Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a plant in the family of Labiatae/Lamiaceae. It is native to Middle East and Mediterranean areas, but today has been naturalized throughout the world. In folk medicine, ...S. officinalis has been used for the treatment of different kinds of disorders including seizure, ulcers, gout, rheumatism, inflammation, dizziness, tremor, paralysis, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. In recent years, this plant has been a subject of intensive studies to document its traditional use and to find new biological effects. These studies have revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities for S. officinalis. Present review highlights the up-to-date information on the pharmacological findings that have been frequently reported for S. officinalis. These findings include anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antidementia, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Also, chemical constituents responsible for pharmacological effects of S. officinalis and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.
•we concentrate on the stator vibration properties which are more close related to the exciting magnetic forces but less interfered by bearing failure signals, as a supplement to the existed rotor ...vibration characteristics which have been widely studied by other researchers.•we take into account not only the conventional radial rotor eccentricity, but also the axial rotor eccentricity and the combined rotor eccentricity (mixture of both radial and axial eccentricities), which may widen the view-sight on this topic.•we investigate not only the radial vibration properties which have been always paid sufficient attention by scholars, but also the axial vibration characteristics which have been rarely studied.
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the stator vibration properties in synchronous generators under varied static air–gap eccentricity (SAGE) conditions. Current studies mainly focus on the electromechanical and thermal properties such as stator/rotor vibration, electromagnetic torque, phase current, stator temperature, etc., in single and combined faults composed of SAGE and winding interturn short circuit, while the dangerous position of the stator core due to the over stator vibrations caused by 3D SAGE is rarely investigated. Differently from the other researches, this work concentrates on the radial magnetic pull per unit area (MPPUA) and the axial unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) on the stator to investigate the radial and the axial vibrations, taking into account not only the conventional radial SAGE, but also the axial SAGE and the combined SAGE (mixture of radial SAGE and axial SAGE). A 5kVA two-pole prototype synchronous generator, which is designed and manufactured by the authors, is employed as the study object of the finite element analysis (FEA) and the experiment for a validation. The proposed study as well as the 3D eccentricity simulating structure scheme of the prototype generator can be used as a reference for the further/similar investigations. It is shown that the most dangerous position of the stator core is close to the minimum air gap length point. Such conclusion can be employed to detect the detailed 3D eccentricity location and specifically prevent the insulation damage of the stator core.
A geared five-bar transplanting mechanism can meet the agronomic requirements for the vertical planting of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In order to improve the planting quality, this paper analyzed the ...structural composition and working principle of a transplanting mechanism and established an interactive human–computer auxiliary interface through a kinematic model. With the aid of an auxiliary interface, by taking the parameters of the transplanting mechanism as the factors and the parameters of the absolute trajectory and posture for the planter as the index, an orthogonal experimental design with five factors and five levels was carried out, and the optimal combination of the parameters of the mechanism was obtained. According to the optimal combination of the parameters of the mechanism, the structure of the transplanting mechanism was designed, a geared five-bar transplanting mechanism for Salvia miltiorrhiza prototype was developed, and a test bench system was built. The actual trajectory of the endpoint for the transplanting mechanism’s prototype was obtained using high-speed photographic technology. The bench test results showed that according to a comparison of the actual trajectory, the posture for the planter and the theoretical analysis results were basically consistent, which verified the correctness, rationality, and consistency of the optimal design for the mechanism.
Greater sage-grouse Knick, Steven T; Connelly, John W
2011., 20110407, 2011, 2011-05-19, Letnik:
38
eBook
Admired for its elaborate breeding displays and treasured as a game bird, the Greater Sage-Grouse is a charismatic symbol of the broad open spaces in western North America. Unfortunately these birds ...have declined across much of their range--which stretches across 11 western states and reaches into Canada--mostly due to loss of critical sagebrush habitat. Today the Greater Sage-Grouse is at the center of a complex conservation challenge. This multifaceted volume, an important foundation for developing conservation strategies and actions, provides a comprehensive synthesis of scientific information on the biology and ecology of the Greater Sage-Grouse. Bringing together the experience of thirty-eight researchers, it describes the bird's population trends, its sagebrush habitat, and potential limitations to conservation, including the effects of rangeland fire, climate change, invasive plants, disease, and land uses such as energy development, grazing, and agriculture.
The millimeter-wave (mmWave) band will be used for the fifth-generation communication systems. In this paper, 60-GHz mmWave channel measurements and modeling are carried out for indoor office ...environments. The rotated directional antenna-based method and uniform virtual array-based method are adopted and compared to investigate the 60-GHz channel in a 3-D space, simultaneously covering azimuth and coelevation domains. The multipath component parameters including power, delay, azimuth, and elevation angles are estimated with the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization estimation algorithm, and then processed with the K-means clustering algorithm. An extended Saleh-Valenzuela model with both delay and angular cluster features is used to characterize the measured channel, and the intercluster and intracluster parameters are extracted. We find that the azimuth departure angles are diverse and highly related to the antenna position and measurement environment, while the elevation departure angles are more related to the antenna height difference and confined in a relatively small direction range. The azimuth angle spread is much larger than the elevation angle spread either in global level or in cluster level. The results agree with the studies in the literature and channel models in IEEE standards.
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) is considered an umbrella species for sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) landscapes in western North America. In 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife ...Service determined sage-grouse unwarranted for protection under the Endangered Species Act (1973) because of conservation actions in priority areas. Understanding seasonal movements is key to delineation and assessment of priority conservation areas. We monitored radiomarked sage-grouse from 1998 to 2013 throughout Utah, USA, to determine seasonal movements. Maximum distances from nearest lek to nesting, summer, and winter locations across all radiomarked grouse averaged 2.20 km (90th percentile = 5.06 km), 3.93 km (90th percentile = 8.45 km), and 3.76 km (90th percentile = 7.15 km), respectively. Maximum movements from nest to summer, nest to winter, and between summer and winter locations across all radiomarked grouse averaged 5.77 km (90th percentile = 13.60 km), 11.77 km (90th percentile = 26.36 km), and 14.75 km (90th percentile = 30.77 km), respectively. Maximum distance from lek of capture to summer locations was greater for males than females, whereas females moved farther than males from lek to winter and summer to winter locations. Adult females moved farther than yearlings from lek to nest and summer to winter areas. The state of Utah’s Sage-Grouse Management Areas included approximately 85% of the radiotelemetry seasonal locations and >95% when weighted by lek counts.Our results suggest that seasonal movements could be facilitated by increasing usable habitat space through management actions, as emphasized in Utah’s sage-grouse plan.
Umbrella species and other surrogate species approaches to conservation provide an appealing framework to extend the reach of conservation efforts beyond single species. For the umbrella species ...concept to be effective, populations of multiple species of concern must persist in areas protected on behalf of the umbrella species. Most assessments of the concept, however, focus exclusively on geographic overlap among umbrella and background species, and not measures that affect population persistence (e.g. habitat quality or fitness). We quantified the congruence between the habitat preferences and nesting success of a high‐profile umbrella species (greater sage‐grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter ‘sage‐grouse’), and three sympatric species of declining songbirds (Brewer's sparrow Spizella breweri, sage thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus and vesper sparrow Pooecetes gramineus) in central Wyoming, USA during 2012–2013. We used machine‐learning methods to create data‐driven predictions of sage‐grouse nest‐site selection and nest survival probabilities by modeling field‐collected sage‐grouse data relative to habitat attributes. We then used field‐collected songbird data to assess whether high‐quality sites for songbirds aligned with those of sage‐grouse. Nest sites selected by songbirds did not coincide with sage‐grouse nesting preferences, with the exception that Brewer's sparrows preferred similar nest sites to sage‐grouse in 2012. Moreover, the areas that produced higher rates of songbird nest survival were unrelated to those for sage‐grouse. Our findings suggest that management actions at local scales that prioritize sage‐grouse nesting habitat will not necessarily enhance the reproductive success of sagebrush‐associated songbirds. Measures implemented to conserve sage‐grouse and other purported umbrella species at broad spatial scales likely overlap the distribution of many species, however, broad‐scale overlap may not translate to fine‐scale conservation benefit beyond the umbrella species itself. The maintenance of microhabitat heterogeneity important for a diversity of species of concern will be critical for a more holistic application of the umbrella species concept.
The conservation of so‐called umbrella species is presumed to benefit other species of conservation need. We examined North America's highest‐profile umbrella species and found little concordance between the needs of the umbrella species and those of three additional species its conservation is purported to benefit. Our study corroborates a growing body of evidence revealing holes in conservation umbrellas and finding that the umbrella often collapses at finer spatial scales.
Dr. Frances Sage Bradley (1862--1949) was a mediating force
between the urban world of her own education and experience, and
that of rural Americans. As a widow with four young children,
Bradley ...trained as a doctor and became one of the first women to
graduate from Cornell University Medical School. During the height
of the Progressive Era, she left her private practice to do
significant field work for the newly-created Children's Bureau,
working mainly in the Appalachian South.
In this timely biography, Barbara Barksdale Clowse details the
story of this physician, reformer, and writer, and her efforts to
extend access to healthcare to rural communities. Clowse describes
Bradley's important innovations in the field of public health,
including physical exams or "conferences" for children and infants
which simultaneously educated parents and local medical
practitioners, and her advocacy for improved nutrition and modern
medicine in rural areas. Finally, Clowse illustrates how Bradley's
work regarding maternal mortality and morbidity in America was
instrumental in demonstrating the need for what became the
Sheppard--Towner Act of 1921, also known as the Maternity and
Infancy Protection Act.
A century has passed since Bradley lived out her commitment to
social justice in healthcare, yet many of the issues that she faced
still plague the United States today. A Doctor for Rural
America presents a balanced portrait of an overlooked pioneer
and her work to establish healthcare as an obligation that the
government owed to its citizens.
•High-quality ornamental sage cuttings can be produced without growing media.•Spraying at 10-minute intervals enhances the quality of the adventitious roots.•Combining 1 g L⁻¹ Indole-3-butyric acid ...with a 10 min spray interval boosted root biomass yield.•Optimized aeroponics offers sustainable clonal propagation and shows promise for vertical farming.
Aeroponics, a soilless cultivation system where plants grow suspended in air and nutrient solution is sprayed directly onto the root system, can potentially optimize clonal stem cutting propagation. Here, we evaluated the effects of water spray intervals and the Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment on adventitious root development and the quality of ornamental sage cultivar cuttings. The investigation focused on three factors: (a) spray intervals of 5 (I5) and 10 min (I10); (b) IBA of 0 g L⁻¹ (C0 - control) and with a concentration of 1 g L⁻¹ (C1); and (c) sage cultivars 'Farina Silver Blue' and 'La Siesta'. A significant interaction was found between spray interval and IBA concentration in developing rooted cuttings. Specifically, applying 1 g L⁻¹ IBA with the longer spray interval of I10 positively influenced the percentage of cuttings with first roots at seven days post-cutting, the proportion of rooted cuttings, and the number of roots per cutting at 21 days post-cutting. The I10 spray interval yielded higher adventitious root quality than I5. No significant differences were observed between IBA concentrations regarding root length, root area, or the number of tips, forks, and crossings, whereas untreated cuttings exhibited greater root diameter and volume. Statistical analysis further indicated that combining 1 g L⁻¹ IBA with the I10 spray interval resulted in significantly higher root biomass yield. These findings suggest the potential for sustainable cutting production. Enriching aeroponics with these elements enables healthy, high-quality plant cultivation without using non-renewable resources. Aeroponics may also serve as a foundational technology for emerging systems like vertical farming.
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