Iako je robotika višedisciplinarno područje koje posljednjih desetak godina sve više zalazi i u područje obrazovanja, njena primjena u osnovnim školama još uvijek u povojima. U ovom radu je provedeno ...istraživanje s ciljem rasvjetljavanja problematike upotrebe robotike unutar nastavnog predmeta Informatike te analize stupnja zainteresiranosti učitelja za implementacijom LEGO WeDo 2.0 edukativnog programa u prve razrede osnovne škole. Istraživanje je provedeno među 70 učitelja i učiteljica nastavnog predmeta Informatika u osnovnim školama grada Zagreba. Istraživanje je provedeno kroz tri faze, a kao instrument istraživanja korišten je online anketni upitnik. Sudionici istraživanja su u prvom dijelu odgovorili na upitnik, a potom im je prezentirano LEGO WeDo 2.0 programsko sučelje i Prijedlog nastavnog programa robotike za učenike prvog razreda osnovne škole te način implementacije u nastavni predmet Informatika. Drugi dio upitnika je proveden nakon prezentacije nakon koje su učitelji mogli procijeniti primjenu LEGO WeDo 2.0 u nastavi. Rezultati su pokazali kako su se osobni stavovi o primjeni robotike u nastavi promijenili nakon prezentacije. Učitelji su pokazali visoku razinu spremnosti na implementaciju i korištenje LEGO WeDo edukativnog programa u nastavnom sadržaju za prve razrede osnovne škole. Kao najveće prednosti edukativnog programa prepoznali su podizanje digitalne i informatičke pismenosti kod učenika, poticanje kritičkog razmišljanja i zanimanja za STEM discipline, a najveće ograničenje vide u visokim troškovima nabave robotskih setova.
Robotics is a multidisciplinary field that has increasingly entered the field of education in the last ten years. However, its application in primary schools is still at a low level. The research in this paper was made with the aim of elucidating the problems in the use of robotics within the subject of Informatics and analysing the degree of interest of teachers in the implementation of the LEGO WeDo 2.0 educational program in the first grades of elementary school. The research was conducted among 70 teachers of the Informatics subject in elementary schools in the city of Zagreb. The research cycle had three phases, and an online questionnaire was used as a research instrument. At the beginning, the research participants answered the questions from the first part of the questionnaire, and then they were subjected to an online presentation that contained a description of the LEGO WeDo 2.0 programming interface and a proposal for a robotics curriculum for first-grade elementary school students and how to implement it in the Informatics subject. After listening to the presentation, the participants proceeded to fill out the second part of the questionnaire, i.e. the assessment of LEGO WeDo 2.0 robotics education. The results show that personal attitudes about the possibilities of using robotics in teaching changed after watching the presentation, teachers showed a high level of readiness to implement and use the LEGO WeDo educational program in teaching materials for the first grades of elementary school. As the biggest advantages of the educational program, they recognized the raising of digital and IT literacy among students, the stimulation of critical thinking and interest in STEM disciplines, and they see the biggest limitation in the high costs of purchasing robot sets. Limitations also stem from some personal factors.
Lokalisasi robot adalah proses penentuan lokasi mobile robot terhadap lingkungannya. Ini penting untuk pengoperasian robot otonom, karena lokasi robot saat ini akan mempengaruhi keputusan tindakan ...robot selanjutnya. Pengoperasian di dalam ruangan dan area terbatas membuat lokalisasi robot menjadi lebih menantang, mengingat perangkat Global Positioning System (GPS) tidak dapat digunakan, dan masih menarik banyak peneliti hingga saat ini. Makalah ini mengusulkan desain, konstruksi, dan validasi testbed robot berbiaya rendah, yang memungkinkan pengukuran lokasi dan orientasi mobile robot secara real time menggunakan sistem penglihatan atas. Beberapa masalah yang dihadapi dalam desain dan pengembangan seperti pengaturan posisi kamera dan pemilihan pengenal robot telah berhasil diatasi. Beberapa fungsi pustaka OpenCV diimplementasikan untuk melakukan pengolahan video. Pustaka Tkinter digunakan dalam pengembangan Graphical User Interface (GUI) pada penelitian ini. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi dan orientasi robot baik statis maupun dinamis dengan rata-rata nilai kesalahan kurang dari 3,8 cm pada pengujian statis dan terbukti mampu merekam pergerakan robot baik pada lintasan lurus maupun melingkar. Sehingga setup testbed dapat direkomendasikan sebagai solusi cepat dan murah untuk verifikasi dan pengambilan data pada berbagai penelitian yang membutuhkan perekaman lokasi dan orientasi robot baik statis maupun dinamis. Beberapa perbaikan diperlukan untuk menjadikan sistem lebih handal dan akurat.
Mata kuliah robotika merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib yang ada di Prodi Teknik Informatika Universitas Islam Makassar. Proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah robotika berupa teori yang tidak ...diimplementasikan dengan alat peraga robotika, sehingga pemahaman pembelajaran robotika masih dikategorikan rendah. Tujuan penelitian menerapkan trainer kit berbasis arduino sebagai media pembelajara mata kuliah robotika guna memudahkan mahasiswa dan dosen dalam mengaplikasikan materi perkuliahan robotika. Metode penelitian Research and development (RD) dengan prosedur pengembangan mengacu pada model ADDIE yang bertujuan mengetahui unjuk kerja serta tingkat kelayakan trainer sebagai media pembelajaran. Hasil pengujian trainer ini terdiri dari beberapa komponen seperti arduino sebagai alat pengendali, sensor ultrasonik sebagai input pendeteksi jarak suatu objek, Motor DC sebagai output penggerak yang memiliki rotasi 3600, motor servo dengan rotasi putaran aksimal sebesar 1800 sebagai sendi penggerak dari robot arm LCD 16x2 sebagai output yang menampilkan teks, push button sebagai pengontrol suatu kondisi, joystik sebagai remot penggerak dari robot arm, dan Step down DC sebagai penyuplai tegangan dengan besaran 5 volt dan 12 volt, semua komponen dikemas dalam Box Aluminium dilengkapi dengan kabel USB yang berfungsi untuk mengirimkan program, serta adapter yang berfungsi sebagai power supply pada perangkat arduino uno. Hasil validasi uji coba pemakaian oleh dosen ahli memperoleh persentase sebesar 93,7% pada aspek edukatif, 87,5% pada aspek teknis, dan 85% pada aspek estetika. Kesimpulan media pembelajaran berupa trainet kit dapat dikategorikan sangat layak digunakan sebagai alat penunjang pembelajaran pada mata kuliah robotika teknik informatika universitas islam Makassar.
Robotika i umjetna inteligencija (UI) neupitno poboljšavaju ljudske potencijale. Djeluju u rasponu od jednostavnog zaključivanja, izvođenja jednostavnih radnji do imitacije složenih ljudskih ...kognitivnih i radnih funkcija. Njihovi zadatci mogu varirati od zabave ili igre do pomaganja ljudima u teškim ili zamornim zadaćama. Kako bismo razumjeli utjecaj umjetne inteligencije, važno je učiti iz prošlih uspjeha i neuspjeha, kao i predvidjeti njezine buduće smjerove i potencijalne pravne, etičke i socioekonomske implikacije. U bliskoj će budućnosti inteligentni roboti sve više postajati sastavni dio života običnih ljudi. Potencijalne koristi su velike, ali tu su i značajni rizici i etički izazovi. Naša autonomija može biti ugrožena, a društvena interakcija opstruirana. Proširena uporaba robota može dovesti do smanjenog kontakta među ljudima i mogućih ograničenja osobnih sloboda. Pametni strojevi oblikuju radikalno nov svijet, dovodeći do značajnih ekonomskih i kulturalnih promjena, stvarajući i pobjednike i gubitnike na globalnoj razini. Umjetna inteligencija razvija se uzimajući čovjeka kao uzor. Unatoč tomu, umjetna inteligencija i ljudska bića ostaju fundamentalno različiti zbog svoje različite prirode. Možemo li onda dijeliti iste moralne koncepte? Iako postoji zabrinutost oko toga što robotika i umjetna inteligencija znače za našu budućnost, postoji i vjerovanje koje dolazi iz znanstvene ili pak filozofijske perspektive, da robotika i UI predstavljaju dio te evolucije. Napredujemo usput redefinirajući čovječanstvo i neprestano preispitujući što nas kao ljude čini jedinstvenima.
Robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are unquestionably enhancing humanpotential.Theyoperate in a range from simple reasoning, performing simple actions to imitatingcomplex human cognitive and labour functions. Their tasks can vary from funor games to helping people with difficult or tedious tasks. In order to understand theimpact of artificial intelligence, it is both important to learn from past successes andfailures, and to predict its future directions and potential legal, ethical and socioeconomicimplications. In the near future, intelligent robots will increasingly become an integral part of ordinary people’s lives. The potential benefits are great, however there are also significant risks and ethical challenges. Our autonomy can be threatened, andsocial interaction obstructed. The widespread use of robots can lead to reduced contact between people and possible restrictions on personal freedoms. Smart machines are shaping a radically new world, bringing significant economic and cultural changes, creating both winners and losers on a global scale. Artificial intelligence is developed by taking humans as a model. Despite this, artificial intelligence and human beingsnremain fundamentally different due to their different natures. Can we then share thensame moral concepts? Although there are many concerns about what robotics and AI mean for our future, there is a belief from a scientific or philosophical perspective that they represent a part of the evolution. We progress, redefining humanity along the way, constantly questioning what makes us unique as humans.
Uvod: Nagel tehnološki razvoj v zdravstvu neposredno vpliva na zdravstveno nego in na poklic medicinske sestre in zdravstvenika. Manko znanja med medicinskimi sestrami o raznolikih novih ...tehnologijah v zdravstvu predstavlja izziv na področju zdravstvene nege in kakovostne oskrbe pacientov. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so vsebine s področja pametnih tehnologij vključene v visokošolsko izobraževanje bodočih diplomiranih medicinskih sester v Sloveniji. Metode: Zbiranje učnih načrtov prek spletnih strani osmih visokošolskih institucij in osebnega stika s fakultetami in nosilci posameznih predmetov je potekalo v januarju in februarju 2023. Analizirali smo dvajset učnih predmetov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim kriterijem. Uporabili smo kvalitativni raziskovalni način z eksplorativno metodo, ki smo jo združevali z elementi vsebinske analize in vizualizacijske metode. Rezultati: V učnih načrtih predmetov s področja informatike in informacijsko komunikacijskih tehnologij (IKT) smo prepoznali šest vsebinskih sestavnih delov: pametne tehnologije, osnove IKT in informatike, IKT v zdravstvenem izobraževanju, IKT v zdravstvu, e-zdravje in druge vsebine s področja IKT. Pametne tehnologije so redko vključene v predmete na prvi in na drugi stopnji izobraževanja v zdravstveni negi. Diskusija in zaključek: V učnih programih slovenskih visokošolskih zavodov s področja zdravstvene nege močno primanjkuje vsebin s področja pametnih tehnologij. Glede na naglo širjenje digitalizacije v zdravstvu in pomembno vlogo medicinskih sester pri uvajanju in uporabi te vrste tehnologij v praksi bi bilo v prihodnje treba narediti korak naprej in v učne načrte visokošolskih institucij na področju zdravstvene nege ter v dodatna usposabljanja za medicinske sestre vključiti več poglobljenih vsebin s tega področja in jih tako obogatiti z naprednimi znanji in spretnostmi.
The second edition of this handbook provides a state-of-the-art cover view on the various aspects in the rapidly developing field of robotics. Reaching for the human frontier, robotics is vigorously ...engaged in the growing challenges of new emerging domains. Interacting, exploring, and working with humans, the new generation of robots will increasingly touch people and their lives. The credible prospect of practical robots among humans is the result of the scientific endeavour of a half a century of robotic developments that established robotics as a modern scientific discipline. The ongoing vibrant expansion and strong growth of the field during the last decade has fueled this second edition of the Springer Handbook of Robotics. The first edition of the handbook soon became a landmark in robotics publishing and won the American Association of Publishers PROSE Award for Excellence in Physical Sciences & Mathematics as well as the organization's Award for Engineering & Technology.
The second edition of the handbook, edited by two internationally renowned scientists with the support of an outstanding team of seven part editors and more than 200 authors, continues to be an authoritative reference for robotics researchers, newcomers to the field, and scholars from related disciplines. The contents have been restructured to achieve four main objectives: the enlargement of foundational topics for robotics, the enlightenment of design of various types of robotic systems, the extension of the treatment on robots moving in the environment, and the enrichment of advanced robotics applications. Further to an extensive update, fifteen new chapters have been introduced on emerging topics, and a new generation of authors have joined the handbook's team.
A novel addition to the second edition is a comprehensive collection of multimedia references to more than 700 videos, which bring valuable insight into the contents. The videos can be viewed directly augmented into the text with a smartphone or tablet using a unique and specially designed app.
Perkembangan zaman modern di sektor teknologi robotika dan mekanisasi telah meningkat sangat signifikan dalam beberapa dekade ini karena efisiensinya yang tinggi dari aspek waktu dan tenaga. Pada ...sistem mobilisasi barang untuk pemanfaatan perusahaan, khususnya bagian industri dan bagian pergudangan, salah satu robot yang digunakan adalah kendaraan berpemandu otomatis pengangkut barang atau yang biasa disebut sebagai automatic guided vehicle (AGV). Salah satu metode navigasi lama di AGV adalah penggunaan sebuah sensor untuk mengikuti pola garis pada objek yang terdeteksi, yaitu garis pada lantai. Metode tersebut kurang efektif karena lambat laun objek pola garis di lantai tersebut akan menghilang akibat efek dari gaya gesek roda AGV, sehingga tidak lagi dapat terdeteksi oleh sensor kamera. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan sebuah peningkatan metode navigasi AGV agar dapat menjadi sebuah inovasi yang berkelanjutan. Metode navigasi ini menggunakan empat objek gambar yang diposisikan pada area yang dilintasi robot AGV dan kamera sebagai sensor yang menghadap ke depan, sehingga AGV dapat dengan presisi mendeteksi pola objek gambar menggunakan bantuan computer vision menggunakan library perangkat lunak OpenCV. Selanjutnya, pola objek gambar yang sudah terdeteksi diproses oleh sebuah program yang dirancang pada perangkat komputer mini Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa metode ini mampu mendeteksi objek gambar yang berada di area yang terjangkau kamera dan berhasil menampilkan keluaran dari objek gambar tersebut. Sistem berhasil mengenali objek secara cukup akurat, dengan parameter jarak 10–95 cm dan melalui beberapa percobaan. Analisis kecepatan putaran roda depan dan belakang AGV dilakukan menggunakan osiloskop dan takometer sebagai alat pengukur kecepatan atau rotasi roda.
Thinking skills become one of the important aspects in creating ideas, concepts, and creativity to make something new work. Thinking skills are very necessary for elementary school students because ...it involves instruments of development in themselves to be able to gain knowledge as well as insight in shaping creativity. Robotics activities are related to creative thinking skills, because this activity is not only done as an activity to develop ideas, concepts, and works but is one of the skills in thinking students to be able to explore their abilities so that students can train and improve their motor skills in creating ideas, concepts, and works in robotics activities.
Keywords: Thinking Skills, Robotics, Creativity, Personal Development
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