Safe Spaces and Safe Places Scheuerman, Morgan Klaus; Branham, Stacy M.; Hamidi, Foad
Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction,
11/2018, Letnik:
2, Številka:
CSCW
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Transgender individuals in the United States face significant threats to interpersonal safety; however, there has as yet been relatively little research in the HCI and CSCW communities to document ...transgender individuals' experiences of technology-mediated safety and harm. In this study, we interviewed 12 transgender and non-binary individuals to understand how they find, create, and navigate safe spaces using technology. Managing safety was a universal concern for our transgender participants, and they experienced complex manifestations of harm through technology. We found that harmful experiences for trans users could arise as targeted or incidental affronts, as sourced from outsiders or insiders, and as directed against individuals or entire communities.. Notably, some violations implicated technology design, while others tapped broader social dynamics. Reading our findings through the notions of 'space" and 'place," we unpack challenges and opportunities for building safer futures with transfolk, other vulnerable users, and their allies.
“Safe spaces” emerged as an important activist tactic in the late twentieth-century United States with the rise of feminist, queer, and anti-racist movements. However, the term’s ambiguity, while ...denoting its wide applicability across movements, has led “safe space” to become overused but undertheorized. In both theory and praxis, “safe space” has been treated as a closed concept, erasing the context-specific relational work required to construct and maintain its material and symbolic boundaries. The emergence of online communities promising safety for marginalized groups calls for renewed investigations into the construction of these activist spaces. In this article, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork to consider the cultivation of safe space within Girl Army, a Philadelphia-based feminist Facebook group. Through participant observation and interviews with Girl Army members, I trace the group’s technical and discursive enforcement of safety and the role this space plays in members’ activism and everyday lives.
Physiologically-based population pharmacokinetic modeling (popPBPK) coupled with in vitro biopharmaceutics tools such as biorelevant dissolution testing can serve as a powerful tool to establish ...virtual bioequivalence and set clinically relevant specifications. One of several applications of popPBPK modeling is in the emerging field of virtual bioequivalence (VBE), where it can be used to streamline drug development by implementing model-informed formulation design and to inform regulatory decision-making e.g., with respect to evaluating the possibility of extending BCS-based biowaivers beyond BCS Class I and III compounds in certain cases.
In this study, Naproxen, a BCS class II weak acid was chosen as the model compound. In vitro biorelevant solubility and dissolution experiments were performed and the resulting data were used as an input to the PBPK model, following a stepwise workflow for the confirmation of the biopharmaceutical parameters. The naproxen PBPK model was developed by implementing a middle-out approach and verified against clinical data obtained from the literature. Once confidence in the performance of the model was achieved, several in vivo dissolution scenarios, based on model-based analysis of the in vitro data, were used to simulate clinical trials in healthy adults. Inter-occasion variability (IOV) was also added to critical physiological parameters and mechanistically propagated through the simulations. The various trials were simulated on a “worst/best case” dissolution scenario and average bioequivalence was assessed according to Cmax, AUC and Tmax.
VBE results demonstrated that naproxen products with in vitro dissolution reaching 85% dissolved within 90 min would lie comfortably within the bioequivalence limits for Cmax and AUC. Based on the establishment of VBE, a dissolution “safe space” was designed and a clinically relevant specification for naproxen products was proposed. The interplay between formulation-related and drug-specific PK parameters (e.g., t1/2) to predict the in vivo performance was also investigated.
Over a wide range of values, the in vitro dissolution rate is not critical for the clinical performance of naproxen products and therefore naproxen could be eligible for BCS-based biowaivers based on in vitro dissolution under intestinal conditions. This approach may also be applicable to other poorly soluble acidic compounds with long half-lives, providing an opportunity to streamline drug development and regulatory decision-making without putting the patient at a risk.
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The provision of community‐based space for people experiencing a mental health crisis is regarded as a favourable alternative to the emergency department. However, the only non‐emergency department ...safe spaces in Western Australia are located within hospitals or hospital grounds. This qualitative study asked mental health consumers in Western Australia with experience of presentation at the emergency department during a mental health crisis to describe what a safe space would look and feel like. Data were collected through focus groups and thematically analysed. The findings present the voices of mental health consumers through the framework of health geography and the therapeutic landscape. These participants articulated important physical and social features of a therapeutic safe space and their symbolism as inclusive, accessible places where they would experience a sense of agency and belonging. Participants also expressed a need for trained peer support within the space to complement the skilled professional mental health team. Participants' experiences of the emergency department during mental health crises were described as contrary to their recovery needs. The research reinforces the need for an alternative to the emergency department for adults who experience mental health crises and provides consumer‐led evidence to inform the design and development of a recovery‐focused safe space.
Instant messaging (IM) platforms are believed to foster intimate and controlled conversations within small groups and hence provide safe social settings for political conversations, and yet we know ...little about how political talk emerges from the everyday social interactions in these environments. To fill the gap, this study examines how sociability within small, private WhatsApp groups shapes the extent and forms of political talk among young adults. Relying on in-depth interviews conducted in the Netherlands, we find that young people perceive politics as personal, offensive, divisive, and depressing, hence unsafe for WhatsApp groups where they find comfort in communicating care and phatic exchanges. Nonetheless, rules, relationship qualities, and strategies enacted in these groups allow some political talk to become temporarily possible. However, they perceive that what makes political talk safer also makes it unproductive. Our findings thus contribute to a finer-grained understanding of political talk in the closed digital spaces.
Abstract Based on a 1‐year ethnographic case study of a Copenhagen‐based CrossFit gym we demonstrate how an organized training place is made physically, psychologically, and socially safe. This we ...show empirically by analyzing how the local multi‐sited CrossFit gym ‘CHALK’ maintains its safe space through three organizing mechanisms: (1) coach‐led learning progression and practice of the physical craft of CrossFit exercise, intended to prevent injury; (2) a dynamic relation between ‘Rx’ and ’scaling’, that is, setting universal standards for an exercise (Rx) and adjusting to individual levels of competence (scaling), actively preventing the high intensity workout from becoming high risk and from setting idealized norms that only few can live up to, but feel compelled to pursue nonetheless; (3) an egalitarian culture whose practice enables members to participate regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, socio‐economic class, sexual orientation, and prior exercise experience. Our ethnomethodological approach further allows us to discuss how certain signifiers of difference are recognized but either do not become salient or do not matter in respect to the functional training. Rather, we find and argue for the possibility to engage in ‘tomboy‐ish behavior’ that challenges gender and other identity performances in CHALK. In identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for establishing safe space, the article contributes to extant literature, showing how safe space can emerge as an effect of everyday practice, in contrast to being intentional and declared.
Abschied Vom Individuum? Knopf, Alexander; Verónica Galfione, María
2022, 20221114, Letnik:
14
eBook
Weder früher noch später dürfte es einen Individualitätsbegriff gegeben haben, der sich hinsichtlich seines Umfangs und seiner Bedeutungsfülle mit dem der Romantik vergleichen ließe.
In dem ...vorliegenden Band werden verschiedene Konzeptionen von Individualität präsentiert, die entweder romantischen Ursprungs sind oder aus der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit den romantischen Ideen hervorgingen. Ausschlaggebend ist hierbei weniger die Frage nach irgendeiner Urheberschaft als vielmehr danach, welche Argumente aus dieser Diskussion heute noch valide sind. Es soll also ein Begriff von Individualität (wieder-)gewonnen werden, der diejenigen Aspekte in sich vereint, die in der gegenwärtigen Debatte ausgeblendet bleiben.
Empowerment und Powersharing sind zentrale Konzepte und theoretische Bezugspunkte in der Auseinandersetzung um Diversität in der Sozialen Arbeit. Die Suche nach Selbstermächtigung, Heilung und ...Repräsentation auf der einen Seite und Wegen der kritischen Reflexion über Privilegien und Entwicklung von Maßnahmen der Neuverteilung von Macht und Ressourcenzugängen auf der anderen Seite sind unerlässlich für eine gesellschaftliche Transformation. In der 2., überarbeiteten Auflage werden Beiträge versammelt, die sich in intersektionaler Perspektive mit Konzeptionalisierungen, theoretischen Verortungen, Positionierungen und Praxen des Empowerments und Powersharings in und außerhalb der Sozialen Arbeit beschäftigen.
The purpose of this study was to better understand how LGBT+ college students find a safe space on college and university campuses when there is not one already provided for them. Strange and ...Banning’s (2015) four environments served as the theoretical framework. Data were collected through individual interviews with six college students who identify within the LGBT+ community and attend a mid-sized institution in South Georgia which does not have an established safe space. Students indicated locations like the library, front lawn, and individuals such as faculty, staff, and student organizations offered safe spaces. The results can better inform student affairs educators or any professional who works with LGBT+ populations on how to better support these students while they are under their guise. It also supports the trend of colleges and universities establishing safe spaces for their LGBT+ students.
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