüedad grecolatina. En esta “biblioteca ideal” petrarquesca, el Triumphus Fame revela el grado de conocimiento que Petrarca tenía de los autores clásicos ahí mencionados. Aquí se presenta la primera traducción al español del Triumphus Fame IIa.
In this paper, we revise the reception process and the transmission of the Cantar de mio Cid in 18th century. For this purpose, we compare the testimonies of the Cantar dated in this period (among ...these, the copies made by Sarmiento and Cándido María Trigueros) with a copy from the beginning of 16th century and the Medieval codex unicus. We follow the critic method of the significant mistake to make the filiation of those testimonies. As a result, we propose the existence of archetypes in the manuscript transmission of the Cantar from Middle Ages to 18th century, and that could be decisive for the knowledge of the text in Spanish Enlightenment.
The paper has a double purpose. It contains a short excerpt from a Polish t anslation of the latest known adaptation of Bovo-Bukh authored by Moshe Knapheys and published by YIVO in Buenos Aires in ...1962. It also contains a basic exegesis of the chivalry poem, starting with its earliest incunables in a vernacular with strong Venetian traits, printed in the 1480s, through its first adaptation in Yiddish-Taytsh by Elia Levita, originally written in Padua in 1507, but published in Isny only in 1541. The Polish translation from modern Yiddish according to the 1962 version also contains a critical apparatus in which the early Venetian text (a 1487 incunable), and Levita’s Yiddish-Taytsh adaptation of the latter, according to both the 1 07 manuscript and the 1541 print, are taken into consideration for comparison.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To investigate laryngeal function in cases of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy pre‐ and post laryngoplasty (LP) using dynamic respiratory endoscopy (DRE). OBJECTIVES: To ...compare the rima glottidis area during DRE pre‐ and post LP; document all forms of dynamic upper airway obstruction (DUAO) pre‐ and post LP and investigate the relationship between post operative abduction at rest and exercise. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: Thoroughbred racehorses with pre‐ and post LP DRE were included. Left‐to‐right arytenoid cartilage angle ratios and rima glottidis area ratios were used to quantify laryngeal function during rest and exercise, pre‐ and post LP. RESULTS: In 35 horses, mean pre‐LP ratios were greater during rest (left‐to‐right quotient angle ratio LRQ 0.76 ± 0.13; left‐to‐right arytenoid ratio LRR 0.72 ± 0.14; rima glottidis area ratio RGA 0.40 ± 0.10) than exercise (LRQ 0.39 ± 0.16, P<0.001; LRR 0.38 ± 0.16, P<0.001; RGA 0.15 ± 0.05, P<0.001). Exercising ratios were larger post LP (LRQ 0.61 ± 0.13; LRR 0.60 ± 0.12; RGA 0.30 ± 0.08) than pre‐LP (LRQ 0.39 ± 0.16, P<0.001; LRR 0.38 ± 0.16, P<0.001; RGA 0.15 ± 0.05, P<0.001). A positive linear relationship was found between post LP resting and exercising ratios (R² = 0.48; P<0.001) and post operative abduction grades (R² = 0.63; P<0.001). Pre‐LP all horses demonstrated left arytenoid cartilage collapse with bilateral vocal cord collapse and 37% had aryepiglottic fold collapse. Post LP 13 horses (37%) developed additional DUAOs and these horses had smaller RGAs (0.25 ± 0.08) than horses that did not develop DUAOs (0.32 ± 0.07, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple forms of DUAO occurred pre‐LP and additional forms often developed post LP. Post LP the degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction at rest was useful to predict the degree of abduction during exercise.
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